Transcript Diapositiva 1

The History of European
Integration
Part II
Professor: Lee Kyu Young
Student: Natalya Kim (I31026)
Treaty on European Union Maastricht Treaty
Signed: 7 February 1992
Entered into force: 1 November 1993
Purpose: to prepare for European Monetary Union
and introduce elements of a political union
(citizenship, common foreign and internal affairs
policy).
Treaty on European Union - Maastricht Treaty
Main changes:
• EEC  European Union (EU)
• Strengthened the power of the European Parliament
• Greater use of the Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) in the
Council.
• European Central Bank (ECB)
• The Committee of the Regions (CoR)
• European citizenship, Ombudsman
• Timetable for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) by 1999
Three
pillars
structure:
1. Euro & economic
Policies,
2. Common Foreign
and Security Policy
3. Justice & Home
Affairs
1 January 1995
Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU. The 15
members cover almost the whole of western Europe.
26 March 1995
The Schengen Agreement takes effect in seven
countries — Belgium, Germany, Spain, France,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Portugal.
Travelers of any nationality can travel between all these
countries without any passport control at the frontiers.
Treaty of Amsterdam
Signed: 2 October 1997
Entered into force: 1 May 1999
Purpose: To reform the EU institutions in
preparation for the arrival of future member
countries.
Main changes: amendment and
consolidation of EU and EEC treaties. More
transparent decision-making (increased use
of the co-decisions voting procedure).
1 January 1999
• The €uro came into operation in 11
member states, although national
currencies continued in circulation until
2002. (Greece was joined in 2001).
• Denmark, Sweden and the United
Kingdom decide to stay out for the time
being.
The Treaty of Nice
Signed: 26 February 2001
Entered into force: 1 February 2003
Purpose: to reform the institutions so that
the EU could function efficiently after
reaching 25 member countries.
Main changes:
• size and composition of the Commission;
• weighting of votes in the Council;
• extension of qualified-majority voting (QMV);
• enhanced cooperation.
1 May 2004
New Member States: Czech Republic,
Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and
Slovakia.
Treaty of Lisbon
29 October 2004
Signed:13 December 2007
Entered into force: 1 December 2009
Purpose:
to make the EU more democratic, more efficient
and better able to address global problems, such
as climate change, with one voice.
Main changes:
more power for the European Parliament, change
of voting procedures in the Council, a creation of
new high-profile posts permanent president of the
European Council, a new High Representative for
Foreign Affairs, a new EU diplomatic service.
Treaty of Lisbon
29 October 2004
• After a period of reflection, some of the more
controversial aspects of the constitution were
removed. (flag, anthem, constitution-wording,
Minister)
• Charter of Fundamental Rights became
solemnly binding and would be used for the
interpretation and implementation of EU law
• National Parliaments receive more time for
review
1 January 2007
Two more countries from Eastern Europe,
Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU,
bringing the number of member states to 27
countries.
September 2008
A major financial crisis hits the world economy
late in 2008 brought into question the
effectiveness of the Eurozone and caused acute
problems in Greece.
9 February 2010
A new Commission took office in February
2010, with Jose Manuel Barroso beginning a
second five-year term as its President.
June 2010
At a European Council meeting in Brussels, EU
leaders adopt a 10-year strategy for smart,
sustainable and inclusive growth: Europe 2020..
1 January 2011
Three new
operating:
European
financial
supervisory
authorities
begin
• the European Banking Authority,
• the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority
• the European Securities and Markets Authority.
25 March 2011
European Council adopts treaty amendment to enable
the creation of the European Stability Mechanism
(ESM)
10 December 2012
The European Union is awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize 2012 at a ceremony in Oslo.
The prize recognizes the EU's contribution over six
decades to the promotion of peace and
reconciliation, democracy and human rights.
1 July 2013
Croatia joins the EU, bringing the total
number of member countries to 28.
The EU now also has 24 official languages.
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