Transcript Early American Foreign Policy

Early American Foreign
Policy
US History
Standard
QC-B1M – Evaluate, take and defend positions on the development of
US foreign policy during the early 19th century.
I. Washington
A. Domestic Issues
1. Cabinet – Heads of executive departments created for the purpose of
advising the government on specific issues.
2. Judiciary Act of 1789 – Organization of the federal district court and
established Supreme Court justices for the Supreme Court
3. Bank of the United States – proposed by Alexander Hamilton, would have
power to make loans, issue paper money and manage the countries debt.
4. Whiskey Rebellion – Rebellion against an excise tax on whiskey.
Washington sent 13,000 troops to crush the rebellion.
5. Rise of political parties – Federalists v. Democrat Republicans.
I. Washington
Hamilton and the Federalists
Jefferson and the Democrat Republicans
Strong National Government
Strong State Government
Ruling power given to wealthy, educated
Ruling power given to all landowners
Government should promote manufacturing
Government should promote agriculture
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Protective tariffs protect domestic industries
Protective tariffs burden farmers
I. Washington
B. Foreign Issues
1. French Revolution
A. Federalists turned against the French – tended to be pro British
B. Democrat Republicans – Supported the French and their fight for liberty.
2. Neutrality Proclamation – Declared the US to be friendly and impartial
towards warring nations
A. Jay’s Treaty - calmed tensions with Great Britain over trade
B. Pinckney’s Treaty – granted the US the right to navigate the Mississippi and to deposit
goods at the port of New Orleans.
I. Washington
B. Foreign Issues
3. Political parties soon forced Washington to retire.
4. Washington’s Farewell Address
A.
B.
C.
D.
Urged Americans to support the federal government
Avoid sectionalism
Dangers of Political parties
Warned against permanent alliances to foreign countries.
II. Adams
A. Foreign Issues
1. France –
A.
B.
C.
French Revolution aroused concerns for most Americans
French were extremely upset with Jay’s Treaty and they began to seize American ships
Adams tried diplomacy to ease tensions between the two
1.
2.
3.
XYZ Affair- French demanded a $250,000 bribe in order to negotiate
Quasi War – undeclared war at sea between the French and the US.
Napoleon- Eventually, the US and France were able to settle the issues when Napoleon
came into power.
XYZ Affair
II. Adams
B. Domestic Issues
1. Alien and Sedition ActA.
B.
C.
Created by a dominated Federalist Congress to crush the pro French Democratic
Republicans(Thomas Jefferson).
Alien Act-Aimed at immigrants who planned to vote Jefferson, allowed the president
to deport any alien he deemed dangerous to society.
Sedition Act-outlawed conspiracy to prevent the enforcement of federal laws and
punished subversive speech—with fines and imprisonment
Alien Sedition Act
II. Adams
C. Election of 1800
Major Players
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Aaron Burr
Alexander Hamilton
Issues
Alien and Sedition Acts
Relationship with Britain or French
States Rights
Outcome
Jefferson wins
Tension between Burr and Hamilton
Passage of the 12th Amendment
III. Jefferson
A. Domestic Issues
1. Kentucky Virginia Resolutions – If a state disagrees with a federal law,
they have the right to nullify or void that law.
2. Marbury v Madison –established the Supreme Courts right to judicial
review
A.
B.
Midnight Judges- Adams’ judges who signed appointments all the way until midnight
of his term.
Judicial Review- determining the constitutionality of a law.
III. Jefferson
B. Foreign Issues
1. The Louisiana Purchase
A.
B.
C.
D.
In an attempt to prevent the Spanish from obtaining anymore power in North
America, Jefferson made a deal with Napoleon to purchase the Louisiana territory.
For $15 million, Jefferson doubled the size of the United States.
Many say the purchase is unconstitutional because Jefferson did not obtain
permission from Congress to make the purchase.
Lewis and Clark1.
2.
Exploratory quest to obtain information about the Louisiana territory
8000 miles from St. Louis to the Pacific took 2.5 years to complete
Louisiana Purchase
III. Jefferson
B. Foreign Issues
1. Embargo Act –
A.
B.
Britain was angry with the American and French relationships
Began to capture American merchants at sea and force them to take part in the
British Army.
1. Impressments
C.
D.
Embargo Act of 1807 prevented Americans from trading with European nations
Significantly crippled American economy and at the end of his presidency, Jefferson
agreed to change the act.
IV. Madison
A. Domestic Issues
1. National Bank- Hamilton’s national bank was not renewed, Henry Clay
and others deemed the bank to be unconstitutional.
2. Battle of Tippecanoe –
A.
B.
C.
Issues between Natives in the Northwest Territory led to a bloody battle between
Tecumseh and American troops.
Outcome not cut and dry but discouraged the Natives from rallying once again in a
unified matter
Let many people to question the actions of the British
Madison Presidency
IV. Madison
B. Foreign Issues
1. Worsening relationships with European countries
A.
B.
France – Began engaging in hostile acts against American ships.
British - a series of events eventually leads to what many call the “2nd war of
independence”, the War of 1812