Transcript The Great War & Revolution: 1914-1919

What do you know about what caused the
First World War?
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In Class Today:
Notes: WWI begins
Video: WWI in Color
Unit VII: Conflict and Cooperation
 War
began in summer of 1914
 Nearly 10 million soldiers killed (20
million wounded)
 Largest war in history (until WWII)
 Allies: Britain, France, Russia, U.S. (1917)
 Central Powers: Germany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman Empire
 First modern, industrialized war
 Destroyed many old autocratic regimes
(empires collapsed)
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Imperialism: land disputes in Africa, Asia
led to diplomatic crises
Nationalism: patriotic fervor led to
popular support for war
Militarism: European powers built huge
armies and navies
Alliances: blocks of allies meant a small
regional conflict would engulf all of
Europe
 Austria-Hungary
sought more land in the
Balkan region (Serbians felt threatened)
 Russia (Slavic heritage) saw itself as
protector of Serbia
 Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austrian throne,
assassinated by Serbian terrorists (6/28)
 A-H issued ultimatum to Serbia: many
demands such as capturing Black Hand
 Germany backed A-H, Russia began
mobilizing for war
How did imperialism and nationalism help
lead Europe into the Great War?
Example:
Imperialism meant that Europeans were
arguing over land in Africa and Asia.
Nationalism made people believe they
should fight to prove their greatness.
 Austria-Hungary: defeat
& annex Serbia
into its empire; internal unity
 Germany: save its status as a great power
in Europe; internal unity
 France: retake Alsace-Lorraine; honor
treaty with Russia
 Russia: protect Slavic Serbs; save status
as great power; internal unity
 Britain: protect neutral Belgium; keep
Germany from dominating Europe
Why were there so many more deaths in
the First World War than previous wars?
In Class Today:
1. Finish Document Analysis
2. Clip: Franz Ferdinand
3. Notes: Schlieffen Plan
*Notes and all make-up work due now!
 German
plan for victory based on
precise timing of troop movement, attack
 Plan called for Germany to defeat French
within 7 weeks, then face Russians in east
 Plan was unrealistic and did not account
for many factors
 Invasion of Belgium brought Britain in
 Failure of plan meant the war would drag
on without end
 German
army moved quickly through
Belgium and into northern France
 French & British troops unable to stop
advancing Germans at first
 Decisive moment: Battle of the Marne
 German advance halted 50 miles from
Paris (stalemate begins)
 French unable to push Germans out of
their country
What was the point of the Schlieffen Plan
for the Germans?
What was the Schlieffen Plan meant to
accomplish and why did it fail?
In Class Today:
1. Reading/Q’s: Causes
2. Writing: Trench Warfare
In two sentences, summarize the hardships
of life in the trenches during WWI.
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What are the men experiencing and
what would it be like to live through it?
Why are the men so afraid of breathing
in the mustard gas?
Why do the new recruits die so much
more often than the veterans?
Why does Paul scream at Himmelstoss
and how does he react?
What kind of mental toll do you think
this war took on the soldiers?
What would be the worst part of fighting in
a trench war to you and why?
In Class Today:
1. Notes: Trench war
2. Film clip: “All Quiet…”
*Causes/Trench sheet due today.
 After
Sept. 1914 neither side able to gain
much momentum in war
 Trench warfare began (defense holds the
advantage)
 Generals on both sides insisted on
attacking aggressively (huge casualties)
 “No Man’s Land”—land between
trenches where fighting took place
 War
more mobile in east; Russians and
Austrians suffered terrible casualties
 Russia mobilized quickly and invaded
German territory
 Battle of Tannenberg: two Russian armies
completely destroyed by Germans
 Germans advanced far into Russia over
next two years
Eastern
Front: 1915
Why do you think the author (who fought in
the war) wrote All Quiet on the Western
Front?
In war, only men are drafted into fighting.
The nation of Israel requires all men and
women to serve at least two years in the
military. Do you think this rule would be
good for the U.S.? Why or why not?
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In Class Today:
1. WWI Poetry!
Article: Christmas Truce
3. Clip: Joyeux Noel
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What is the basic message of “Dolce Et Decorum
Est”?
What is the writer of “Back” saying about himself?
What details lead you to believe the soldiers were
ready for a break at Christmas, 1914?
Why would the high command of both sides be
upset after hearing about the truce?
Why did neither side fire a shot the next day even
though the truce expired at midnight?
Summarize this event in approximately 35 words.
Why do you think a similar truce never
took place again after 1914?
What things tend to change during war
inside the countries that are fighting?
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In Class Today:
Notes: War of Attrition
2. Crash Course
3. Wkst: The Somme
 At
first, mass enthusiasm for the war
among nearly all classes
 Supplies of munitions ran low quickly;
central govt. planning began
 German society dominated by war;
military had control (forced labor)
 Food rations: people had less and less as
war dragged on
 War
created full employment; women left
home to work in industry & as nurses
 Strain of war effort led to social upheaval
by 1916 (strikes, demonstrations)
 Anti-government sentiment grew in
places such as Austria, Russia
 No
major breakthroughs for either side
during 1915, 1916
 Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916):
British/French offensive
-Nearly 20,000 British killed on day 1
-Around 1 million total casualties
-Result: Allies gained 6-7 miles
 Battle of Verdun (Feb-Dec 1916): German
offensive to capture city of Verdun
-Similar results to the Somme
-Attrition: “bleed the French white”
Describe why the Battle of the Somme
should be seen as a tragedy.
How did battles like Verdun and the
Somme show how pointless and wasteful
the Great War was?
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In Class Today:
New weapons assignment
2. Crash Course
 Choose
five weapons from the list on the
next screen that were used for the first
time during World War I
 For each of the five, look up information
about them and write a paragraph that
explains the following:
-How were they used in this war?
-How effective were they and why?
 Machine
guns
 Heavy long-range artillery
 Submarines
 Poison gas (Mustard)
 Flamethrowers
 Tanks
 Airplanes
How did new modern weapons help to
make World War I the deadliest war in
history at that time?
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Choose five words that you would use to
describe this battle. Explain why you
would use each word.
Why did the British suffer so many
casualties on the first day?
Why did General Haig receive a lot of
criticism for his handling of this battle?
How can propaganda help a nation to win a
war?
In Class Today:
1. Propaganda activity
2. Article: U.S. enters war
 Propaganda: posters, fliers, articles, etc.
used to sway public opinion, emotions
 Used widely by both sides to recruit men
into military, women into jobs
 Also used to paint enemy as evil, ruthless,
less than human
 Governments strictly controlled message
 Read
through the eyewitness account on
your own
 Work with the person next to you (or
behind if necessary) to craft a fifty word
summary that completely explains the
main idea of the reading
 The summary must be EXACTLY 50
words in length
What difference do you think it will make
having the U.S. join the war against
Germany?
What do you already know about the
Russian Revolution?
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In Class Today:
Notes: Russian Revolution
2. Video: Rasputin
3. Reading: Lenin
 Russian
troops lacked adequate supplies
and leadership
 Controversy surrounded Tsar, his wife,
and Rasputin
 Huge casualty rates; food shortages led
to rioting in cities (St. Petersburg)
 March 1917: Duma formed a provisional
govt.; tsar Nicholas abdicated throne
 Vladimir
Lenin: socialist revolutionary
exiled from Russia by tsar
 Germans smuggled Lenin back in to
Russia in April 1917
 Bolsheviks: communists under leadership
of Lenin
 Bolsheviks seized power from provisional
govt. in late 1917
 Bolsheviks
legalized peasant seizure of
land
 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: ended war with
Germany (huge land loss)
 Their destruction of democracy in Russia
led to civil war from 1918-1921
 Bolshevik “Red” Communist army vs.
“White” armies seeking democracy
 Allies supported White army; Red army
won (led to creation of Soviet Union)
Current events day.
In Class Today:
1. Reading: Lenin
 For
each segment of the article, write a
paragraph summarizing the main points
 Write a paragraph explaining why Lenin
is considered to be such a crucial figure
in European history.
Discuss one reason why the U.S. got
involved in the First World War.
In Class Today:
1. Clips: Shell shock
2. Notes: Wilson’s plan
 Germans
used unrestricted submarine
warfare (to break British blockade)
 Sinking of Lusitania (1915), Zimmerman
note led to U.S. joining war (April 1917)
 President Wilson wanted U.S. to play
major role in post-war negotiations
 Fresh U.S. troops energized Allied war
effort; turned tide of war
 Jan. 1918: Wilson
announced his plan for
restoring peace in Europe
 Plan called for open trade, restoration of
lands, new League of Nations
 Germans embraced Wilson’s ideas;
Allied leaders skeptical
 Wilson seen as too idealistic (Allies
sought revenge)
What was Wilson’s most important goal for
the peace negotiations and why?
Why do you think the U.S. Senate rejected
the idea of our being involved in the new
League of Nations?
In Class Today:
1. Doc. Analysis: Treaty of Versailles
Now that you have seen the terms of the
Treaty of Versailles, how do you think a
man such as Adolf Hitler will become
popular and powerful in Germany?
Why did the German people accuse their
own leaders of betraying them after they
heard about the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles?
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In Class Today:
1. Notes: WWI Ends
Doc. Analysis: Treaty’s effects
3. Clip: WWI in Color
 Germans
attempted one last offensive in
spring 1918 (desperation)
 Effort failed; U.S. forces helped Allies
break stalemate, push Germans back
 Nov. 1918: German govt. collapsed;
Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated
 Socialist leaders declared Germany a
new republic
 Nov. 11: armistice ends Great War
 Allied
leaders met in Paris in 1919 to
discuss peace agreement
 French & British sought to cripple
German army; collect reparations
 Germans, Russians barred from
negotiations
 Wilson’s ideas mostly rejected as too
lenient
 German people left feeling bitter and
angry
Do you think the Treaty of Versailles was a
fair result for Germany? Why or why not?
“We must call to account the November
criminals of 1918. It cannot be that two
million Germans should have fallen in vain.
No, we do not pardon, we demand
vengeance!”
Who do you think said this quote and why?
In Class Today:
1. Storyboard (Review of WWI)
Adolf Hitler (Munich speech, 1922)
 Write
the topics under each box
 Draw a picture or symbol that
appropriately represents the event
 On the back, write a two sentence
explanation of the event
-Why happened?
-Why was it important?
 Topic: Christmas
Truce of 1914
 Answer:
German and French soldiers stopped
fighting and celebrated Christmas
together. This showed that they were
growing tired of the war and it made them
realize they have a lot in common with
each other.
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Franz Ferdinand Assassination
Schlieffen Plan
Trench warfare (life in the trenches)
Battles of the Somme and Verdun
U.S. enters the war
Treaty of Versailles
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Summarize what happened to AustriaHungary as a result of WWI.
What did Germany expect from the
peace negotiations and why were they
disappointed?
Explain the various ways in which
Germany was punished by the treaty.
What was the “stab in the back” theory
and how did it influence Germans?
Current events day.
Submit openers today.
2.
In Class Today:
1. Test overview
Clips: Shell shock
3. WWI Poetry
Terms:
1. Schlieffen Plan
2. Battle of the Marne
3. Verdun and the Somme
4. Bolsheviks
5. Rasputin
Essay Topics:
1. Causes of WWI
2. Trench warfare (conditions)
3. American intervention
4. Social impact (homefront)
5. Treaty of Versailles
What do we know happened to Germany
after WWI?
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In Class Today:
Intro partner project
2. Begin working
Desert island challenge: you get one
person, one book, and one kind of food.
What/who do you choose and why?
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In Class Today:
Continue work on project
*Presentations Friday
Summarize some of the main ideas from
the topic you are presenting.
In Class Today:
1. Last day of work time
*Presentations tomorrow
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Uncertainty in Modern Thought
Nietzsche
Freud
Modern Art & Music/Radio & Movies
The Search for Peace & Political Stability
The Great Depression (overview)
The Depression in Germany
Current events day.
In Class Today:
1. Presentations!
Summarize some of the information that
you took from the presentations we heard
on Friday.
In Class Today:
1. Continue presentations
What were some of the major factors that
made life in Germany miserable during
the post-WWI years?
2.
In Class Today:
1. Finish presentations
Intro Ivan Denisovich book