Transcript Tratado de Lisboa
Treaty of Lisbon
Europe towards the XXI century
The way of Lisbon Treaty
1. Countries of the European Union 2. The main European treaties 3. Why a new Treaty?
4. Decisions of the Lisbon Treaty: More efficient - More democracy - More transparency - Better foreign policy - More security - New policies 5. The entry into force of the Treaty Index
1. Countries of European Union
1951 1973 1981 1986 1995 2004 2007 21 7 9 25 26 6 14 13 4 27 10 18 1 15 5 11 20 3 24 19 23 Croácia 16 22 FYROM 8 2 17 Turquia 12 1. Belgium 2. Bulgaria 3. Czech Republic 4. Denmark 5. Germany 6. Estonia 7. Ireland 8. Greece 9. Spain 10. France 11. Italy 12. Cyprus 13. Latvia 14. Lithuania 15. Luxembourg 16. Hungary 17. Malta 18. Netherlands 19. Austria 20. Poland 21. Portugal 22. Romania 23. Slovenia 24. Slovakia 25. Finland 26. Sweden 27. United Kingdom
2. The main treaties
* Constitutional Treaty has not enter into force
3. Why a new Treaty?
1 . Globalisation: increase of competition and global interaction. EU USA Russia Brazil Japan China India 2 . Increase of Member States and, consequently, increase of complexity for decision making in many matters.
3 . Need to bring Europe closer to citizens.
4 . Meet the new challenges of the XXI century.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The European Union becomes a unique identity with a legal personality.
There is no mention in European Communities but in European Union.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
+ Efficient + Democracy + Transparency New policies Better Foreign policy + Security
4. Decisions of the Treaty
More efficient, how?
+ Efficient
The creation of a new institutional framework: the current structure to meet the needs of the EU-27.
- Simplification of process for decision making; - The President of the European Council will be appointed for 2 ½ years; - In terms of foreign policy: greater coherence and effectiveness.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework European Commission Council European Parliament
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Parliament 2009-2014 • 736 Members • Elected 5 in 5 years (direct universal suffrage) •Organized into political groups Powers :
Political
(exerts political control over all the institutions)
Legislative
(adopts legislation – Regulations, Directives. Decisions opinions, in co-decision with the Council)
Officer
(approves the EU budget jointly with the Council)
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Parliament The Treaty: - brings greater power in legislative, budgetary and approval of international agreements; - fixes the number of MEPs at 751 (750 + the chairman); - establishes the principle of digressive proportionality, i.e., members of the most populous countries account for a greater number of citizens than the least populous countries; - states that the number of seats per Member State shall not be less than 6 nor more than 96.
Portugal will hold 22 MEPs in the European Parliament
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – Council of European Union
Council
- 1 Minister for each Member State in accordance with the subject for discussion (eg. Ministers of agriculture, environment, finance, etc.); - Each Member State holding the Presidency of the Council for a period of six months on a rotating basis.
Functions:
- It’s the main decisions making body of the EU; - Legislative body of the Union in conjunction with Parliament; - Coordination of general economic policies of Member States; - It shares budgetary authority with Parliament; - Celebrate international agreements between the Union and other states or international organizations.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – Council of European Union The Council will continue to share their legislative and budgetary functions to the European Parliament and retain a central role on foreign policy, security policy (CFSP) and economic policies.
Changes to the level of decision making: - Generalization of the co-decision with Parliament (Legislation Regular Procedure) if the qualified majority voting extended to more areas (e.g.. immigration and culture); - Change of the calculation of the qualified majority: consist in the double majority of Member States and population.
From 2014 Approval
the affirmative vote of 55% of Member States representing at least 65% of EU population
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Council Building Justus Lipsius, Brussels The European Council: - brings together the Heads of State and Government of the European Union and Commission President; - defines general political guidelines of the European Union.
With the Treaty: - acquires status of an institution of the Union with the task of defining the general policies of the EU; - will be led by a chairman chosen by the European Council by qualified majority for a term of 2 ½ years, renewable once, to ensure greater continuity in EU initiatives and greater external visibility.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Commission 2009-2014 • 27 Commissioners • Appointed by the governments of 27 Member States • 5-year term • Headquarters in Brussels Barroso Commission Functions :
Law initiative
(proposals for legislation);
Executive Branch
(the Legislation and the Budget of EU policies);
Guardian of the Treaties
(it ensures Community law).
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Commission The Treaty provides that: - One of the Vice-Presidents of the Commission will be the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who will perform an overall coordination role of the Union’s external action.
From 2014
2 3
- Members chosen on the basis of equal rotation.
The European Council of December 2008, taking into account the concerns of Irish people, agreed that the Commission will continue to consist of one national from each Member State.
4. Decision of the Treaty
More democracy, how?
+ Democracy
Institutions more open and new opportunities for European citizens to make their voices heard, by: - "Right of popular initiative“, 1 million citizens could launch a European initiative; - national parliaments and European Parliament acquire new powers to democratic control (early warning mechanism); - the Charter of Fundamental Rights guarantees the protection of citizens rights.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU Gather into a single text all the rights of European citizens!
What are the objectives?
Preserve and develop common values Put the Human Being at the heart of EU action Respect the diversity of different cultures and traditions Respect the national identities of Member States Promote a balanced and sustainable development Ensure the freedom of establishment Ensure freedom of movement (people, goods, services, capital)
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU
Chapter I Chapter IV Dignity
Articles Ex.
Art. 2
“Nobody can be sentenced to death or executed”
Solidarity
Articles Ex.
Art. 33 “It ensured the protection of family on legal, economic and social plan
”
Chapter II Liberties
Articles Ex.
Art. 10
freedom of thought, conscience and religion” “Everyone has the right to
Chapter V Citizenship
Articles Ex.
Art. 45 move and reside freely in the Member States territory
”
“Any EU citizen has teh right to
Chapter III Equality
Articles Ex.
law”
Art. 20
“All persons are equal before the
Chapter VI Justice
Articles Ex.
Art. 47
“Everyone whose rights and freedom guaranteed by the law of the Union and who are violated, has the right to effective remedy before a tribunal”
4. Decisions of the Treaty
More transparency, how?
+ Transparency
- The Treaty of Lisbon puts emphasis not only on "what" but also on "how"; - It establishes a clearer division of powers between the European and national levels, to clarify who does what; - The positions taken by national governments in the Council of Ministers which deliberate on legislative acts, will be subject to public scrutiny (because they are public).
4. Decisions of the Treaty
Better Foreign Policy, how?
Better Foreign Policy
- Europe needs a foreign policy more coherent and effective; - The Treaty creates the post of High Representative of EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy: - brings together the individual tasks performed today by the High Representative for CFSP and the European Commissioner for External Relations; - will be both representative of the Council and Vice-President of the European Commission.
- Strengthening of powers for the “High Representative” for External Relations and Security will help to make the Union more effective in the world; - The legal personality of the European Union will enable to act as a single entity and allow to sign international agreements.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
More Liberty, Security and Justice, how?
+ Security
- The commitment to establish an immigration policy and a common asylum system across Europe; - Increase of effectiveness in combating terrorism and criminal networks, crime prevention, immigration and human trafficking; - The introduction of a solidarity clause allowing Member States to provide mutual support in case of terrorist attacks or disasters; - More effective collaboration between the courts of the Member States.
New Policies
4. Decisions of the Treaty
New Policies, which ones?
- The recognition of the objective of combating climate change; - The introduction of new provisions on energy policy - to promote efficient and saving energy and development of new and renewable energies; - The introduction of a general social clause - which requires social issues (promotion of a high level of employment, adequate social protection, fight against social exclusion, etc.) to be taken into account when defining and implementing all policies; - New provisions providing for EU policies in areas like space, tourism, sport and civil protection.
5. The entry into force of the Treaty
The Lisbon Treaty was ratified by 27 Member States
Ratification Through Parliament For Members
Democratically elected by the citizens
Referendum For Citizens
“A referendum is only binding when the number of voters is higher than half of the registered electors” Art. 115 nº11 of the Portuguese Constitution
5. The entry into force of the Treaty
Ratification
http://europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/countries/index_en.htm
Through Parliament
Germany Austria Belgium Hungary Italy Latvia Bulgaria Cyprus Denmark Slovakia Slovenia Spain Estonia Finland France Greece Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom Czech Republic Romania Sweden
Referendum
Ireland
Date for entry into force: 1st of December 2009
6. Sites
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Portugal)
www.mne.gov.pt
European Union
www.europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/index_en.htm
Office of the European Parliament in Portugal
www.parleurop.pt
Representation of European Commission in Portugal
http://ec.europa.eu/portugal/comissao/index_pt.htm
European Information Center Jacques Delors
http://dossiers.eurocid.pt/tratadodelisboa www.aprendereuropa.pt