Transcript Slide 1

Plagiarism and APA Referencing
Ms Sue Dodd
Information Skills Training and
Development Manager
Library, Lower Ground Floor, Building E.
Tel ext: 1374
Agenda
• What is plagiarism?
• How & what do I have to reference?
• Turnitin
Questions
What is plagiarism?
• Definition ‘Plagiarism; namely
submitting work as the candidate’s own
of which the candidate is not the
author. This includes failure to
acknowledge clearly and explicitly the
ideas, words or work of another person
whether these are published or
unpublished.’ (BUE Examination and
assessment regulations 2007)
What is Plagiarism? (2)
• Plagiarism is copying somebody else’s
ideas and saying that it is your own work
• This includes writing, maps, pictures,
music, photographs –anything that uses
another person’s original thought. If you
use it without their permission, this is
• PLAGIARISM!
Why is Plagiarism Illegal?
• It may be breaking Copyright Law -see
• http://lib.bue.edu.eg/buecms/index.php/Copyright
• It is considered unethical, a form of
stealing or cheating
• Even if you are none of the above and
commit plagiarism accidentally, it can have
serious results. (See BUE Examination and Assessment
regulations)
It IS plagiarism when you…
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Copy ideas and words from books, journals, websites, etc. and present
them as your own
Copy from unpublished material (e.g. essays by other students or from
essay services)
Resubmit/recycle your own work
Submit work produced by others
Fail to reference correctly
- failing to reference facts (inc. charts, tables, etc.)
- failing to reference ideas
- failing to reference paraphrased material
It does NOT have to be ‘cut & paste’ to be plagiarism
It does NOT have to be from a website to be plagiarism
Causes of Plagiarism
• Lack of confidence
• Insufficient English language skills
• Inadequate essay writing skills
• Inadequate note-taking techniques
• Ignorance of academic conventions
• Incorrect/ inadequate referencing
• Time pressure
But sometimes also:
• Intention to deceive
Why do you need to reference
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To develop good academic practice
To show which ideas are not your own
To demonstrate your reading/research
To demonstrate understanding of the topic
To let the reader know where the facts and
ideas have come from
• To allow tutor to check details
• To avoid the charge of Plagiarism!
BUE Referencing Style
• The preferred referencing style at the BUE is APA –
American Psychological Association.
• This is known as an “Author- date” style of referencing
because the author and date of publication appear in the
in-text citation with full bibliographic details in the
reference list at the end.
• Copy of this can be found in the Student handbook or on
the Library website under Information Skills at
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http://lib.bue.edu.eg/buecms/images/8/8a/BUE_APA_Style_Guide.pdf
Always Give a Reference!
Show clearly, for the benefit of the reader, the
source of the material you have studied and….
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quoted
paraphrased
summarised
analysed
This is simply normal professional academic practice
How to use a source
• Quote: repeat exact words (written or spoken)
 as evidence, illustration, can’t possibly say it better
• Summarise: give shortened version of original
(written or spoken)
 to give background information
• Paraphrase: present original (written or spoken)
in your own words
 when original idea is more important than original
wording, to avoid direct quotes, to demonstrate your
understanding of the issue
Quotation
• Use sparingly and use “quotation marks”
• As Santrock (2005, p.5) states,
“psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes.”
• Psychology has been defined as, “the
scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.” (Santrock, 2005, p.5).
Long Quotation
A quotation of more than 4 typewritten lines or more than 40 words
does not need quotation marks but should be indented as a
separate paragraph with the in-text reference placed at the end.
As Soysal has observed, tensions between these two sets of factors are
increasingly evident:
The incorporation of postwar migrants is shaped both by the
historically encoded membership systems of European host polities
and by global changes in the concept and organization of
individual rights. In the postwar era, world-level pressures toward
more expanded individual rights have led to the increasing
incorporation of foreigners into existing membership schemes. (1994,
p. 29.)
Summary example
Original text:
“Individuals in groups also can become
deindividuated and thus behave much
differently than they would on their own”
(Santrock, 2005, p.664).
Summary:
The behaviour of people in groups may be
very different from when they are acting
alone. (Santrock, 2005, p.664).
One author from a book
Author surname, initial(s). (Year). Title. Place of
publication: Publisher.
Author surname, initial(s). (Year). Title: Subtitle.
Place of publication: Publisher.
Barrow, P. (2001). The best-laid business
plans: How to write them, how to pitch them.
London: Virgin Books Ltd.
Answer to Exercise
Hinnebusch, R. (2003). The international
politics of the Middle East. Manchester:
Manchester University Press.
Two authors
Author surname, initial(s). & Author
surname, initial(s). (Year). Title. Place of
publication: Publisher.
Anderson, K.N. & Anderson, L.E. (1993).
The international menu speller. New
York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Two authors – in-text
• When referencing the authors name in the body
of your work remember –
• Use the word and if it is not in brackets
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Anderson and Anderson(1993) claim. . .
• Use the symbol & if it is in brackets
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Though many American spellings are now accepted (Anderson & Anderson
1993). . .
• Use the symbol & in your reference list
Editor and Edition
Editor family name, initial(s). (Ed(s).). (Year).
Title. (ed.) Place of publication: Publisher.
Oshima, A. & Hogue, A. (Eds.). (1997).
Introduction to academic writing. (2nd
ed.). White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley
Longman.
In-text: (Oshima & Hogue, 1997)
Chapter in a book
Author of chapter family name, initial(s). (Year).
Title of entry. In editor initials, surname (Ed(s).),
Title (ed., page number(s)). Place of publication:
Publisher.
Battersby, D. (2005). Raising your game. In
E.M. Ineson (Ed.), Current issues in
international tourism development (pp. 192206). Sunderland: Business Education
Publishers Limited.
• In-text: (Battersby, 2005)
Journal Article from a database
Author family name, initial(s). (Year). Title of
article. Title of journal, volume number, (issue
number), page numbers. Retrieved from name
of database.
Wilson, D. (2003). Exploring the working life of
a female politician. Women in Management
Review, 18,(8), 389-397. Retrieved from
Emerald Library database.
In-text citation: (Wilson, 2003)
Answer to online journal exercise
Roberts, N.C. (2006). Public
entrepreneurship as social
creativity. World Futures, 62, 595609. Retrieved from Ebsco database.
Electronic Book
• The reference is the same as for a printed book
but at the end you need to put additional
information to show that it was accessed
electronically.
Depledge, J. (2005). The organization of global
negotiations: constructing the climate
change regime. London: Earthscan.
Retrieved from Ebrary database.
In-text citation: (Depledge, 2005)
Website with Author
Author. (Family name, Initial.) (Year). Title of
webpage. Retrieved from URL.
Hawking, S. (2000). Professor Stephen
Hawking’s website. Retrieved from
http://www.hawking.org.uk/home/hindex.html
In-text citation: (Hawking, 2000)
Answer to Website Exercise
• Rowe, D. (2010) Dorothy Rowe’s website.
Retrieved from
http://www.dorothyrowe.com.au
Website with No Author
• Look for the title of the webpage or the
associated homepage
• Title of webpage. (Year) Retrieved from URL.
• If there is no year of publication put (n.d.)
London 2012 Olympics. (n.d.) Retrieved from
http://www.london2012.com/
In-text citation: (London (n.d.))
Online Newspaper Article
Author. (Family name, Initial.) (Year, Month day). Title of
article. Title of newspaper. Retrieved from URL of home
page of newspaper.
Rice, X.(2009, March 24). Warning as humanitarian
crisis deepens in Darfur. The Guardian. Retrieved
from http://www.guardian.co.uk
In-text: (Rice, 2009)
Interviews/Personal
Communications
• No need to add them to the reference list if they
cannot be traced back to source.
• In-text citation:
Give initials and family name of person being
interviewed as well as the date of the interview.
In an interview with S. Dodd, Chairman of the
We Love Librarians Group, (10 October,
2010)…
Reference List
Adams, W.M. (1999). Sustainability in Cloke, P. et al (Eds.). Introducing human
geographies. London: Arnold.
Elliot, C., Hollis, F. & Katerdunk, S. (1990). Early water experience. New York:
Howard Press.
Harris, P. (1998). The young generation. Seattle: Costal University. Retrieved
from http://coastaluniversity.edu/younggen
Kirby, D.A. (2007). Leadership and the MBA: the need for a new paradigm?
Business Leadership Review. IV, 11.
Lobo, J. (1995). Latin American construction at a glance. Construction Review.
41, iv-vi. Retrieved from Expanded Academic ASAP database.
O’Dwyer, C. (1994). Homelessness: what’s the problem? London: Longman.
Across the Spectrum….
1.
Copying phrases, sentences or paragraphs word for word
without acknowledgement.
Plagiarism
2. Copying phrases, sentences or paragraphs, but making small
changes - e.g. replacing a few verbs, replacing words with
synonyms; acknowledgement in the bibliography.
Plagiarism
3. Cutting and pasting words, sentences or paragraphs, but
omitting one or two words, putting some sentences in a
different order; not using quotation marks but giving in-text
reference and including bibliography.
Plagiarism/poor practice
Good Academic Writing
1. Quoting a paragraph by placing it in block format
with the source cited in text and bibliography.
Fine
2. Paraphrasing ideas in own words, analysing the
argument, avoiding the original language and
reorganising the structure; varying detail and
using different examples; in-text citations; source
in bibliography.
Good
Use of
• Software to help detect plagiarism
• A tool to assist in deciding whether
plagiarism has occurred
• Requires electronic submission of
assignments
• Originality reports
Questions?