Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 7
Cognition
Piaget
 Adaptation
 Adjusting
 Using
to the environment
assimilation and accommodation
 Intelligence = Adaptation
 Constructivism
 Children
 use
construct own reality
their experiences (schemes)
Piaget
 Assimilation
 Using
existing schemes to interpret new
experiences
 E.g.,
Birds are things that fly
 Accommodation
 Modifying
schemes to fit new
experience
 E.g.,
Butterflies are different than Birds
even though they both fly
Figure 7.1, page 174
Piaget
 Four stages/changes in ability to reason
 Sensorimotor:
birth to 2 years
 Preoperational:
 Concrete
 Formal
2 to 7 years
operations: 7 to 11 years
operations: 12+ years
 Invariant sequence
 Rates may vary
 Requires maturation and experience
Piaget
Sensorimotor Stage
 Newborn uses reflexes to understand
world
 Eventually - mental representation
Object Permanence
 Symbolic Capacity
Language
Table 7.1, page 175
Preoperational Stage
 Ages 2 – 7: preschool
 May
have imaginary companions
 Egocentric thinkers
 Problem solving limited
 Classification
and Seriation problems
 Lack conservation
 Perceptual
salience
 Irreversible thinking
 Centration
Figure 7.4
Concrete Operations
 Age 7-11
 Can conserve
 Decentration
 Reversible thinking
 Logical thinking (limited to reality)
 Seriation and classification
 Transitive

thinking:
“ If J is taller than M, and M is taller
than S, who is taller – J or S?”