Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Chapter 11

Essential Question?

 Did Thomas Jefferson the president stay true to his Democratic Republican beliefs? How, or why not?

Jefferson’s Timeline     1800: Jefferson elected president 1801: Judiciary Act  01-05: War with Tripoli 1803: Marbury v. Madison  Louisiana Purchase 1804-06: Lewis and Clark Expedition    1804: Reelected president 1806: Burr’s treason trial 1807: Chesapeake Affair  Embargo Act

Federalist and Republican Mudslingers   Federalist military spending left them vulnerable to criticism.

Federalists tried to defame Thomas Jefferson through numerous accusations:   Fathered children with a slave (true!) Anti-Christian rhetoric

The Jeffersonian “Revolution of 1800”     In the 1800 Presidential election, Jefferson became the 1 st person to defeat a sitting president.

Jefferson actually tied with his running mate Aaron Burr Burr refused to back down with the presidency in sight Lead to 12 th Amendment   When no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the House of Representatives decides.

Jefferson called it a revolution because the people had peacefully changed the direction of the nation.

1800 Election Results

Responsibility Breeds Moderation     1 st president inaugurated in DC Inaugural address, “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” (What does he mean?) Jefferson broke “fancy” tradition 

State of the Union

person not delivered in Left many Federalists in office

Jeffersonian Restraint    Influenced Congress to repeal the

Excise Tax

Secretary of Treasury

Albert Gallatin

lowered the federal debt.

Jefferson left many Federalist programs in place  Bank of US

The “Dead Clutch” of the Judiciary   Adams and Congress approved 16 federal judges in his last few days (

Midnight Judges)

New Chief Justice

John Marshall

carried on the Federalist ideals for 34 years!

  One Midnight Judge, William Marbury sued the Jefferson administration when he was not allowed to be a judge.

Marbury v. Madison

: single most important Supreme Court case, established

Judicial Review

Judicial Review     Not included in the Constitution Power “assumed” by the Supreme Court Judicial check over legislative and executive branch Ability to declare a law or executive order

unconstitutional

(invalid)

Chief Justice John Marshall

Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior   Believed in a small military force   Costs less $ Less chance for a coup The Barbary Pirates captured countless sailors and held them ransom.

  The nation of Tripoli (modern Libya) declared war when the US refused to pay the ransom.

US won the war (1801-1805), freed captives

The Louisiana Godsend    In 1800, France gains control of Louisiana from Spain.

1803: Jefferson sends a delegation to France to buy New Orleans for $10 million.

Napoleon offered the entire Louisiana Territory to the US for $15 million.

   Jefferson struggled with the constitutionality of the issue, but the idea of doubling the US won out.

Senate approved treaty.

Louisiana Purchase was the equivalent to $.03 an acre!

Louisiana in the Long View     1804: Jefferson sent

Lewis and Clark

to explore the Louisiana territory 1 st whites to travel through modern Nebraska, SD, ND, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington and Oregon.

Discovered new lands, flora and fauna, American Indian groups Took 2.5 years!

Lewis and Clark

The Route

The Aaron Burr Conspiracies     VP Burr dropped from ticket for Jefferson's 2 nd term Plotted secession schemes in New England and Louisiana Alexander Hamilton exposed plots, Burr challenged to a duel, shot and killed Hamilton.

Tried and acquitted of treason

A Precarious Neutrality     Jefferson reelected in 1804 UK and France’s war made trading difficult for US UK practiced

impressments

, 6,000 US sailors forced into UK Navy 1807:

Chesapeake Incident

; UK fired on US naval vessel killing 3

The Hated Embargo     UK and France depended on US food Congress approves the

Embargo Act

prohibited all US exports which US merchants and farmers suffer New England talked of secession, Congress replaced the Embargo Act with the Non Intercourse Act in 1809 (allowed trade with anyone except UK and France)

Why the Embargo Failed     UK began getting grain from Latin America France had conquered enough of Europe to sustain itself.

Illegal trade flourished Highly unpopular with Americans

Madison Timeline (1 st Term)     1808: Elected president 1809:

Non-Intercourse Act

replaces

Embargo Act

1811:

Battle of Tippecanoe

1812: US declares war on UK

James Madison

Madison’s Gamble     Jefferson followed Washington’s tradition of serving 2 terms.

James Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State

Macon’s Bill #2

opened trade to UK and France; made US look weak Eventually lead to US passing an Embargo against UK alone, UK mad!

Tecumseh and the Prophet    Many in Congress wanted war with UK (

War Hawks)

War Hawks also wanted to push Indians pas the Mississippi 2 Shawnee brothers,

Tecumseh

and

“The Prophet”

united all eastern Indian nations (UK supplied weapons)   William H. Harrison (future president), lead a militia to Tecumseh’s base near the Tippecanoe River (Indiana), defeated Indians Pushed Tecumseh’s coalition even closer to UK; they would be allies in the

War of 1812.

Mr. Madison’s War     War Hawks, expansionists, Republicans – Many were itching for war Federalists and New England against Congress declares war against UK in 1812 New England actually lent money and food to UK!

Essential Question?

 Did Thomas Jefferson the president stay true to his Democratic Republican beliefs? How, or why not?