Transcript Slide 1

Unit 4: Latin America, Africa, and the
Development of the Atlantic World
Chapters 19, 21
Carib
Indians
Tupac Amaru
Taino Indians
The Atlantic World
More Unit 4 Vocab/Identification
Chapters 19, 21 - Latin America, Africa, and the Development of the
Atlantic World in the Early Modern Era
1. Ferdinand and Isabella
16. sociedad de castas
2. Encomiendas
17. Tupac Amaru
3. Caribs
18. El Mina
4. Bartolome de las casas
19. Gold Coast
5. Coronado
20. Nzinga Mvemba
6. Mita
21. Asante
7. Potosi
22. Dahomey
8. Huancavelica
23. Royal African Co.
9. Haciendas
24. triangular trade
10. Galleons
25. Benin
11. Viceroys
12. Audiencias
13. Cabral
14. Paulistas
15. Rio de Janeiro
Early Colonial Latin America
•From 1500-1800, both Spain and
Portugal created large colonial
empires in the Americas.
•Iberian language, laws, forms of
government, religion, and culture
were transplanted to the colonies.
•Large numbers of immigrants came
to the colonies, but the cultures of
Native Americans persisted and
blended with both Iberian and
African cultures.
•As African slaves were brought to
the Americas, a multi-ethnic, multiracial society emerged.
Miguel Cabrera
(1695-1728), Indios
Gentiles (‘pagan
Indians’),
•In Brazil, the Portuguese created
the first plantation colony of the
Americas, growing sugar with the
use of first Indian then African slave
labor.
•The discovery of gold in the 1700’s
led to a push into Brazil’s interior,
and the expansion of slavery. Brazil
received the largest number of
imported Africans in the Americas.
•Major silver discoveries were made
in Mexico and Peru in the mid
1500’s, leading to the creation of
mining towns such as Potosi (in
modern day Bolivia.)
•Harsh treatment and exploitation
of Native peoples led to some
criticism and calls for reform, and
eventually some uprisings.
What Drove the Sugar Trade? Document
Study
Think about the factors that led to the
development of the sugar trade in the early
modern era, and the effects of this business
throughout the Atlantic world.
Missionary
settlements
were founded
and Catholic
influence
spread.
Conquistadors
conquered
native groups.
A strict social order
developed; the
ordered hierarchy
helped the Spanish
maintain control
over native and
African groups.
•Peninsulares
•Creoles
The Spanish
Empire in the
Americas
Royal officials
(viceroys) ruled
provinces.
•Mestizos
•Various inter-racial
groups
•Native americans and
slaves
Labor intensive crops
such as sugar cane
were cultivated; this
along with mining
increased the need for
slave labor.
Strict control of
trade was
maintained; trade
within the
colonies or with
other European
powers was
forbidden.
Native American Labor in the Spanish Colonies in
the 16th and 17th Centuries Document Study
1. Based on the information in these documents, how did Spain govern
and control its colonies?
2. What do these documents reveal about attitudes towards Native
American Indians in Spanish colonial America? How would you group
the documents if you had this DBQ prompt:
“Evaluate attitudes about the role Native American labor served in
the Spanish colonies in the Americas in the 16th and 17th
centuries.”
3. What do these documents reveal about social and economic changes
taking place in early modern Spanish colonial America?
4. Now, use the docs, and your knowledge, to come up with social and
economic CONTINUITIES in the Atlantic World. What DID NOT change
throughout this era, and why? Your group should come up with one
social continuity and one economic continuity to share with the class.
The Atlantic System, sometimes called
“triangular trade,” resulted in one of world
history’s massive migrations, though it
was a forced migration. Millions of
Africans were brought to the Americas in
the infamous “Middle Passage.”
http://www.edup
lace.com/kids/s
ocsci/books/app
lications/imaps/
maps/g5s_u3/in
dex.html
The diaspora of African peoples as a
result of the slave trade
Royal African Company (1672)
King Charles II of England encouraged the expansion of the
slave trade. He granted a charter (1664) to a group of men,
the Royal Adventurers, who later became the Royal African
Company (1672). The king and the Duke of York backed
this enterprise by investing private funds. The charter stated
that the Company 'had the whole, entire and only trade for
buying and selling bartering and exchanging of for or with
any Negroes, slaves, goods, wares, merchandise
whatsoever'. The king therefore gave full support to this
system of trading.
The first Royal African
Company ships sailed from
Liverpool and Bristol, in
England, to develop their
commercial activity along
the West African coast.
The slave trade had a major impact
on the British economy. Ships loaded
with goods left Britain for the West
African coast. There, commodities
were bartered for all manner of
tropical products, including humans.
Military supplies were regularly
shipped to forts in West Africa. Royal
African Company schedules reveal a
methodical record-keeping system
for exchanging brass rods, cutlery
and guns manufactured in
Birmingham. The historian F. W.
Hackwood argues that the West
African slave trade was the chief
supporter of the gun industry in
Wednesbury and Darlaston, and
gunsmiths in the Midlands produced
most of the 150,000 guns which
British ships exchanged annually for
Africans.
Slaves for Guns
•West African rulers were instrumental
in the slave trade. They exchanged
their prisoners of war (rarely their own
people) for firearms manufactured in
Birmingham and elsewhere in Britain.
•With their newly acquired weapons,
kings and chiefs were able to expand
their territories.
•The slave trade had a profound effect
on the economy and politics of West
Africa, leading, in many cases, to an
increase in tension and violence.
European Forts in Africa
The 'factories' appearing on this map were
European forts or trading posts. Note that the
equator is referred to as the 'Aquinoctiall'
(equinoctial line).
“State and Condition of Cape Coast
Castle April 1771.List of the Company's
Slaves contin[ue]d.”
•The slave trade was responsible
for major disruption to the
people of Africa.
•Women and men were taken
young, in their most productive
years, thus damaging African
economies.
•The physical experience of
slavery was painful, traumatic
and long-lasting. We know this
from the written evidence of
several freed slaves.
•Captivity marked the beginning
of a dehumanizing process that
affected Western attitudes
towards African people.
The Slave Trade in Context
1. Compare slavery before 1500 with slavery in the early
modern era. (A chart may be helpful.) Also consider
continuities in your analysis.
2. Why did these changes in the institution of slavery
occur?
3. What implications would these changes have over the
long-term?
4. Why did Africa become the main source for slaves in
the early modern era?
5. According to the excerpt, the relationship between
slavery and racism has been much-debated; what are
the two views presented regarding the origins of
racism?