Transcript Slide 1

What are the main characteristics of a CBD?
How many characteristics of a CBD can you spot in the
next four slides?
What typical
characteristics
of a CBD are
shown here?
The Tallest Buildings
Why?
Public Buildings eg. Corn
Exchange / Town Hall
Busy – lots of pedestrians
Markets
Purpose built shopping
centres providing
undercover shopping
experience
Big Department Stores and
National Chain Stores –
why?
What typical
characteristics
of a CBD are
shown here?
What typical
characteristics
of a CBD are
shown here?
Some of the oldest
buildings
Historic/ old street pattern –
often some narrow streets
Public Buildings eg. Corn
Exchange / Town Hall
Very accessible – public
transport & traffic
management required
due to congestion.
Entertainment – e.g.
restaurants
Entertainment e.g. pubs
What typical
characteristics
of a CBD are
shown here?
Entertainment e.g. cinemas
(although increasingly these are
moving further out of town)
Urban land use: Zone 1
• CBD = Central Business District
• The CBD is at the heart of a town or city
and usually has great accessibility, large
shopping and banking areas, and
government buildings
Traffic Restrictions e.g. pedestrian areas
(like Commercial Rd)
Land has very high value
- due to lack of space and
competition for land
Many National Chain stores
(attract larger numbers of
customers + can afford the
high land cost/rent - e.g. M&S;
WHS; Topshop
Little/ No Residential
because so
expensive, maybe
some flats above
Historical buildings (e.g.
shops
museums, castles, etc.)
Characteristics
of a CBD
•Many have covered
shopping centres
(e.g. Cascades)
Entertainment restaurants, clubs,
etc
Old Core - often narrow
streets / historical core
(e.g. Old Portsmouth)
• Banks, building
societies, Estate
Agents – where they
can receive more
customers
Government buildings
(e.g. councils)
-Very Accessible - major rail
and road routes (often find
public transport stations meet
here - e.g. railway stations / bus
stations)
THE INNER CITY (ZONE 2)
Also known as the Twilight or Transition
Zone
Zone 2 of the Urban Land-use Model – THE INNER CITY
Typical aerial view of an Inner City Area
Typical style of housing in the Inner City
When and Why did Inner City Areas Grow up?
• Developed during the 19th century –
due to rapid expansion of industry (led
to the demand for workers)
• As more moved to the cities – there
was a demand for low cost houses for
the workers
• This resulted in high-density cheap
housing (fitting as many houses as
possible in a small area
• People had to live close to work due
to lack of transport
What types of land-use are found in Inner City
areas?
19th Century Terraced Housing
Canals and Railways
Industry – large factories built during the
industrial revolution (now some knocked
down / converted)
Main Roads (often now ring roads
taking traffic out of CBDs)
Typical Characteristics of Inner City Areas
• High Density Housing
• Mainly terraced (some back to back)
• Built in Long Straight Rows
• Front doors opening onto the street
• Few Amenities (little or no sanitation (often
built with toilet in Back Yard
• Mainly Ethnic Minorities, students, older
people and unemployed (lower income
groups)
• Mainly private / rented
Problems in Inner City Areas (since 1950s / 1950s)
1. Industrial Decline (see other notes)
6. Overcrowding
2. High unemployment
7. Lack of Open Space
3. Abandoned Warehouses – eyesore
and led to vandalism
8. Lack of Parking Spaces
4. High Crime Rates
5. Poor Quality Housing
9. Atmospheric Pollution (factories /
traffic)
10. Lots of heavy traffic (for industry)
Zone 2: Inner City
What is the Inner City?
The Inner City is the land-use zone around the
city centre, it is also known as the twilight zone
or zone of transition.
When did the Inner City grow up?
Inner city areas grew up in the 19th century as
towns increased rapidly due to the Industrial
Revolution. This led to the growth of factories
and low-cost terraced housing around what is
now the city centre.
High density 19th
Century housing and
manufacturing.
Social Problems - high crime rates,
above average concentrations of lowincome citizens
Housing is usually
linear, back to back and
terraced
crowded areas
with little open
space
Front doors open
straight on to the
pavement
No front or back
gardens (just a small
back yard)
Characteristics of
the Inner City
Population density in the inner
city is very high as houses
have been squeezed in.
This area tends to
be run down unless
housing has been
redeveloped
factories providing
employment for
residents
Land values are lower
than those in the CBD.
However, they still
remain high. Houses
are cheaper to buy /
rent
INNER AND OUTER SUBURBS
Reasons for Growth of the Suburbs
1. Better public transport and
increased car ownership meant
people could separate work from
where they live.
2. Building societies provided
mortgages making it easier to buy
homes
3. People were better off and looking for
a better living environment.
RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
This has lead to conflict due to different land-uses wanting
to locate here (see diagram for examples)
Land use in cities
Land use zones.
Recap Qs
On paper, sketch the diagram + label the 5
zones from memory.
Outer Suburbs
Inner City/
Twilight Zone
Industrial
Zone
CBD
Inner Suburbs
Recap Qs
1) Which is the oldest part of the city?
2) What does ‘CBD’ stand for?
3) In which zone would you expect to find
small terraced housing?
4) Why are there not many detached
houses with drives near the CBD?
1. Leisure and
entertainment
facilities
2. Large detached
houses with
garages
5. Shops and
Offices
6. Semi-detached
houses with
gardens
9. High-rise flats
may now replace
some run-down
areas
10. Parks and
open spaces
13. Tall high
density buildings
17. Some garages
3. Very few
driveways
4. Most expensive
houses
7. Newest
8. Grew in
response to
increased car
ownership
11. Lots of public
transport links
12. Oldest
14. Cheapest
housing
15. Land is
cheaper
16. Terraced
housing
18. Modern outof -town shopping
centres
19. High-value
land
20. Industry +
factories
Match it up!
• Colour code the statements to fit the 5
categories:
CBD – Inner City/Twilight Zone – Industrial
Zone – Inner Suburbs – Outer Suburbs
• Remember to use a key
1. Leisure
Leisure and
and
1.
entertainment
entertainment
facilities
facilities
2. Large
Large
2.
detached houses
houses
detached
with garages
garages
with
5. Shops and
Offices
6. SemiSemi6.
detached houses
houses
detached
with gardens
gardens
with
9. High-rise
High-rise
9.
flats may
may now
now
flats
replace some
some
replace
run-down areas
areas
run-down
10. Parks and
open spaces
13. Tall
Tall high
high
13.
density buildings
buildings
density
14. Cheapest
housing
15. Land is
cheaper
16. Terraced
housing
17. Some
garages
18. Modern
Modern outout18.
of -town
-town
of
shopping centres
centres
shopping
19. High-value
High-value
19.
land
land
20.
20.Industry
Industry+
factories
3. Very few
driveways
4. Most
expensive houses
7. Newest
Newest
7.
8. Grew in
response to
increased car
ownership
11.
public
Lots of
transport
links
12. Oldest