Transcript Slide 1
Chapter 7
Cognition
Piaget
Adaptation
Adjusting
Using
to the environment
assimilation and accommodation
Intelligence = Adaptation
Constructivism
Children
use
construct own reality
their experiences (schemes)
Piaget
Assimilation
Using
existing schemes to interpret new
experiences
E.g.,
Birds are things that fly
Accommodation
Modifying
schemes to fit new
experience
E.g.,
Butterflies are different than Birds
even though they both fly
Figure 7.1, page 174
Piaget
Four stages/changes in ability to reason
Sensorimotor:
birth to 2 years
Preoperational:
Concrete
Formal
2 to 7 years
operations: 7 to 11 years
operations: 12+ years
Invariant sequence
Rates may vary
Requires maturation and experience
Piaget
Sensorimotor Stage
Newborn uses reflexes to understand
world
Eventually - mental representation
Object Permanence
Symbolic Capacity
Language
Table 7.1, page 175
Preoperational Stage
Ages 2 – 7: preschool
May
have imaginary companions
Egocentric thinkers
Problem solving limited
Classification
and Seriation problems
Lack conservation
Perceptual
salience
Irreversible thinking
Centration
Figure 7.4
Concrete Operations
Age 7-11
Can conserve
Decentration
Reversible thinking
Logical thinking (limited to reality)
Seriation and classification
Transitive
thinking:
“ If J is taller than M, and M is taller
than S, who is taller – J or S?”