Transcript Personality Unit Review

Personality Unit Review
Psychology
Personality
• Distinctive patterns of behaviors,
thoughts, and feelings that characterize
a person’s adaptation to life
Trait
• Relatively permanent individual
characteristics that help us
understand personality.
State
• A temporary change in one's
personality.
• Usually describes a person's reaction to
something
Id
• Allows us to get our basic needs met. (born
with)
Ego
• Meets the needs of the id, while taking
into consideration the reality of the
situation
Superego
• The moral part of us that develops in us due
to our caregivers.
Reality Principle
• Understanding that other people have
needs and desires and that sometimes
being impulsive or selfish can hurt us in
the long run
What purpose do defense
mechanism serve?
• Prevent undesirable or inappropriate
impulses from entering consciousness
Rationalization
• Supplying a logical or rational reason
as opposed to the real reason
• Ex: stating that you were fired because
you didn't kiss up to the boss, when the
real reason was your poor performance
Displacement
• Taking out impulses on a less threatening
target
• Ex: slamming a door instead of hitting as
person, yelling at your spouse after an
argument with your boss
Denial
• Arguing against an anxiety provoking
stimuli by stating it doesn't exist
• Ex: denying that your physician's diagnosis
of cancer is correct and seeking a second
opinion
Suppression
• Pushing into the unconscious
• Trying to forget something that causes
you anxiety
Intellectualization
• Avoiding unacceptable emotions by
focusing on the intellectual aspects
• Ex: focusing on the details of a funeral as
opposed to the sadness and grief
Regression
• Returning to a previous stage of
development
• Ex: sitting in a corner and crying after
hearing bad news; throwing a temper
tantrum when you don't get your way
Reaction Formation
• Taking the opposite belief because the
true belief causes anxiety
• Ex: having a bias against a particular
race or culture and then embracing that
race or culture to the extreme
Repression
• Pulling into the unconscious
• Ex: forgetting abuse from your
childhood due to the trauma and
anxiety
Sublimation
• Acting out unacceptable impulses in a
socially acceptable way
• Ex: sublimating your aggressive impulses
toward a career as a boxer; becoming a
surgeon because of your desire to cut;
lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy
Projection
• Placing unacceptable impulses in
yourself onto someone else
• Ex: when losing an argument, you state
"You're just Stupid;" or homophobia
What did Freud believe was a
pivotal factor in personality
development?
• Believed sexual impulses and their
gratification were pivotal factors in
personality development
What happens when the
Oedipus and Electra
complexes emerge during
adolescence?
• They are displaced, or transferred, to
socially appropriate members of the
opposite gender
According to Freud, what have
competitive businesswomen
failed to resolve?
• The Electra complex
What were Freud’s stages of
personality development
called?
• Psychosexual stages
How does Erikson’s
personality development
stages differ from Freud’s?
• Erikson placed less of an emphasis on
sexuality
• Accounts from birth till death
Describe Erikson’s psychosocial
stages
• Social rather than sexual stages of life
• In each stage a person faces certain conflicts and
challenges.
• Agrees with Freud of the importance of early childhood
How does Jung’s personality
theories differ from Freud’s?
•
Less emphasis on sexuality
•
disputed Freud’s idea of the unconscious
Neurotic Needs
• Ten Neurotic Needs- normal desires taken
to extremes
Ten Neurotic Needs
Need for…
1. Affection and
approval
2. A partner and dread
of being left alone
3. To restrict one’s life
and remain
inconspicuous
4. Power and control
over others
5. Exploit others
6. Recognition or
prestige
7. Personal admiration
8. Personal achievement
9. Self-sufficiency and
independence
10. Perfection and
unassailability
Basic Anxiety
• Lasting feelings of insecurity that stem from
harsh or indifferent parental treatment.
Karen Horney differences btwn
male and female personality
• Believed males and females had different
personalities due to society, not from
unconscious urges
Dealing with basic
anxiety/hostility
• Moving towards others: Neurotically, they
have a pathological need for constant
reminders of love and approval
• Moving against others: Earn power and
respect by competing or attacking
• Moving away from others: Protect
themselves by imagined hurt and rejection
by closing themselves off
Inferiority complex
• Feelings of inferiority serve as a central
motivating force.
• We all suffered from the inferiority complex
b/c of our small size as children
Compensation
• Making up for one’s own real or imagined
deficiencies (inferiority complex)
Humanist approach
• Very optimistic about human nature
• Personality is driven by needs to adapt,
grow, learn, and excel
Self actualizing personalities
• Healthy individuals who have met their
basic needs and are free to be creative and
fulfill their potentials
Fully functioning person
• A healthy, self-actualizing individual, that
has a self-concept that is both positive and
congruent with reality.
Self concept and congruency
• Having a realistic self concept with realistic
behaviors and events
• I am intelligent. I made honor roll this
grading period.
Conditional and unconditional
love
• Conditional love- anxiety, guilt, low selfesteem, mental disorders
• Unconditional love- healthy lifestyle and
personality
Observational Learning
• Learning new responses by watching
other’s behaviors
• In other words we figure out what works
and what doesn’t work by not having to go
through the process ourselves
Locus of control
• An individual’s sense of where his or her
life influences originate.
• Personal power
Internal locus of control
• You control what happens to you
External locus of control
• You have no control over what happens to
you