Transcript 志願服務的多元發展
志願服務的多元發展 衛生福利部 訓練中心 實踐大學社工系 劉弘煌 2014.3.24 引言 • 華人地區社會工作與社會福利志工國際研討會 • 新加坡:A Giving Nation / Giving Spirit (黃光星,2014) • 馬來西亞:共善(Common Good),幫助這個世界變得更好 ( for a better world,陳登福,2014) • 透過生命教育了解生命的真諦 1. 不自覺地陷入競爭的泥沼中 2. 不自覺的偏向物質佔有的追求 3. 不自覺的分隔生命終極的意義 • Through poor, we could not be poor on education, through bitter, we could not be bitter to the children. 再窮不能窮教育 再苦不能苦小孩 • 救災、救急、救窮、救難、救弱、救心 • 社工助人專業與志工服務志業之合作與分工(劉弘煌,2014) HHL SW USC 2 議題 • 志願服務類型:互助、慈善 、倡導、參與自我 治理。 • 志願服務典範:(1)慈善服務典範(2)公民社會 民主治理典範。(張英陣,2014) • 涉入程度:涉獵者、參與者、奉獻者。 • 參與者:業餘者(介於專家與民眾間,興趣)、嗜 好者(興趣)、志工(內在動機:興趣與外在動機: 利他)。 • 志工管理與自主 • 高齡志工的退場機制 HHL SW USC 3 志願服務的多元發展 1. 國際志工 2. 國小志工 3. 田園志工 4. 佈老志工 5. 世代志工 6. 環保志工 7. 動物志工 8. 佈施志工 9. 交通志工 10. 消防志工 11. 河川志工 12. 倡導志工 13. 募款志工 HHL SW USC 4 國際志工─愛心無國界 • 隨著一些地區的開放發展，有華僑的同胞的地 區，尤其是偏遠的地區，學童的教育資源較為 缺乏，需要很多教育資源的投入。 • 泰北、越南、柬埔寨、緬甸、中國大陸等地區 • 國內大專院校近年來鼓勵組織國際志工隊，到 這些地方進行志工服務。 • 一方面增廣學生的視野及接觸物質較為缺乏的 環境，另一方面發揮同胞愛或人類關懷，同時 也讓學生有機會服務他人，從服務中學習。 HHL SW USC 5 國際志工 • 很多無邦交的國家，透過國際志工服務， 可以達到互相交流、溝通、增進友誼，長 遠下來對促進世界的和平一定大有助益。 • 大專學生的國際志工可以隨學生的專長， 透過教育或志願服務組織從事志工服務。 • 這些國際志工隊的服務，可以做較長期的 規劃與投入，可以發揮很大的作用。 HHL SW USC 6 國際志工 • • • • • • • • • 德國女學生到故宮博物院當導覽志工 李家同到印度垂死之家當志工 慈濟志工到世界各災區的救災志工 美國紅十字會招募國際災難救助志工 International WorkCamp ─聯合國教科文組織下全球最大的國 際志工平台，每年超過100國5000計畫。 台西國際藝術村─2007年始，19國217位志工，彩繪55戶，1263 公尺長的壁畫。彩繪社區營造 偏遠及原鄉兒童教育─文化夏令營，透過音樂、舞蹈及多元文 化展演，讓孩童認識世界。 歷史建物翻修與文化保存─西螺螺陽文教基金會國術布袋戲及 醬油文化與生活體驗。 社區老人樂活計畫─台中市、彰化縣福興鄉西勢及屏東林邊， 開創在地青年社區照顧視野與國際接軌。 HHL SW USC 7 出國打工或當志工 • 時下很多年輕人出國打工，一方面出國體 驗異國文化與生活；再者透過工作賺取生 活費或換取免費的住宿，這樣算不算是志 工？嚴格說:不是！ • 拿酬勞就不算是志工，但若出的力比拿到 的報償超出很多，還是有志工的精神。 HHL SW USC 8 國高中小學生志工 • 學生當志工很多是為了考試資格審查時的需要。 • 很多考試需要學生提供得獎、或服務的資料， 當志工、幹部的經驗，就成了學生必須準備的 經驗，這種為了資料而當志工的行為，往往扭 曲了原來志願服務的美意 • 如果家長也加入這個”搶當”志工的行列，將 對志願服務的自願參與的精神，嚴重的違背與 扭曲。 • 國中小志工是否當做「服務學習」就好? HHL SW USC 9 田園志工 • 時下也有一些機會讓妳/你去當田園志工。 • 田園志工就是到農田去幫忙除草、清農地、澆水、 作畦、搭架、播種、收穫、包裝，不拿酬勞的臨時 或較定時的工作者。 • 田園志工本身可能是種植的愛好者、勞力的貢獻者、 運動者、休閒者、農事的學習者、假日農夫。 • 田園志工可能是長期的、固定的服務；也可能是臨 時或一時的服務。 • 田園志工的工作地點是在農田，可與大自然接觸， 勞動筋骨，學習農事，認識農作物，結交朋友，有 機會吃有機蔬菜，學會分享與珍惜 ，是一個值得 從事的志工活動。 HHL SW USC 10 佈老志工與世代志工 • 新北市推動高齡照顧存本專案，邀請民眾加入 不老志工行列，照顧老人儲存時數，未來可以 自己使用也可以回饋家人。 • 目前新北市已有578位已完成18小時培訓的佈 老志工。 • 佈老志工可幫助照顧老人，為家屬提供喘息服 務。 • 佈老志工的服務累積時數，可1比1兌換佈老志 工服務，或3比1兌換專業居家照顧服務。 • 新北市政府鼓勵中高齡者加入佈老志工，年輕 學子加入世代志工。 HHL SW USC 11 環保志工 • • • • • • • 清潔道路、公廁、社區 宣導環保觀念 海灘撿垃圾 檢舉污染事件 種樹代替砍樹 從事河川保護 在沙漠地造林 HHL SW USC 12 動物/保育/保護志工 • • • • • 收養流浪狗 治療受傷動物或鳥類 從事保護動物的宣導 動物園的解說員 直接到野生動物的棲息地研究或保護牠們的生存環 境 • 捐款救助瀕臨絕種的動物並宣導不要利用牠們做任 何謀利的行為 • 宣導或加入救動物或海洋魚類的行動(熊膽、虎骨、 犀牛角、大象牙及濫捕鯨(油)、鯊魚(魚翅)、海獅 (油)等) HHL SW USC 13 佈施志工 • • • • • • • 奉茶、供茶水 挑菜、煮食、清洗 協助廟堂的進香活動 捐錢、捐血、捐物 造橋鋪路的行善團 濟貧救弱以有助無 時間錢財體力智力 HHL SW USC 14 交通志工及消防志工 • • • • 義交 義消 義警 在捷運、火車站、飛航站等交通場所服務 的志工 • 從事消防宣導的鳳凰志工 HHL SW USC 15 國家公園與博物館志工 • • • • • 國家公園的解說志工 國家公園內的服務台諮詢 博物館內的櫃台諮詢 國家公園或博物館販賣部的銷售志工 博物館內的解說志工 HHL SW USC 16 河川志工 • • • • • 保護河川不受污染 護魚護溪不濫捕撈 維持自然行水不截灣取直 不人工化水泥化河岸 勿在河床亂採砂石 HHL SW USC 17 倡導志工 • • • • • • 爭取弱勢權益 為弱勢發聲 為好的理念倡導 引領社會善良風氣 為社會正義奔走 帶領社會正向發展 HHL SW USC 18 募款志工 • • • • • • • 為幫助急難募款 (people) 為救助動物生命募款 (animal) 為非營利組織募款 (organization) 為某一活動募款 (program) 為某一建設募款 (construction) 善款得之不易 善用不易之得 HHL SW USC 19 志工銀行 • 志工服務時數可存在「志工銀行」 • 存在「志工銀行」的時數將來可以提領使 用 • 使用者可以是自己、親友或其他人 • 志工銀行貨幣的單位是小時 • 是否有通貨膨脹或通貨緊縮的問題? • 服務可以交換與志工不求報酬的精神是否 衝突? HHL SW USC 20 Types of Volunteering 環境保護與園藝 • Conservation, the Environment and Gardening • • Conservation, the Environment and Gardening Conservation volunteers repair footpaths, clear ponds and waterways, plant trees, build dry-stone dykes, create nature trails - the list is endless. The work can usually be done at weekends or out-of-office hours too. You could help out at a community garden project or do simple maintenance for someone who is unable to look after their own garden. • Learning Disabilities • People with learning disabilities may have difficulty understanding new or complex information, learning new skills or coping independently. 協助學習障礙者 Volunteers can: • help with activities, sports and crafts and social clubs, youth clubs and resource centres. • provide one-to-one support to families or individuals as befrienders or advocates. • assist at summer play-schemes for children. • • • • • 諮詢與建議 Advice Work Volunteer advice workers offer confidential advice and information to members of the public. Some advice centres give a very wide range of information e.g. Citizens Information Centres. Others are more specialist e.g. working with homeless people or people with a disability. Volunteer Centres also involve volunteers on this basis. Some advice agencies look for a long-term commitment from volunteers and training can last up to three months. feelings of depression, anxiety and confusion, sometimes to an extent that makes it difficult for a person to cope with everyday life. Only a small number of people experiencing mental health problems are admitted to hospital. Most are treated and supported in their community. Volunteers can: • assist at drop-in centres and social groups by helping with activities, chatting to people or providing a listening ear. • provide one-to-one support as befrienders or advocates. 成人基礎教育 Adult Basic Education Many adults and young people want to improve their reading, writing or numeracy. Adult basic education provides tuition in groups with paid and volunteer tutors. Volunteers must attend a training course and be prepared to give a long-term commitment, perhaps helping once or twice a week for a minimum of a year. Volunteers can: • tutor people who have difficulty with basic skills. • teach English as a second language. • help deaf students with language development. • help students who have a disability. • work with people who have speech and language difficulties as a result of a stroke. • provide basic information and communication technology (ICT) skills. HHL SW USC 21 志工服務種類 • • • Homelessness 遊民服務 Many volunteers work with people living in temporary or hostel accommodation, or those sleeping rough. Volunteers can: • help out at drop-in or night shelters, providing hot drinks and meals and giving support. • be trained to give information and advice. • work alongside paid workers in outreach work on the streets. • • • • • • • Advocacy and Campaigning 倡導運動 Many non-profit organisations campaign and lobby for their cause, be it local, national or global. International organisations campaigning on global issues often need to lobby in Ireland too. In all areas of advocacy and campaigning, non-profit organisations rely on volunteers. Volunteers can: • join an interest group. For example, anti-racism, fair trade, human rights, trade justice, solidarity etc. • speak out publicly about the cause. • become involved in various actions supporting a campaign, such as sending letters or emails, posting flyers etc. • support and/or assist in such campaigns events, including through designing campaigns, writing publicity material etc. Fundraising 募款 Non-profit organisations often rely on fundraising to survive and need to have diverse and imaginative ways of raising funds for their work. Most organisations rely on volunteer fundraisers and there are always many, many volunteering opportunities in this area. Volunteers can: • organise or take part in sponsored events, street collections, fun runs etc. • help out in charity shops. • be on a fund raising committee. • help design a funding strategy for an organisation. • HHL SW USC 22 Types of Volunteering • • • Office Work 接待與行政協助 Many organisations have an ongoing need for volunteers to do office administration such as reception duties, typing and research. Others need volunteers to help out at busy times e.g. publicity campaigns or fundraising drives. Volunteers can do: • reception and administration work. • financial or management committee tasks. • computing. • ’once-off’ pieces of work such as setting up a database, producing publicity material or devising a marketing strategy. • • • • • • • • • • • The Elderly 老人服務 Most opportunities to volunteer in this field take place in the daytime and are with elder people who are frail or experiencing some level of dementia. Volunteers can: Help at lunch clubs or day centres, perhaps serving teas and lunches or assisting with quizzes, games and reminiscing activities. Deliver ’Meals on Wheels’ or library books to housebound people. Befriend through making home visits. Help out in residential homes and hospitals e.g. reading to patients, playing board games. Teach an older person a skill - e.g. how to surf the internet, email etc. Practical Assistance 家事服務 Some organisations need DIY or building volunteers to paint and decorate, carry out repairs or put up shelves. This can be for the organisation itself or with its client base. Volunteers can: • Paint the walls of community centres, childcare facilities, day care centres for elder people SW unable USC to undertake this work themselves. • Make small improvements in the home or garden ofHHL people • Offer professional building or decoration services. 23 志工服務種類 • • • Befriending 友誼支持 Befriending involves giving support and friendship to someone who may be going through a difficult period, is feeling lonely, or is adjusting to a major change in their life. Befriending schemes can support, for example: elder people, lone parents, young people, new parents, adults with disabilities or health problems. Volunteer befrienders are matched with a client (perhaps because they share an interest or are of a similar age). They meet on a regular basis, perhaps to go shopping, go to the cinema or simply to have a chat over a cup of coffee. Befriending may aim to encourage the client’s independence, build their self-confidence or offer social contact beyond their immediate family. Befrienders are carefully selected and trained and receive ongoing support. • • • Physical Disability 身障者協助 Many people are particularly interested in volunteering with people with a physical disability to assist them lead a more active or independent life. Volunteers can: • help or assist with individuals or groups dealing with specific conditions such as arthritis, cancer, or epilepsy or with more general disability organisations. • provide one-to-one support as a tutor, befriender or peer counsellor. • • • • HIV/Aids and Drug Dependency 愛滋及藥癮者協助 Many people choose to volunteer with people directly or indirectly affected by HIV/AIDS or drug dependency issues. Volunteers can: • help out at a drop-in or information centre. • be a befriender in a ’buddy’ scheme. • provide practical help such as gardening, driving, baby-sitting, or painting and decorating. • participate in preventative, educational and awareness raising work. HHL SW USC 24 Types of Volunteering • • • • • • • • • • Driving 駕駛服務 Many elder people or people with a disability are unable to leave their homes due to a lack of suitable transport. Volunteer drivers provide a vital service helping them to get out and about, perhaps to a day centre or social club. Some organisations have their own vehicles whilst others need drivers with their own car. Perhaps the best-known volunteer drivers are the ’Meals on Wheels’ fleet. The insurance requirements of organisations may differ, but usually a volunteer has to be aged over 23 years and have a clean driving licence. Minibus drivers may be required to sit a test. Volunteers using their own car will normally be paid petrol expenses. Children and Young People 兒童與青少年服務 There are a wide variety of volunteering roles with children. Volunteers can: • assist in crèches and playgroups for the under fives. • help with after school clubs, junior youth clubs and holiday playschemes, helping with games, arts and crafts, music and sport for those aged under 12. • help out with young people over 12 in youth clubs or youth cafés and ‘drop-in’ centres providing varied social, leisure and outdoor activities, as well as ’issue’ based work e.g. health promotion or drugs awareness. • provide one-to-one support for children who are experiencing difficulties at school or at home. • There are also well known youth organisations such as the Scouts and Girl Guides. Individuals who volunteer with children or vulnerable adults should expect to undergo Garda Vetting. Hospital Work 醫院服務 Many hospitals and residential care units involve volunteers in a variety of roles. Volunteers can: • visit and befriend patients and/or residents. • help in hospital shops. • provide trolley and library services. • escort patients on outings. • help with social activities. • HHL SW USC 25 志工服務種類 • • • • • • Residential 駐地服務 You may wish to get involved in voluntary work on a residential basis. This will involve a period of ‘live in’ with the organisation. Residential volunteering opportunities can last from one week to several months or more. Your local Volunteer Centre will be able to advise you on organisations that offer residential opportunities Volunteers can: • help out in summer camps for children 營隊服務 • assist in care units for people affected by homelessness 協助遊民照顧機構 • assist residential drug rehabilitation centres 藥物復健 • undertake environmental volunteer projects 環保計畫 Team Volunteering 志工團隊服務 Groups of friends or colleagues can get together for a one-off volunteering project e.g. painting a mural, creating a wildlife garden, decorating premises or organising an outing for a group of people. Your local Volunteer Centre will be able to let you know of available projects. HHL SW USC 26 志工的省思 • 回國後，我常常對自己說，在國外的時候我是志工； 但是當我回到了台灣，我就不再應該是志工，而是真 的決定投入一件事就得把它當作是志業，而是真的知 道自己在做什麼，為什麼而做？做的結果又能改變什 麼？ • 志工是短期的，志業才是長遠的。 • 這個社會需要的不是(一時興念)志工，而是長期甚至 是一輩子願意投入一個志業的人。 • 我們的國家用什麼方式教育我們的下一代 什麼是志 願服務，十二年國教的副作用是每年產出八十萬名僞 志工。 ~某志工~ HHL SW USC 27 志工的省思 • 當志工我們是否都站在高高的姿態，自以為比較 優越，認為那些所謂的”弱勢族群”需要我們自 以為是的幫忙？活動結束了我們自己心情很滿足， 覺得今天做了善事。 • 是否有人捫心自問這些短視近利到不行的活動， 對非營利組織造成了多少的困擾？有人在意過短 短不到十二小時的志工真的有幫助到服務對象長 久以來的需求嗎？ HHL SW USC 28 服務應建立在別人的需要上面 • 志工先要看自己能提供什麼服務？ • 服務規劃時應先檢視服務對象是否真正需 要此項服務。 • 可說：需要為服務之母。 HHL SW USC 29 志工精神 • • • • • • • • 利他利人 勞心勞力 合作分工 澹泊為志 服務多元 資源有限 勤耕田園 以有濟無 不假他人 齊心協力 不計其功 終生從事 人盡其才 物盡其用 地盡其利 貨暢其流 HHL SW USC ~END~ 30