Transcript Lesson number: Title (from syllabus sheet)

L02. Making Crude Oil More Useful
Lesson Outcomes
APP AF2,AF3
PLTS effective participators, reflective learners
HSW 1d, 3a, 4a, 4b
Task 1: Describe how large
hydrocarbon molecules may be
converted into smaller ones
Grade C
Task 2: Explain why cracking is
carried out.
Grade B
Task 3: Discuss in simple terms the
political problems associated with
the exploitation of crude oil.
Grade A/A*
How I did
Targets
Connector: (Grade D)
• How is oil obtained?
• List some of the
environmental problems
involved.
• Write down a question based on these photos
• Then share this with a small group.
Does cleaning a bird’s feathers help?
What happens when water is
dripped onto a bird’s feather?
What substance is used to remove the crude oil from a bird’s feathers?
What effect does this have on the bird’s feathers?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KddYr4l6bqQ
Homework
• Homework task:
Supply and Demand Task Sheet
• Due date:
• Criteria for Grade C:
• Criteria for Grade B:
• Criteria for Grade A/A*:
BIG picture
• What skills will you be developing this lesson?
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ICT
Numeracy
Literacy 
Team work 
Self management 
Creative thinking 
Independent enquiry
Participation 
Reflection 
• How is this lesson relevant to every day life? (WRL/CIT)
Task 1 (Grade C)
• Task 1:
Describe how large
hydrocarbon molecules may be
converted into smaller ones
• Task 1: Extension
Keywords for Task 1:
• cracking
• catalyst
Catalytic Cracking
pressure
Big Molecules
Heat to
vaporise
Catalytic
cracker
Molecules
break up
Fractional distillation
tower
• Large hydrocarbons are broken into smaller molecules using
pressure, heat and a catalyst.
• This process is known as catalytic cracking.
• The small molecules produced are then separated by fractional
distillation.
Distillation
tower
Cracking a hydrocarbon in the laboratory
WARNING – to prevent suck back of
water remove the water trough as soon
as you stop heating the boiling tube.
Collect two test tubes of gas:
• Carefully ignite the gas in one of the tubes.
• Carefully add bromine water to the other tube, replace the
stopper and gently shake.
Task 1: Summary – Copy and complete
Catalytic Cracking
• Large hydrocarbons are broken into smaller molecules
using pressure, heat and a catalyst.
• This process needs a lot of energy because strong
chemical bonds are being broken.
• The small molecules produced are then separated by
fractional distillation.
• When carried out in the laboratory broken pottery is
used as the catalyst.
catalyst strong smaller pressure energy
fractional distillation broken pottery heat
Task 1: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Task 1:
Describe how large hydrocarbon
molecules may be converted
into smaller ones
Grade C
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 1?
Task 2 (Grade B)
• Task 2:
Explain why cracking is
carried out.
Keywords for Task 2:
• alkane
• alkene
• saturated
• unsaturated
• Task 2: Extension
Making better use of Crude Oil
• Small hydrocarbons are much more useful than those with long
chains.
• Crude oil contains lots of large molecules.
• These long chain hydrocarbons are broken down, by cracking,
into the more useful shorter chain molecules.
Big molecules
Small molecules
Medium
molecules
Fuel gas
Naphtha
Diesel
Petrol
Kerosine
Fuel Oil and bitumen
Catalytic Cracking
• In the catalytic cracker long chain molecules are split apart
or ‘cracked’. An example of such a reaction is:
H H H H H H H H
H C C C C C C C C H
H H H H H H H H
hexane
Heat
pressure
H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
Used as H H H H H H
Octane
catalyst
H
+
H
C
C=C
C
H
H
a fuel
C8H18  C6H14 + C2H4
ethene
Used
to make
plastics
Activity
• Draw out displayed formulae of a pair of products
formed by cracking decane
H H H H H H H H H H
H C C C C C C C C C C H
H H H H H H H H H H
Heat
pressure
catalyst
H H H H H H H H
H C C C C C C C C H
H H H H H H H H
octane
decane
H
+
H
C C
H
H
ethene
Saturated or Unsaturated?
• Saturated means “full up”.
• Alkanes are saturated.
• Every carbon atom has already used all four of it’s
bonds to join to four other atoms. No other atoms
can be added.
• Alkanes have C-C single bonds.
• Alkenes are unsaturated.
• Alkenes have a C=C double bond that could instead
become two single bonds. This means that other
atoms can be added. It is not “full up”.
• Alkenes are reactive compounds, and are often
used to make polymers.
Task 1: Summary
Write a sentence to explain:
• Why cracking is carried out.
• What the products of cracking are used for.
• The difference between an alkane and an alkene.
Compare your answers with your neighbour.
Task 2: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Task 2:
Explain why cracking is
carried out.
Grade B
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 2?
Task 3: (Grade A/A*)
• Task 3:
Discuss in simple terms the
political problems associated with
the exploitation of crude oil.
See page 7 in your text books, read
through the appropriate section,
and then write your own summary.
• Task 3: Extension
Keywords for Task 3:
• supply and demand
• oil refinery
• cracking
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Task 3: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Task 3:
Discuss in simple terms
the political problems
associated with the
exploitation of crude oil.
Grade A/A*
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 3?
Review of lesson
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Catalyst,
Can you explain these key words?
Cracking,
Oil refinery
Petrochemical
Over-supply
Alkane
Alkene
Technician’s list
Demo – water & oil on a feather
Large feather
Vegetable oil
Washing up liquid
Washing up bowl
Cracking experiment
Per group
Boiling tube with mineral wool soaked in paraffin oil and broken pottery catalyst
Delivery tube & bung
Water trough
2x test tubes & stoppers
Bromine water
Splints
Clamp stands
bunsens