Essential Understanding

SMART sheets The following are examples of ways

Essential Understanding

SMART sheets

The following is examples illustrate ways teachers and students have used various Essential Understanding SMART sheets.

PERSON

Martin Luther King, Jr.

CLEAR Person

is about someone who ...

provided great leadership to the Civil Rights movement to change America’s view and treatment of minorities African American man intelligent brave religious strategic leader good speaker minister risk-taker had human flaws like everyone else

Known for...

“I have a dream speech” Confronting George Wallace Leading nonviolent protests Inspiring others Being assassinated

x

Not known for… Don’t confuse with…

Malcomb X

who also was a CR leader, minister, brave, assassinated.

At first, he advocated forcing change by any means, including violence if necesary

Impact on our world

In US, civil rights of minorities are ensured by law His approach to changing social problems is modeled around world (S. Africa).

World this person is like (or not like)

Jimmy Carter

because...

he has also devoted his life to peace and improving social conditions of people in need

Knowledge c onnection: This person makes you think of...

Lincoln Memorial

Because...

that’s where MLK was standing when he made his famous “I have a dream” speech (I’ve been there!)

BELIEF

Socialism

CLEAR Belief © 2003 Edwi n Ell is www.GraphicOrg anizer s.com

Belief that the government exists to protect citizens and ensure equal health, wealth, and safety for all Belief that people require a government to control what everyone does to ensure basic needs.

Ways this belief is transformed into ACTIONS

Everyone pays a large part of their income (taxes) so the government can provide certain critical services (i.e., health care) equally to all citizens

basic features of the belief...

Government controls the economy, has many regulations, is primary employer

Key things LEADING to the belief

Resent toward rich, especially when 1% of population control 99% of the wealth.

Many sick, poverty, homeless, jobless Idealist writers that make socialism seem ideal

Knowledge c onnection: This belief makes you think of...

Food stamps

Key things MAINTAINING (or reinforcing) the belief

Gov. sponsored propaganda designed to make citizens like socialism. Citizens afraid to criticize gov. (fear they will loose their jobs) Many who were in great need live better

IMPACT (or results) of the belief

When a gov. gets too powerful, individual rights can be lost. Lack of competition results lower quality products & services, & lack of innovation Economy stagnates

CONTRASTING belief

CAPITALISM Belief that gov. control of economy should be minimal. Belief that competition results high quality goods & services, so people are better off

Because...

Food stamps is a way government can help people in need, but still have capitalism

PERSON Samuel Langhorne Clemens Also know as Mark Twain. He was an outstanding lecturer, world traveler, inventor, storyteller, and writer. Is notable because … Of his strong condemnation of racism!

Notable characters include: Tom Sawyer & Huck Finn

Cultural Background

Clemens grew in a time and place where owning human beings was a fact of life. His family and relatives owned slaves. He did not approve of it, and wrote a powerful novel about it.

Childhood Experiences

of the Mississippi River. He loved fishing, swimming, and dreaming up adventures for his gang of friends. He also spent time on his uncle’s farm in Missouri.

Education

He attended school in Hannibal, Missouri. Shortly after his father’s death he left school & was apprenticed to a local printer. In 1850, he got a job with the Hannibal Journal. He also worked as a riverboat pilot.

Endearing qualities

Likeable things about Twain’s sense of humor, generosity, and actions against social injustices are a few of his endearing qualities.

He wore a white suit every day because dark colors depressed him, and white colored clothing “enlivens the spirit”

Unique Characteristics, Skills, Abilities

He was a gifted public speaker, storyteller, and writer who used humor to entertain and focus on social injustices. He is also known as a miner, inventor, soldier, and riverboat pilot.

Negative qualities

Dislikeable things about I like everything about Mark Twain, especially the way he treated his children.

This person

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Caused this to happen Solutions to help end the economic crisis caused by the Depression Specific information about this person  Proposed the  “New Deal ” .programs to Congress that help with unemployment  Led the United States during World War II How and/or Why?

Examples of

New Deal Programs

AAA- Agricultural Adjustment Act WPA- Works Progress Admin.

TVA- Tennessee Valley Authority SSA- Social Security Act Specific information about what happened FDR sent Congress 15 proposals for new programs to deal with the nations economic problems.

The special session lasted about three months, and became known as the 100 days What was the person’s positive or negative impact on the world?

Some of FDR’s programs are still implemented and influencing-the U.S. economy.

PERSON

Judy Jester

Is about someone who ...

A first-grade teacher who tries to balance work, being a mother/grandmother, and fun time!!

    ALWAYS Words that always describe this person OR this person’s actions Spend too much money on school ”stuff” Love spending time with my grandchildren Enjoy a nice, relaxing meal at a good restaurant Like to work in my yard/garden        SOMETIMES Words that sometimes describe this person OR this person’s actions Cook Get caught up on grading papers Exercise/Walk Spend time with my friends Find a good bargain that makes me feel great Drive too fast (because I’m late) Change a flat tire        NEVER Words that never describe this person OR this person’s actions

Like to clean house

Eat liver Have enough time for myself Smoke Get enough sleep Get to the beach as often as I would like Get up when the alarm goes off (I hit the snooze at least once)

So what? What is important to understand about this?

Judy Jester is a middle-aged woman who is pulled in LOTS of directions and has trouble deciding which way to go!!

Famous Presidents of the United States \ Characteristic … Is a member of this group … Abraham Lincoln He was known for his honesty and integrity.

\ EXAMPLE of something notable this person did … A well know story tells of how he walked a great distance in the snow to return some change/money that was given to him by mistake.

Characteristic He believed that all men are created equal. He wrote the Gettysburg address.

Don’t confuse this person with … George Washington, the first President of the United States.

Characteristic He signed the Emancipation Proclamation to set the slaves free.

Somebody from today’s world this person is like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. because he was also brave and stood up for what he believed in. Explain why this person is remembered Abraham Lincoln is remembered because he was the President of the United States during the Civil War. He thought everyone in the United States should be free. He was brave enough to stand up for what he believed in.

Why I would like (or not like) to be like this person… I would like to be Abraham Lincoln because he was a great leader and president. He also had a lot of courage.

PERSON

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

He built one of the first microscopes

Ways to describe this person

Dutch drapery-maker Amateur Scientist Ordinary person with a lot of curiosity

Known for

Designing a simple microscope

Because …

His creation opened the door to a hidden world never before explored by man

Known for

Astounding other scientists

Because …

His 1676 letter to the Royal Society in London (the leading scientific group of that time) changed forever the way we look at the world

Known for

Animalcules

Because …

Anton van Leeuwenhoek called the microscopic organisms he saw in the drop of water he collected “animalcules”

WHO?

Women’s Rights Advocates

Probably view the person this way … PERSPECTIVES on a notable person Successful Politician Intelligent and Determined Shadowing her husband’s career Strong Female Role Model Progressive Important Person

Hillary Clinton

Why?

WHO?

Young Republicans

Probably view the person this way … Idealistic Critical of people who don’t think the way she does Outspoken Determined to run for president Why?

Because she is successful in a career that is dominated by men Because they find her politically Threatening and very different in her approaches to social changes

BELIEF

Socialism

CLEAR Belief © 2003 Edwi n Ell is www.GraphicOrg anizer s.com

Belief that the government exists to protect citizens and ensure equal health, wealth, and safety for all Belief that people require a government to control what everyone does to ensure basic needs.

Ways this belief is transformed into ACTIONS

Everyone pays a large part of their income (taxes) so the government can provide certain critical services (i.e., health care) equally to all citizens

basic features of the belief...

Government controls the economy, has many regulations, is primary employer

Key things LEADING to the belief

Resent toward rich, especially when 1% of population control 99% of the wealth.

Many sick, poverty, homeless, jobless Idealist writers that make socialism seem ideal

Knowledge c onnection: This belief makes you think of...

Food stamps

Key things MAINTAINING (or reinforcing) the belief

Gov. sponsored propaganda designed to make citizens like socialism. Citizens afraid to criticize gov. (fear they will loose their jobs) Many who were in great need live better

IMPACT (or results) of the belief

When a gov. gets too powerful, individual rights can be lost. Lack of competition results lower quality products & services, & lack of innovation Economy stagnates

CONTRASTING belief

CAPITALISM Belief that gov. control of economy should be minimal. Belief that competition results high quality goods & services, so people are better off

Because...

Food stamps is a way government can help people in need, but still have capitalism

BELIEF

What are specific parts of the belief?

Honor Killings

Killings committed by Muslim men against sisters, wives, daughters, or mothers suspected of straying from traditional rules of chastity and fidelity.

Who share in this belief?

Some Muslim men

Why do they believe it?

Muslim men feel as if the killings are justified because by doing so they restore honor to their families.

What actions do they take because of the belief?

Family members of the woman accused of straying from traditional rules of chastity and fidelity select a brother, cousin, and or both to carry out the killing.

How do others react to the belief?

Some members of the Muslin religion support and accept the practice of honor killings. Non-Muslin members believe the act of honor killings should be illegal.

How does the belief impact our world?

The belief and practice of honor killings is another extreme practice that creates divisions between the Muslin religion and other religions.

BELIEF

Citizens United Resisting Euthanasia, CURE Is about … A merica’s oldest network solely devoted to combating euthanasia, and defending your right to receive treatment, especially when care is critical Order Specific information about this belief

1

Founded in 1981, CURE is an international grassroots network of patient advocates from a wide range of professional, political and religious backgrounds bound together in a common cause: uncompromising opposition to euthanasia

2

CURE provides educational materials designed to alert others to the growing danger of euthanasia.

4

Educational Resources: “Brain Death”—The Hoax That Won’t Die : Whether you are classified as dead or alive depends on your attending physician’s concept of death. Euthanasia can be avoided by redefining death.

3

Educational Resources: “DaNgeR—DNA”: Because the alternative for a patient in cardiac arrest is death, assuming access to CPR for all who need it is vital, some elderly people and other people who might benefit from CPR do not receive it.

5

Educational Resources: Living Will—No! Will to Live—Yes!: the (Living) Will,” wrote the Washington Post’s B. d. Colen, “would authorize the murder of virtually anyone who filled out a Will, lost consciousness for a period of time, and would in some way be incapacitated on regaining consciousness.” So what? What is important to understand about this?

CURE is a large organization that has strong beliefs about how to define death. CURE opposes many widely accepted medical practices about Living Wills, and interpreting death. This is a fragile social belief that divides many citizens.

BELIEF People from other countries immigrating to US – GOOD or BAD?

DETAILS Continuous flow of immigrants into US from countries all over the world Some are legal (have permission from US to move here) and many more are illegal (come without permission) US is viewed as good place to move to because of its economic opportunities, freedoms, justice system & stable gov.

Why?

What this group wants others to believe about this belief

Immigration threatens the American way of life

Want you to believe that …

Immigration results in overpopulation, Immigrants contribute to traffic problems and other growth issues in cities and towns, Immigrants put too many challenges in the classrooms Allows immigration creates terrorists threats, and public health problems The notion that “immigrants help society” is a myth What this group wants others to believe about this belief Allowing immigration protects humans and benefits all The CIEJ is a group of American/Legal-resident families facing permanent separation due to the 1996 Immigration laws.

Want you to believe that …

Families are being destroyed, lives shattered, and children devastated because immigration laws:  Are too harsh  Unjustly characterize their families as undesirable and a danger to society.

 Threaten their legal residence Why?

This event …

Fredrick Douglas’ experiences as a slave Specific information about this Constant threat of having one’s family broken up Constant threat of violence against self, family, or friends Living in fear – fear of what happens if you run, fear of what happens if you stay, fear of what happen even if you escape Constant message that blacks were inferior to whites, and were more like animals than humans How and/or Why?

Articulate, highly intelligent x slave begins speaking out against slavery Transformed a largely emotional issue (e.g., “Isn’t it sad the way slaves are treated?”) to an intellectual issue (the immorality of slavery). Big disconnect between derogation of and US black man as a slave living in US vs. “All men are created equal” phrase in Declaration if Independence His ability to articulate ideas and debate them more effectively than most white people forced others to respect him and his message about slavery

Caused This event …

“Truths” about black people revealed as myths Specific information about what happened Many beliefs about blacks were challenged MYTH: Blacks need others to make decisions for them; TRUTH: Blacks usually ran plantations and made the major decisions needed MYTH: Blacks prefer life as slave because of reduced stress: TRUTH: Many slaves were willing to sacrifice their lives for a chance at freedom MYTH: Blacks lack higher-order thinking skills.

TRUTH: Many slaves couldn’t read because law prohibited teaching reading to them MYTH: Blacks are more like animals than humans TRUTH: Blacks often forced to live like animals; What was the positive or negative impact on the world?

Fredrick Douglas helped the anti-slave movement gain momentum, this caused increase support for Lincoln’s antislavery campaign, and this eventually led to his election. Lincoln becoming elected caused southern states to withdraw from US. In an attempt to preserve the Union, Lincoln went to war. War resulted in freedom for slaves. Freed-blacks still treated very badly by racists across the country.

EVENT

Firing on Ft. Sumter

is an important ev ent bec ause...

CLEAR Event first shot of the American Civil War, creating a point-of-no-return for nonviolently resolving conflicts between the North and South.

Ways to des cribe this event

Ft. Sumter was built by the Union forces and is located on an island in Charleston Bay. Southerners fired cannons at it until the Union forces surrendered. The excitement it created in the South and the resulting anger of the North led to war.

Key things LEADING to the event

Years of angry debate about slavery --> Lincoln elected --> southern states start withdrawing from Union to form their own country (Confederacy)

Key things that happened DURING the event

Southerners wanted the weapons inside the fort so they demanded the North surrender it. They refused. No one knows which side fired first. After a brief battle, North surrendered the fort.

Key things RESULTING from the event

Lincoln couldn’t let south get away with what happened, so he sent Union ships to Charleston to try to retake the fort. This event led to war between Confederacy and the Union.

Impact on our world

The

today

Civil War ended slavery, but it took another 100 years to secure and protect the rights of African Americans.

Knowledge c onnection: This event makes you think of...

The large amount of men who died during the war

Because...

There were many huge battles where thousands of men were killed in a single day.

CLEAR Event

Then this caused these … Women were asked and expected to engage in typical male jobs such as: welders, electricians, mechanics, and auto assembly line workers Lack of male laborers during World War II Additional jobs included shipbuilders, ammunition specialists; seamstress’s making everything from uniforms to tents, medical workers, and clerical workers.

During the war the six million women workers narrowed the wage gap between men and women Caused this to happen EVENT Domestic Need for Women Labors during and after World War II Caused this to happen Males return to the work force after World War II Then this caused these … Americans doubted that the economy could accommodate six million new women workers along with millions of returning veterans once wartime production had ceased.

With the shadow of the depression still hovering and anxiety over Unemployment a universal response to solve the problem was pushed onto women. War time duty to produce goods needed for victory was replaced with postwar obligation to withdraw from the labor force. In 1950 women earned 53% of what men did.

IDEA

Freedom of Speech

Is about…

People being free to express themselves without fear of being punished by the government Words that describe the idea … Express beliefs, concerns, opinions, objections, creativity, support, criticism. etc.

Key things ASSOCIATED with this idea Ways idea is transformed into ACTIONS Don’t CONFUSE this idea with … IMPACT of the idea then and/or now Bill of rights Democracy ACLU No free of speech =Tyranny Freedom of the press Must factual or an opinion This idea makes you think of … People criticizing elected official on TV Politicians criticizing each other during an election The Presidential election Speech that causes harm to others •Yelling “fire” in a movie theater when there isn’t one •An untruth that results in harm to lost opportunities Protects our democracy by promoting communication Lack of this freedom allows tyrants to murder anyone who opposes them (Sadam Hussein) Knowledge Connections Because … Allowed us to express why we for or against candidates with fearing what would happen to us

CLEAR Connections

RELATE to the real world R

eveal why this idea is important

Gandhi’s peaceful resistance

Nonviolent ways to change unfair policies or laws Draws attention to the injustice

X

E

Why the idea or similar ideas SHOULD be part of today’s world Always resist, but nonviolently valuate this idea’s value to our society

AND / OR

Often met by opposition with violence Why the idea or similar idea SHOULD NOT be part of today’s world Reasoning Slowly forces gov. to examine conscience & make changes Taking the “high road” Makes you look morally right Makes violent opposition look morally wrong

L

ist examples of actions this idea results in Examples from the lesson MLK- Civil Rights Movement Selma-Montgomery March Real-world examples of similar kinds of actions Refusing to pay taxes to protest wasteful spending Protesters holding signs outside the white house

A

nalyze reactions Ways our society tends to PROMOTE similar kinds of ideas

AND / OR

X

Ways our society tends to PREVENT similar kinds of ideas Reasoning TV news media likes to focus on violent or rude protests because it brings in the ratings

T

his idea makes you think of … because … Taking your time cleaning bedroom when your parents make you do it You hope they eventually give up on nagging you to clean your room

E

xplain how our world might be different if this idea had never existed Our world would probably more violent than ever and not as many positive changes in society would have happened – might still be living under “Jim Crow” laws

PLACE New York City Is about a place where … Terrorist targeted because of its cultural, economic, and political significance © 2004 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com

Factors that

INFLUENCED

actiion’s “players” to be here Major economic center Twin Towers targeted tallest buildings in N.Y. Towers had about 12 million square feet of rentable office space Towers were a major trade center for the U.S. Thousands worked or visited the towers daily during business hours Notable

ACTIONS

that occurred at this place Terrorists hijacked commercial jets and used them as bombs to destroy Twin Towers Actions caused massive destruction and loss of lives Heroic actions of firefighters, policemen, emergency management workers, medical staff and local citizens National & Global support

IMPACT

of what happened at this place on the world War on terrorism Loss of lives, destruction of property, and loss of jobs So what? What is important to understand about this place?

Economic significance of the towers & N.Y. made the sight a perfect place to insult the American people and wreck havoc on US economy

PLACE Hoover Dam, Nevada Is about a place where … The Hoover Dam, a historic landmark, was completed in 1935 What happened at this place that made it notable?

Construction began in 1931, when the project was called the Hoover Dam in honor of the president who was instrumental in pushing the plan. At a cost of $200 million, the construction-project provided jobs for over 4,000 men and inspired American pride at the creative potential of public workers Who were the key persons or groups of people who were involved in what happened at this place?

Presidents Hoover & Roosevelt Thousands of laborers such as: former sailors, Native Americans, welders, grease-men, blacksmiths, pipefitting, cement finishers, and others built the dam What drew these people to this place before the notable event happened?

Employment drew men to the project. It was challenging and dangerous work.

What happened to these people after the notable event happened?

On-the-job accidents killed 96 of the dam workers. Others died from heat exhaustion, pneumonia, or heart trouble. Workers smeared coal tar on their cloth hats, and let it harden to protect their heads from falling rocks. How did the place change as a result of what happened there?

The design turned the Colorado River into Lake Mead, which stretches over 100 miles. The massive dam provides public services of flood control, hydroelectric power, & water for crops and people throughout the Southwest. From the Las Vegas strip to the suburban expanses of Phoenix & Los Angeles, Americans today switch on lights, water their lawns, & eat irrigated crops thanks to the Hoover Dam.

PLACE

Harper’s Ferry

CLEAR Place © 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizer s.com

is an important plac e bec ause...

violent conflict that took place there heightened the passions of both anti- and pro slavery advocates Virginia hills small army fort (armory) near a relatively small town called Harper’s Ferry

Important actions that took place here

John Brown & his men raided the armory to steal weapons Tried to start a slave rebellion, but failed town named Harper’s Ferry because guy named Harper had a ferry there to take people across the river

Why these actions were important

Raid & trial = national attention Stirred everything up - cause both sides are get very hostile and ready

Impact on our world

Led to Civil War ...end to slavey.

Brown’s method same as Malcolm X during early Civil Rights movement... (use violence, if necessary to force social change)

X

Not known for...

DonÕt confuse with...

Martin Luther King, Jr. used opposite approach during Civil Rights movement to end unfair practices (use peaceful resistance to force social change)

Knowledge c onnection: This place makes you think of...

famous picture of John Brown in the wind

Because...

Brown was portrayed as a national hero standing up to face tyranny

PROBLEM

U.S. Unions Threatened

Is about …

Why Union membership is dropping in the U.S.

Loss of Jobs

Part of the Problem

Changing Labor Market

Part of the Problem

Outsourcing

Job loss in manufacturing, construction, hotels, restaurants, and the airlines Since, 2001, the U.S. has lost 1.85 million manufacturing jobs 1991-4 million union members in manufacturing 2005-fewer than 2.5 million New Technology, such as computer & robots, has replaced some workers Growing number of workers who work part-time More women and teenage workers These workers tend to have a negative view of unions Service sector of economy is growing while manufacturing section is shrinking Management offering employees wages and working conditions similar to union shops So what? What is important to understand about this problem?

Many large corporations outsource, or send work to other countries for cheaper labor Financial services co. predict 500,000 U.S. jobs will leave U.S. in the next 5 years U.S. technology firms pay foreign countries $10 billion a year to handle data entry, analysis etc.

Overseas workers are generally paid less than Americans

Significant THEORY

Plate Tectonics

Point in time the theory emerged and/or became influential By the 1960’s Why was this theory important?

Pate tectonics theory provided a framework for understanding causes of volcanoes, earthquakes, and other processes of physical earth; this led to instruments that allow scientist to predict earthquakes and volcanoes, and thus warn people of the coming danger. Someone Who Lived THEN Scientist living before the theory How this individual might have viewed the theory at that time Many believed the earth’s crust consisted on one solid mass that had varying degrees of thickness. They thought that thinner crusted areas were more likely to have volcanoes and earth quakes. Scientists had very poor ability predict volcanoes or earthquakes. Someone Who Lives NOW Scientist living after the theory How this individual might view the theory now Evidence of continental drift and ocean-floor spreading, convinced scientists that the earth’s crust consisted of giant plates that slowly moved. As they collide and push against each other, they cause earth quakes and volcanoes. Mountains are caused by one plate pushing another up. Continents are parts of plates seen above ocean surface, and they very slowly change shape as plates move around .

THEORY Plate Tectonics Is about a theory that … Explains the movement of Earth’s crust and its affect on life © 2004 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.co

m Factors that

INFLUENCED

the development of this theory

ACTIONS

that result from the theory

IMPACT

of this theory on the world Overwhelming evidence for continental drift and spreading of ocean floors Volcanoes & earthquakes occurring in patterns and along lines in different areas of planet Scientists identified seven different plates. Devices were invented that measured vibrations in earth’s surface and movement of plates. These devices led to invention of warning networks that alert people that a volcano is about to erupt or that a tsunami may be coming Evidence that mountains were formed by something pushing them up from the earth’s crust So what? What is important to understand about this theory?

So what? What is important to understand about this theory?

Theory completely changed our understanding of how continents are formed and change over time. It explained a array of physical processes such as why earthquakes and volcanoes occur and how landforms develop. We can now predict where minerals are most likely to be found (i.e., oil). Theory of Plate Tectonics helps scientist to understand the continuing evolution of Earth’s surface and how it affects the evolution of Earth’s living things.

REAL world connections

Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

R eveal key features

Topic : Gist:

cloning

Duplicating genes to produce an exact replica of a living thing Sample of genes taken from tissue of living or dead plant, animal or insect Essential Features Animal genes inserted in tissue, then inserted into host “mom” animal’s womb Plants & animals have been cloned. Possible to clone people, but none done yet

E valuate its value to our world

Why this idea SHOULD be part of today’s world

AND / OR

X

Why this idea SHOULD NOT be part of today’s world

Reasoning … Violates natural process of combining male/female genes creates constantly changing life forms – causes evolution of life promotes adaptation to changing environments

A nalyze reactions X

Ways people cause this topic to occur more

AND / OR

X

Ways people prevent this topic from occurring

Reasoning … Scientists constantly seeking new ways of manipulating & controlling environment Some governments create laws that prohibit cloning of humans

L ist background knowledge or experiences related to this topic

Some scientists in Great Britain cloned a sheep. Makes me think of old science fiction horror movies - may come true!

ISSUE

Global Child Labor

WHAT IS THE ISSUE?

WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?

WHO IS IT AN ISSUE FOR?

© 2004 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com

Many young children are hired to work long hours at dangerous jobs for low wages Daily, thousands of children are chained to machines, handling chemicals, & forced to work U.S. Children must attend school until the age of 16. Labor Laws protect U.S. children Child labor still exists in poorer countries where some children are in slavery or bondage Some countries forcibly recruit children to serve in armed conflicts The sale or trafficking of children, as well as child prostitution or pornography still exists Mostly children in poorer countries Immigrant children Children living in poverty are prime targets in any country

POLICY REAL - world connections R eveal key features

Policy Gist of why this policy is notable

Separation of church & state

Keeps democratic government from becoming a theocracy Specific things about this policy Doesn’t prohibit belief in God Does prohibit government to favor one religion over another Gov. funded agencies (i.e., public schools) cannot promote a religion

E valuate this policy’s value to our world

X

Why we SHOULD value this policy’s impact on today’s world

Reasoning … AND / OR Keeps democratic government from becoming a theocracy

Why we should NOT value this policy’s impact on today’s world

A nalyze reactions

Ways people have reacted POSITIVELY this policy to

Reasoning … AND / OR

Ways people have reacted NEGATIVELY this policy to

L ist background knowledge or experiences related to this policy

PROCESS

photosynthesis

CLEAR process © 2003 Edwin Ell is www.Gr aphicOrganizers.com

Ways to des cribe this process .. .

Chloroplasts in leaf traps energy from sunlight and then manufactures chlorophyll.

Transpiration causes water to be sucked up into plant and leaves. Leaf mixes chlorophyll with water. Leaf pulls carbon dioxide from air entering through stomata in leaf and expels oxygen back into air; Leaf adds carbon dioxide to the mixture to produce sugary plant food.

Factors that affect this process

Drought reduces water available to plant, so it can’t manufacture food, dries up, and dies.

Bigger plants block sunlight, so plant can’t manufacture food. It stays small or dies.

Things the process affects

Process allows plant to live and grow. Byproduct oxygen produced by plant allows animals (and us!) to breath

Knowledge connec tion: This proc ess makes you think of...

spinach

Impact on our world

Every plant from algae to giant redwood trees constantly supply the world with oxygen. Animals’ breathing produces carbon dioxide plants need. Animals & plants mutually benefit.

This process is like ...

(metaphor or simile)

Like making cupcakes. Add water & heat energy to cupcake mix, add icing = sugary people food.

Because...

spinach is a the greenest plant I can think up, so it must produce a lot of oxygen.

PROCESS

PLANS writing strategy

Way s t o des cribe this proc es s . ..

P

review words to use.

L

ist ideas on a think-sheet.

A

ssign numbers to indicate order.

N

ote ideas in complete sentences following your plan.

S

earch for errors and correct them.

Factors that affect this process

Knowledge of the topic the author is writing about (less knowledge = harder to write about) How hard the author tries to write well.

Things the process affects

Makes it easier to write essays.

Essays are more organized and ideas are expressed more clearly.

Impact on our world

Authors who use the PLANS strategy tend to score higher on writing tests and essay questions.

CLEAR process © 2003 Edwi n Ell is www.GraphicOrganizer s.com

This process is like ...

(metaphor or simile)

Following a step-by step recipe when cooking a great dinner.

Knowledge c onnection: This process makes you think of...

Mrs. Smith

Because...

She always made us write in her class.

THING Tactics used in industry to achieve change Is about … Tactics that labor and management use against each other Tactics labor can use against management Picketing- a way informing the public about conditions Closed shop- a business closed to nonunion workers Boycott-refusal to buy a product or service Strike-refusal to work until demands are met Tactics management can use against labor Hire strikebreakers replacement workers known as scabs Lockout-close the doors & keep workers until they agree Injunctions- getting the courts to order workers back to work Open shop-workers can work without joining the union © 2004 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Labor Relations Consultant Hired by employers wanting to maintain good relations Often serve as a link between workers & management Often work with human resources employees Long-term or short-term work depends on needs of co.

THING Tacoma Narrows Bridge Is about … A bridge built in Tacoma, Washington in 1940.

Factors that

INFLUENCED

this thing to be formed Leon Moisseiff planned to build a bridge across the Puget Sound, to connect the port of Tacoma to the Olympic Peninsula. The bridge would cut travel to the Olympic Peninsula by an hour.

In 1840 no one had ever built a bridge that long

ACTIONS

people take because of the thing Moisseiff planed to build a bridge 72 times longer than it was wide; he developed his plan based on studies of the traffic in the Tacoma area.

Professor F. B. Farquharson, a wind expert at the University of Washington helped to design the bridge. He placed models of the bridge in wind tunnels to test the design. Wind tunnels were a new invention at the time. The long two land bridge was much lighter than a four lane of the same length, making it roll and tilt © 2004 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com

IMPACT

of this thing on the world After completion, designers knew there was something unusual about the bridge—it moved more than most suspension bridges.

It opened on July 1

Galloping Gertie

On Nov. 7 th st , 1940 Driving across the bridge was like riding a roller coaster.

The bridge was nicknamed: , 1940, winds were blowing at 43 mph, & having a strong effect on the bridge. The bridge’s gentle rolling turned violent & it began to twist back and forth. At 11:10 in the morning the first section fell into the Puget Sound.

So what? What is important to understand about this?

Fortunately no human lives were lost when Galloping Gertie fell apart. The bridge fell because it was so long & narrow, the design called for metal strips called plate girders instead of heavy trusses, and the wind tunnel testing had not been sufficient. Moisseiff accepted the blame for the disaster, but many problems occurred because science galloped ahead of safety.

The Sun

ALWAYS

Stays in the same place Gives us energy Helps some part of the earth A star Hot

Is about … The Center of our Solar System

SOMETIMES

It disappears Day & Night We cannot see the sun during the day Solar Eclipse Stormy Weather It seems hotter Seasonal changes Makes the clouds colorful

Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com

NEVER

Moves Is close to the earth Cold A planet Safe to look directly at the sun

So what? What is important to understand about this?

The Sun is a star, the center of the solar system, and important for life on earth.

Butterflies

Is about … The METAMORPHOSIS of Butterflies

BEFORE …

The female butterfly lays about 500 eggs

ALWAYS SOMETIMES

Words that sometimes describe this topic Takes 3 to 5 days for the eggs to hatch The egg must become a caterpillar/larva, and chrysalis/pupa before becoming a butterfly Stormy weather, and other disasters keep eggs from hatching The larva stage can last 12 to 18 days In the spring

NEVER

Words that never describe this topic Eggs will not hatch if the environment is unhealthy Allow kids and adults to over handle the caterpillar or chrysalis

What caused the things to change?

A process called metamorphosis caused each change to take place

AFTER …

ALWAYS

Words that always describe this topic 4-winged adult lives 2 weeks uses proboscis to eat nectar 3 main body parts 6 legs female lays eggs so cycle continues

SOMETIMES

Words that sometimes describe this topic The adult butterfly does not live for 2 weeks Nature and people cause the butterfly to live a shorter life

NEVER

Words that never describe this topic Develop without going through each cycle Live a healthy life if people disturb their homes Live much longer than 2 weeks

THING

Weather Shack

Basic features of the THING …

It serves as a weather station for gathering data in remote locations

Actions people take because of the thing

Twice a day the instruments in the weather shack are read & recorded, & info sent to a National Climatic Data Centers, monthly PROBLEMS the thing was designed to solve Weather patterns Weather predictability Running Records of highs and lows over long periods of time Why some people value the thing Many people who participate in the Weather Station project have done so for generations It is not unusual for a family to record data for a hundred years or more passing the job down from family member to family member Why some people don’t value the thing Upkeep of the shack and the instruments can be a hassle Checking the instruments each day at the same time restricts the activities of the family The monthly report to the National Climatic Data Center takes several min.

Limitations of’ the thing The weather conditions being reported are for a limited geographical area Human error when reading or recording findings from the instruments can cause incorrect data reporting This thing makes you think of … When my family was forced to raise a litter of orphaned puppies Knowledge Connections Because … It happened during the summer and we had to plan all our activities around the puppy feeding schedule.