Transcript Slide 1

Class 1~3: Herbs and
Formulas that Regulate Qi
Xianhui Li and Cui Han
Herbs
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*Pericarpium Citri reticulatae (Chen pi)
Pericarpium Citri reticulatae viride (Qing pi)
Pericarpium Arecae catechu (Da fu pi)
*Fructus Aurantii immaturus (Zhi shi)
*Fr Citri Aurantii (Zhi ke)
*Rhizoma Cyperi (Xiang fu)
*Radix Aucklandiae seu Vladimiriae (Mu xiang)
Radix Linderae (Wu yao)
Lignum Aquilariae resinatum (Chen xiang)
Lignum Santati albi (Tan xiang)
Bulbus Allii macrostemi (Xie bai)
Fructus Citri sarcodactylis (Fo shou)
Flos Rosae rugosae (Mei gui hua)
Fructus Melia Toosedan (Chuan lian zi)
Calyx kaki (Shi di)
Ju Pi (Chen Pi, tangerine peel,
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)
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Taste and Property: Pungent, bitter and warm
Meridian Tropism: Spleen and lung
Actions: Regulate flow of qi, harmonize function of the middle jiao, dry
dampness and dissolve phlegm
Application :
– Stagnation of qi in the spleen and stomach marked by fullness in the abdomen
and epigastrium, eructation, vomiting or nausea
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Fullness and pain in the epigastrium or abdomen, often used with Zhi Ke and Mu Xiang
Nausea or vomiting: Used with Sheng Jiang, i.e. Ju Pi Tang
Vomiting with phlegm heat manifestations: Used with Zhu Ru and Huang Lian
Abdominal pain and diarrhea due to liver qi attacking the spleen: Used with Bai Zhu, Bai
Shao and Fang Fengm i.e. Tong Xie Yao Fang
• Indigestion due to deficiency of the spleen qi, used with Dang Shen, Bai Zhu and Zhi
Gan Cao, i.e. Yi Gong Sang
– Dampness obstructing in the middle jiao marked by stuffiness in the chest and
abdominal fullness, poor appetite, lassitude, loose stool, thick tongue coating,
also for cough, profuse sputum.
• For the former, it is used with Cang Zhu and Hou Po, i.e. Ping Wei San.
• For the latter, used with Ban Xia and Fu Ling, i.e. Er Chen Tang
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Dosage: 3-10g
Qing Pi (Green tangerine orange peel,
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Immaturus)
• Taste and Property: Bitter, pungent taste and warm in nature
• Meridian tropism: Liver, gallbladder and stomach
• Actions: Dredge flow of liver qi, break qi, dissipate nodules and
remove retained food
• Application:
– Distending pain in the hypochondrium and breasts, pain in the hernia
caused by stagnation of the liver qi. For hypochondriac pain, used
together with Chai Hu and Yu Jin. For distending pain in the breast,
used with Chai Hu, Xiang Fu. For acute mastitis, used with Gua Lou, Jin
Yin Hua, Pu Gong Ying. For Abdominal pain in the abdomen, used with
Xiao Hui Xiang, Wu Yao and Mu Xiang, i.e. Tian Tai Wu yao San
– Indigestion marked by fullness and distending pain in the epigastrium,
often used with Shan Zha, Mai Ya and Shen Qu, i.e. Qing Pi Wan
– Abdominal mass caused by stagnation of both qi and blood, used with
Sang Leng, E Zhu and Yu Jin
– Elevate blood pressure
• Dosage: 3-10g
Da fu pi (Pericarpium Arecae
catechu )
• Taste and Property: acrid, slight warm
• Meridian tropism: Large intestine, small intestine,
spleen
• Actions: directs qi downward, disperses formless qi
obstruction, reduces edema
• Application:
– For patterns of dampness or other processes obstructing the
middle and leading to qi stagnation with such signs as epigastric
and abdominal distention, focal distention and stifling sensation,
and belching with acid regurgitation, used with chen pi, hou po
– For abdominal distention accompanied by edema, used with fu
ling pi, sheng jiang pi, i.e. wu pi yin
• Dosage: 4.5~9g
• Cautions & conintradications: used with caution
during pregnancy
Zhi shi (Immature Bitter orange )
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Taste and Property: Bitter, pungent and slightly cold
Meridian Tropism: Spleen, stomach and the large intestine
Actions: Break stagnated qi to remove retained food, dissolve phlegm to relieve the
obstruction
Applications:
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Retention of food marked by abdominal pain and constipation or unsmooth discharge of stool
and trismus in diarrhea or dysentery Used with Shan Zha, Mai Ya and Gu Ya for fullness in
the epigastrium and abdomen marked by eructation and foul breath
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Distension and fullness in the chest and epigastrium due to obstruction of qi by phlegm
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Constipation due to accumulation of heat: Used with Hou Po and Da Huang
Weakness of the spleen and stomach marked by fullness after eating: Used with Bai Zhu, i.e. Zhi Zhu
Wan
Diarrhea due to stagnation of damp heat: Used with Da Huang, Huang Lian and Huang Qin, i.e. Zhi
Shi Dao Zhi San
CHD with fullness in the epigastrium: Used with Xie Bai, Gui Zhi and Gua Lou, i.e. Zhi Shi Xie Bai Gui
Zhi Tang
Fullness and distension in the epigastrium marked by poor appetite and listlessness: Used with Hou
Po, Ban Xia and Shen Qu, i.e. Zhi Shi Xiao Shi Wan
Fever with epigastriac fullness: Used with Zhi Zi and Dou Chi, ie. Zhi Zi Chi Tang
Used for prolapse of stomach, uterus, and rectun
Elevating blood pressure
Dosage: 3-10g
Attention: Used with great care for weakness of the spleen and the stomach and
pregnant woman
Zhi Ke (Bitter orange )
• Taste and Property: Bitter, pungent and slightly cold
• Meridian Tropism: Spleen, stomach and the large
intestine
• Actions: Break stagnated qi to remove retained food,
dissolve phlegm to relieve the obstruction
• Applications:
– Promotes the flow of qi, for qi stagnation leading to problems in
the flow of qi such as cough, distention or constipation
• Used with gui zhi, for stabbing pain in the chest and flank
• Used with jie geng t oregulate the flow of qi in the chest an aid in the
transforming of phlegm
• Used with sheng ma to relax the bowels and encourage the
downward flow of turbid yin, i.e. ji chuan jian
• Dosage: 3-10g
• Attention:Used with great care for weakness of the
spleen and the stomach and pregnant woman
Xiang Fu (Nutgrass flatsedge
rhizome, Rhizoma Cyperi)
• Taste and Property: Pungent, slightly bitter and slightly sweet
• Meridian Tropism: Liver and triple jiao
• Actions: Dredge flow of the liver qi, regulate menstruation to relieve
pain
• Application:
– Stagnation of the Liver Qi:
• Hypochondric pain: Used with Chai Hu, Bai Shao and Zhi Ke
• Attack of liver qi on the stomach: Used with Mu Xiang
• Stomach ache due to stagnation of cold and qi: Used with Gao Liang Jiang,
i.e. Liang Fu Wan
• Abdominal pain due to cold: Used with Xiao Hui Xiang and Wu Yao
– Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea or distending pain in the breasts:
• Xiang Fu is a commonly used herb in treatment of gynecologic diseases,
especially the diseases caused by stagnation of the liver qi such as irregular
menstruation accompanied with distension in the breast and abdomen, often
used together with Dang Guim Chuan Xiong, Bai Shao and Chai Hu
• Dosage: 6-12g
Mu Xiang (Aucklandia root, Radix
Aucklandiae)
• Taste and property: Pungent, bitter and warm
• Meridian Tropism: Spleen, stomach, large intestine and gallbladder
• Actions: Promotes flow of qi, regulates function of the middle jiao
and relieves pain
• Applications:
– Stagnation of qi in the spleen and stomach marked by poor appetite,
indigestion, fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen, borborygmus,
diarrhea
– Distending pain due to qi stagnation in the epigastrium and abdomen:
Used with Zhi Ke, Chuan Lian Zi and Yan Hu Suo
– Diarrhea due to damp heat: Used with Huang Lian
– Failure of the liver to dredge flow of qi due to inability of the spleen to
transform and transport marked by distending pain in the
hypochondrium, bitter taste in the mouth, yellow coating or even
jaundice, often used with Chai Hu, Yu Jin and Zhi Ke, and Da Huang,
Yin Chen and Jin Qian Cao
– Deficiency of both the spleen qi and the stomach qi: Used with Dang
Shen, Bai Zhu and Sha Ren, i.e. Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang
• Dosage: 3-10g. Used raw for promote flow of qi and baked for
diarrhea
Wu Yao (Lindera Root, Radix
Linderae)
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Taste and Property: Pungent and warm
Meridian Tropism: Lung, Kidney, spleen and bladder
Actions: Promote flow of qi to relieve pain and warm up the kidney to
disperse cold
Application:
– Stagnation of cold and qi marked by chest stuffiness, hypochondriac pain,
abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea: This herb can promote flow of qi and
disperse cold to relieve pain
– Chest stuffiness and hypochondriac pain: Used with Xie Bai, Gua Lou, Yu Jin
– Distending pain in the peigastrium and abdomenL Used with Mu Xiang, Wu Zhu
Yu and Zhi Ke
– Hernia with pain in the lower abdomen: Used with Xiao Hui Xiang, Mu Xiang and
Qing Pi, i.e. Tian Tai Wu Yao San
– Abdominal pain in menstruation: Used with Xiang Fu, Dang Gui and Mu Xiang:
Wu Yao Tang
– Kidney yang deficiency caused by frequent urination and dripping of urine: Used
with Yi Zhi Ren and Shan yao, i.e. Suo Quan Wan
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Dosage: 3-10g
Lignum Aquilariae resinatum (Chen
xiang)
• Taste and Property: acrid, bitter, warm, aromatic
• Meridian Tropism: Kidney, spleen and stomach
• Actions: promotes the movement of qi and alleviates pain, directs
rebellious qi downward and regulate middle jiao, assists the kidneys
in grasping the qi
• Application:
– For stagnant qi patterns with such symptoms as distention, pain, or a
feeling of pressure in the epigastric or abdominal region, used with wu
yao, i.e. liu mo tang, used with xiao hui xiang, wu yao, nuan gan jian
– For rebellious qi wheezing of either the excessive or deficient type, or
vomiting, belching, or hiccough due to cold from deficiency of the
stomach or spleen, use with zi su ye, bai bian dou
– For asthma and wheezing due to kidney deficiency, used with bu gu zhi,
fu zi, zi su zi, hou po, qian hu
• Dosage: 1~1.5g, if used in decoctions, it should be added near the
end
Lignum Santati albi (Tan xiang)
• Taste and Property: acrid, warm, aromatic
• Meridian Tropism: Lung, spleen and stomach
• Actions: promotes the movement of qi and regulate
middle jiao, dispels cold and alleviates pain
• Application:
– For pain associated with stagnant qi due to cold in the chest and
abdomen
– Recently used in the treatment of coronary artery disease, for qi
stagnation and blood stasis pattern, used with dan shen, sha
ren, i.e. dan shen yin, used with mu xiang, ding xiang, i.e. su he
xiang wan
• Dosage: 2~5g
• Cautions & conintradications: can not use when there
is fire or significant yin deficiency
Bulbus Allii macrostemi (Xie bai)
• Taste and Property: acrid, warm, bitter
• Meridian Tropism: Lung, large intestine and stomach
• Actions: unblocks the yang qi and disperses turbid phlegm, directs
the qi downward and reduces stagnation
• Application:
– For cold-damp painful obstruction of the chest due to cold, turbid
phlegm congealing and stagnating in the chest where it prevents the
dissemination and flow of yang qi: chest, flanlk, or upper back pain,
dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and a stifling sensation in the chest, i.e. gua
lou xie bai ban xia tang
– For damp stagnation in the large intestine associated with dysenteric
disorder, used with chai hu, bai shao for dysenteric diarrhea due to qi
stagnation, used with qin pi, huang bai for red-and-white dysenteric
disorders.
• Dosage: 5~9g
• Cautions & conintradications: inappropriate for those with qi
deficiency and no significant qi stagnation, weak stomach
Fructus Citri sarcodactylis (Fo
shou)
• Taste and Property: acrid, warm, bitter
• Meridian Tropism: Lung, liver, spleen and stomach
• Actions: spreads and regulates the liver qi, harmonizes the
stomach and strengthens the spleen, transforms phlegm and stops
cough
• Application:
– For liver qi constraint leading to chest or hypochondrial pain or a stifling
sensation in the chest, this herb strongly promotes the movement of qi,
but its ability to alleviate pain is weak, used with xiang fu, yu jin to
soother liver
– For spleen and stomach qi stagnation with epigastric pain, fullness and
distention, lack of appetite, belching or vomiting, used with mu xiang, zhi
ke, qing pi
– For subacute or chronic cough with copious phlegm, used with pi pa ye
and si gua luo.
• Dosage: 3~9g
• Cautions & conintradications: used with caution in those with yin
deficiency with fire
Flos Rosae rugosae (Mei gui hua)
• Taste and Property: sweet, warm, slightly bitter
• Meridian Tropism: Liver and spleen
• Actions: promotes the movement of qi and relieves
constraint, harmonizes the blood and disperses stasis
• Application:
– For liver stomach disharmony with such symptoms as a stifling
sensation in the chest, pain and distention in the flanks and
epigastrium, belching and poor appetite, used with fo shou and
yu jin
– For irregular menstruation, premenstrual breast tenderness, and
menstrual pain due to blood stasis, used with dang gui, ze lan for
irregular menstruation, used with yi mu cao for mild
menorrhagia, also for blood stasis due to trauma, used with ji
xue teng and yan hu suo for pain due to blood stasis secondary
to trauma
• Dosage: 1.5~6g
Fructus Melia Toosedan (Chuan
lian zi)
• Taste and Property: bitter, cold, slightly toxic
• Meridian Tropism: bladder, liver, small intestine, stomach
• Actions: promotes the movement of liver qi, relieves constraint,
conducts heat out from below, kills parasites and stop pains
• Application:
– For a variety of symptoms from liver constraint, including pain in the
chest and ribs, distention and pain from liver/stomach disharmony, and
bulging disorders, used with yan hu suo (jin ling zi san) for intermittent
epigastric and hypochondriac pain, pain from bulging disorders, used
with gou qi zi, sheng di huang (yi guan jian) for liver and kidney yin
deficiency with liver qi stagnation
– Kills parasites and stops pain, used with bing lang and lei wan for the
pain associated with intestinal parasites
– Also used for topically in powder form for dermatosis of the scalp
• Dosage: 4.5~9g
• Cautions & conintradications: used with caution in those with cold
from deficiency of the spleen and stomach
Calyx kaki (Shi di)
• Taste and Property: bitter, astringent, neutral
• Meridian Tropism: Lung and stomach
• Actions: directs the qi downward and stops
hiccough
• Application:
– For belching or hiccough due to stomach dysfunction,
use in treating both hot and cold patterns, depending
on the other herbs with which it is combined, used
with ding xiang, sheng jiang for hiccough and
vomiting due to stomach cold, i.e. shi di tang, used
with zhu ru, lu gen for belching and vomiting due to
stomach heat
• Dosage: 3~12g
Formulas
• Formulas that promote the movement of qi:
– *Escape Restraint Pill (yue ju wan)
– Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction (ban xia hou po tang)
– Trichosanthes Fruit, Chinese Chive, and Wine Decoction (gua lou xie
bai bai jiu tang)
– Galangal and Cyperus Pill (liang fu wan)
– Melia Toosendan Powder (jin ling zi san)
– Top-quality Lindera Powder (tian tai wu yao san)
• Formulas that direct rebellious qi downward
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Perilla Fruit Decoction for Directing Qi Downward (su zi jiang qi tang)
Arrest Wheezing Decoction (ding chuan tang)
Four Milled-Herb Decoction (si mo tang)
Inula and Hematite Decoction (xuan fu dai zhe tang)
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction (ju pi zhu ru tang)
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction (ding xiang shi di tang)
Escape Restraint Pill (yue ju
wan)
Ingredients: Cang zhu, chuan
xiong, xiang fu, shan zhi zi, shen
qu
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Promotes the movement of qi and releases constraint
• Indications
– Focal distention and a stifling sensation in the chest
and abdomen, fixed pain in the hypochondria,
belching, vomiting, acid regurgitation, mild coughing
with copious sputum, reduced appetite and
indigestion.
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: Xiang fu
– Releases the constraint and disperses qi stagnation.
• Deputy: chuan xiong, cang zhu, shan zhi zi, shen qu
– Chuan xiong: releases constrained blood and resolves the fixed
pain
– Cang zhu: dries dampness and phlegm, releases the constraint
of dampness and phlegm and addresses the symptoms of focal
distention of the chest and copious sputum
– Shan zhi zi: clear heat from the three burners and resolves the
fire from constraint
– Shen qu: relieves constraint caused by food stagnation and
harmonizes the stomach
Pinellia and Magnolia Bark
Decoction (ban xia hou po tang)
Ingredients: ban xia, hou po, fu
ling, sheng jiang, zi su ye
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Promotes the movement of qi, dissipates clumps,
directs rebellious qi downward, and transforms
phlegm
• Indications
– A feeling of something caught in the throat that can
neither be swallowed nor ejected (plum-pit qi), a
stifling sensation in the chest and hypochondria, a
moist or greasy, white tongue coating, and a wiry,
slow or wiry, slippery pulse. There may also be
coughing and vomiting.
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: ban xia
– Transforms phlegm, dissipates clumps, directs rebellious qi
downward, and harmonizes stomach.
• Deputy: hou po, fu ling
– Hou po: eliminates the stifling, sensation and assists the chief
herb in dissipating the clumps and directing the rebellious qi
downward, reinforcing the main strategy of the formula
– Fu ling: leach out dampness and assists the chief herb in
transforming phlegm
• Assistant: sheng jiang,
– Helps the chief herbs to harmonize the stomach and thereby to
stop vomiting
• Envoy: zi su ye
– Helps focus the action of formula on the lung channel, and
relieves cough
Modifications
• Modifications:
– For severe cases of stagnant qi, add chai hu,
yu jin, xiang fu, qing pi
– For vomiting: add sha ren, bai dou kou, ding
xiang
– For chest pain: gua lou, xie bai
– For hypochondriac pain, add chuan lian zi,
yan hu suo
• Cautions & contraindictions:
– Yin deficiency
Liang Fu Wan (Galangal and
Cyperus Pill)
Ingredients: Xiang fu, Gao liang
jiang
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Warm the middle jiao, Dispel cold, Promote the
movement of qi and relieve pain
• Indications
– Epigastric pain that responds favorably to warmth, a
stifling sensation in the chest, hypochondriac pain,
painful menstruation and a white tongue coating.
Analysis of Formula
• Gao liang jiang: warm the stomach,
disperse cold
• Xaing fu: release the constraint and
disperse qi stagnation
Modern application and attention
• Modern application
– Chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer
• Attention
– Contraindicated in cases with heat in the liver
and stomach, or where there is bleeding.
Gua lou xie bai bai jiu tang
(Trichosanthes Fruit, Chinese
Chive, and Wine Decoction )
Ingredients: gua lou, xie bai, bai jiu
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Unblocks the yang, promotes the movement of qi,
and expels phlegm
• Indications
– Pain in the chest which often radiates to the upper
back, wheezing, cough with copious sputum,
shortness of breath, a thick, greasy tongue coating,
and a pulse that is either submerged and wiry or tight
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: gua lou
– Expels phlegm and unbinds the chest. It is particularly
useful in dispersing clumps of phlegm in the chest.
• Deputy: xie bai
– Warms and unblocks the yang, promotes the
movement of qi, and alleviates pain.
• Assistant: bai jiu
– Its ascending nature enhances the therapeutic
actions of xie bai and encourages the uninhibited flow
of yang
Modern application and attention
• Modern application
– Esophageal spasms, angina pectoris, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, intercostal
neuralgia, costochondritis, and
hyperventilation disorders
• Attention
– Not be used for cases of chest pain due to
lung consumption or phlegm-heat, nor should
it be used long-term .
Jin ling zi san (Melia
toosendan powder)
Ingredients: Chuan lian zi
suo
Yan hu
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Spread liver qi, drain heat, and alleviate pain
• Indications
– Intermittent epigastric and hypochondriac pain,
hernial pain, a red tongue with a yellow
coating, and a wiry or rapid pulse
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: Chuan lian zi
– clear heat and promote the movement of qi. It
thereby drain heat from the qi level and
alleviate pain .
• Deputy: Yan hu suo
– relieve pain by simultaneously promoting the
movement of qi and invigorating blood.
Modern application and attention
• Modern application
– Peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, hepatitis, and
cholecystitis
• Attention
– Use with caution during pregnancy.
Top-quality Lindera Powder
(tian tai wu yao san)
Ingredients: wu yao, mu xiang, xiao
hui xiang, qing pi, gao liang jiang, bing
lang, chuan lian zi, ba dou
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Promotes the movement of qi, spreads liver qi,
scatters cold, and alleviates pain
• Indications
– Hernia disorders due to stagnation of qi and cold:
lower abdominal pain radiating to the testicles, a plae
tongue with a white coating, and either a submerged
and slow or a wiry pulse
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: wu yao
– Promotes the movement of qi, disperses the constrained liver qi,
scatters the cold and thereby alleviates pain
• Deputy: xiao hui xiang, gao liang jiang, qing pi, mu xiang
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Xiao hui xiang: warms the lower burner and scatters cold
Gao liang jiang: scatters cold and alleviates pain
Qing pi: regulates the qi and disperses constrained liver qi
Mu xiang: promotes the movement of qi and alleviates pain
• Assistant: bing lang, jin ling zi, ba dou
– Bing lang: conducts the qi downward, removing stagnation and
breaking up solid obstructions in the lower burner
– Jin ling zi, dry-fry with ba dou: reduces bitter and cold properties
and strengthens the ability to soothe the liver
Modifications
• Modifications
– to enhance the overall effect of this formula,
add ju he, li zhi he
– For severe cold, add wu zhu yu and rou gui
– For blood stasis, add tao ren and hong hua
Perilla Fruit Decoction for
Directing Qi Downward (su zi
jiang qi tang)
Ingredients: Su zi 9-12g, Ban xia 69g, Dang gui 6-9g, Gan cao 3-4.5g,
Hou po 3-6g, Qian hu 6-9g, Rou gui
1.5-3g
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions
– Direct rebellious qi downward, arrest wheezing, stop
coughing and warm and transform phlegm-cold
• Indications
– Coughing and wheezing with watery, copious sputum,
a stifling sensation in the chest and diaphragm, and a
white sticky tongue coating.
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: su zi
– Direct rebellious qi downward, arrest wheezing, stop coughing and
warm and transform phlegm-cold
• Deputy: Ban xia, Hou po, Qian hu, chen pi
– Ban xia, Hou po, Qian hu: expel phlegm, stop cough, arrest wheezing
– Chen pi: move qi and expel phlegm
• Assistant: rou gui, dang gui
– Rou gui: warm the kidneys and restores their ability to grasp the qi
– Dang gui: regulate blood, prevent injury to the yin
• Envoy: sheng jiang, su ye, zhi gan cao, da zao
– Sheng jiang and su ye: disperse cold and improve circulation in the
lung.
– Zhi gan cao and da zao: harmonize the middle jiao, resolve the phlegm.
Modern application and attentions
• Modern application
– Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial
asthma and cardiac asthma
• Attentions:
– Inappropriate for treating lung qi deficiency
without externally-contracted pathogenic
influence and lung heat.
Arrest Wheezing Decoction
(ding chuan tang)
Ingredients: Yin xing 9g, Ma huang
9g, Su zi6g, Gan cao 3g, Kuan dong
hua 9g, Xing ren 4.5g, Sang bai pi 9g,
Huang qin 4.5g, Ban xia 9g
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions:
– Disseminate and redirect the lung qi, arrest wheezing,
clear heat and transform phlegm.
• Indications
– Coughing and wheezing with copious, thick and
yellow sputum, labored breathing, a greasy, yellow
tongue coating and a slippery, rapid pulse. There may
be simultaneous fever and chills.
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: ma huang, yin xing
– Ma huang: unblock the lung qi, arrest wheezing, and
release the exterior.
– Yin xing: transform phlegm
• Deputy: Ban xia, su zi, xing ren, kuan dong hua
– direct the rebellious qi downward, arrest wheezing,
expel phlegm
• Assistant: sang bai pi, huang qin
– drain heat from the lungs, arrest wheezing and stop
coughing.
• Envoy: gan cao
– Harmonize the other herbs
Modern application and attentions
• Modern application
– Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and
bronchiolitis
• Attentions:
– Inappropriate in cases of externally contracted
wind-cold without internal phlegm heat and
chronic asthma with qi deficiency and
deficient pulse.
Four Milled-Herb Decoction (si
mo tang)
Ingredients: ren shen, bing lang,
chen xiang, wu yao
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions:
– Promote the movement of qi, directs rebellious qi
downward, expands the chest, and dissipates clumps.
• Indications
– An irritable, stifling sensation in the chest and
diaphragm together with labored breathing, wheezing,
epigastric focal distention and fullness, and a loss of
appetite.
Analysis of Formula
• Wu yao
– Promotes the movement of liver qi to release
constraint
• Chen xiang
– Directs the smooth, downward flow of qi to stop the
wheezing
• Bing lang
– Promotes the movement of qi and transforms
stagnation to eliminate the irritable, stifling, and full
sensations
• Ren shen
– The strong, qi busting herbs can easily injure the qi,
ren shen can augment qi
Attentions
• Not be taken for long-term
Inula and Hematite Decoction
(xuan fu dai zhe tang)
Ingredients: xuan fu hua, dai zhe shi,
ban xia, sheng jiang, ren shen, zhi
gan cao, da zao
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions:
– Directs rebellious qi downward, transforms phlegm,
augments the qi, and augments the qi, and
harmonizes the stomach .
• Indications
– Unremitting belching, hiccough, regurgitation, nausea
or vomiting, hard epigastirc focal distnetion, a white
slippery tongue coating, and a wiry, deficient pulse.
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: xuan fu hua, dai zhe shi
– Xuan fu hua: drives the rebellious qi downward and dissolves the
phlegm
– Dai zhe shi: strongly suppresses the rebellious qi
• Deputy: Ban xia, sheng jiang
– Reinforce these actions by harmonizing the stomach and
directing the qi downward, dispelling the phlegm and dispersing
the focal distention
• Assistant: ren shen, da zao, zhi gan cao
– Work together to tonify the deficient qi and strengthen the spleen
and stomach. They support the middle qi and assistant in its
recovery and help protect it against further harm by the
dispersing properties of the other ingredients in the formula.
Modern application
• Modern application
– Functional stomach disorders, chronic
gastritis, gastroptosis, gastrectasis, peptic
ulcer, incomplete pyloric obstruction, morning
sickness, sequelae of meningitis, or Meniere’s
diseases
Tangerine Peel and Bamboo
Shavings Decoction (ju pi zhu ru
tang)
Ingredients: chen pi, zhu ru, ren shen,
sheng jiang, gan cao, da zao
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions:
– Directs rebellious qi downward, stops hiccough,
augments the qi, and clears heat.
• Indications
– Hiccough, nausea, dry heaves, or retching
accompanied by a tender, red tongue and a deficient,
rapid pulse. Also for vomiting resulting from debility
after a prolonged illness, or heat from deficiency of
the stomach
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: chen pi, zhu ru
– Chen pi: harmonizes the stomach and stops hiccough
– Zhu ru: clears heat, calms the stomach and stops
hiccough
• Deputy: ren shen, sheng jiang
– Ren shen: tonifies qi and complements the action of
chen pi
– Sheng jiang: harmonizes the stomach and stops
vomiting
• Assistant: da zao, zhi gan cao
– Tonify qi and harmonize the various actions of the
other herbs
Modern application and attentions
• Modern application
– Gastritis, incomplete pyloric obstruction,
morning sickness, post-surgical hiccough, or
functional vomiting
• Attentions:
– Not used for heat from excess or cold from
deficiency
Clove and Persimmon Calyx
Decoction (ding xiang shi di tang)
Ingredients: Ding xiang, shi di, ren
shen, sheng jiang
Actions and indications of the
formula
• Actions:
– Augments the qi, warms the middle burner, directs
rebellious qi downward, and stops hiccough.
• Indications
– Hiccough, belching, or vomiting with stifling sensation
in the epigastrium, focal distention of the chest, a pale
tongue with a white coating, and a submerged, slow
pulse
Analysis of Formula
• Chief: ding xiang and shi di
– Ding xiang: warms the stomach, dispels cold, and
directs the flow of qi downward, stopping the
hiccough and belching
– Shi di: stops hiccough and beching
• Deputy: sheng jiang
– Warms the stomach and directs rebellious qi
downward
• Assistant: ren shen
– Strongly augments the qi. It also prevents the
dispersing properties of the other herbs from further
injuring the normal qi.
Modern application
• Modern application
– Morning sickness, postoperative spasms of
the diaphragm, and neurological hiccough