Transcript Module 1: understanding disability

Training Kit : Personalised Social Support 2012
Module 1:
Understanding Disability
Shirin Kiani and Annie Lafrenière
(Technical Resources Division)
Handicap International
2012
Overview
1. What is disability?
2. Disability models
3. DCP-
4. ICF-
disability creation process
international classification of functioning
5. Language and disability
What is disability?
What creates disability?
Key words
•
•
•
•
•
Impairment
Person
Environment
Participation
Disability
Impairment vs. Disability
Disability is different from an impairment.
Impairment: It is a problem with a body
function or structure.
Disability: When someone cannot perform their
life habits, because of the negative impact of
their environment and/or their personal
abilities.
*Life habits = daily activities or roles that are
very meaningful to the person in their culture.
2 factors to consider :
PERSON & ENVIRONMENT
1. personal factors - due to different risk
factors the health condition/personal abilities of the
person get worse and causes them to do less =
disability
2. environmental factors - the people
around the person are difficult/unhelpful or the
physical space is inaccessible = disability
Disability Models:
different ways of seeing disability
4 main models believe…
Charity Model:
“We feel SORRY FOR YOU… let us give
you something”
Medical Model:
“There is something WRONG WITH YOU…
let us fix you”
Social Model:
“There is something WRONG WITH
SOCIETY let society change to be more
inclusive”
Rights based model: “The problem is a human rights issue …
we MUST find ways to ADDRESS IT”
Charity model… addresses this
Medical model… addresses this
Social model… addresses this
Right-based model… addresses this
The human development model +
evolution of disability models, brought =
DCP Disability Creation
Process
Disability Creation Process
(DCP)
© RIPPH/SCCIDIH 1998
Please give as many examples of:
• Personal factors
– Personal abilities or bodily abilities
• Environmental factors
– Physical
– Social (political, economic, cultural)
• Activity of daily living / social roles
Example
the DCP applied to the participation of 1
individual in 1 daily living activity
Robert, 8 years old
Environment
modern
Environmentin
in acountry
sidecity
Risk Factor
No vaccination
CatchCause
polio virus
-• Good
paths,
Difficult
roads public building
• accessible
Public
building unaccessible
Environment
People think
thatabout
kids with
polio are
-• People
know
polio
bewitched
- -Physical
Good
economic conditions
•-Social
Parents are scared to send their child
- Parents
to schoolwilling to send their
-Economical
to schoolconditions
• child
Bad economical
No educationsystem
system for
-• Education
forChildren
Children
with disability
with
disability
Impairment
Paralysis
Body
of the leg
Function
Cannot
walk
anymore
Interaction
Daily
Going
livingtoactivities
school
Solutions
Problem
in
in Daily
Daily life
life
Social participation
or
Disability / /
No
Participation
participation
Exclusion
Inclusion
Example
The DCP applied to a group of people, for
general social participation
Disaster
Create
new risk
Risk Factors
Causes
of disability
Environment
Destroy:
-Environment
-Natural (Physical)
-Social
-Social Pattern
-Economical
-Economical conditions
Increase Impairment
problems in the body
- Basic needs
Problem in
Problem in the
- Specific needs
the Body
Fonctions
Interaction
Create / Increase
Disability /Exclusion
Daily living activities
the ICF
International classification of functioning
The ICF model
Health Condition
(disorder/disease)
Body
function&structure
(Impairment)
Activities
(Limitation)
Environmental
Factors
Participation
(Restriction)
Personal
Factors
Example of using the ICF model
Sara’s ICF model
Macular
Health
Condition
degeneration )
(disorder/disease
Body
Visual
function&structure
impairment
(Impairment)
Activities
Can
walkwalking
alone in
Difficulty
Certain
community
(Limitation)
around
areasalone
community
Environmental
Factors
of Braille
GoesLack
to neighboring
city to
learn
white cane training,
equipment/trainers
alphabet.
or basic
whiteBraille
cane
trainers.
Starts
Participation
Does to
notattend
go outsocial
to
events
and make
social
events,
school
(Restriction)
friends
or
prayeragain
hall
Personal
Factors
Gets counselling from peer
Mentor,
reduces sadness
Shy, fearful
and sadand
fear and increase confidence
Language and disability
Can our language create
disability?
Does language matter?
• What difference does it make how we speak of someone
who has a disability?
• Do the words we use show how we think about someone
with a disability?
• Can changing our words change our way of thinking?
Ex: Do these two statements sound different to you?
Sara is disabled OR
Sara is a teacher and she has a disability
People first language
• People are much more than just their
disabilities, they have jobs, families, lives,
feelings, thoughts, achievements that may
have nothing to do with their disability. People
first words (language) shows this:
• A person …. who uses a wheelchair
• A person …. with a mental illness
• A child … who is deaf
It’s your turn
Who has the disability? Who has the
impairment?
True or False?
1. Disability level can change
2. Someone can have an impairment
(problem with a body part/function)
and not have a disability.
3. Two people can have the same
impairment (e.g. amputated leg) but
have different levels of disabilities.
Every situation is unique,
people will...
Have different types of impairments of
varying degrees of severity
Have different combinations of education,
skills, strengths and experiences.
Live in different environments with specific
obstacles and facilitators
Remember that…
Many impairments can be treated or
compensated for!
People with disabilities have Abilities
and can develop new ones !
Obstacles can be reduced and
facilitators increased!
Link to practice
* Give participants 5 minutes to answer this question individually on a
piece of paper, and then do a roundtable with each person sharing one
thing they will do.
As a social facilitator, what can you
do to increase or decrease
someone’s disability level?