Transcript Cognitive Development - Lincoln Park High School

Cognitive Development
Pages 87-94
Jean Piaget and Cognitive
Development
• Children at same ages got
same questions wrong on
IQ tests
• Piaget’s idea - “Maybe
children’s thought isn’t
just simpler than adults,
but different”
• Stages of Development
Piaget’s important concepts
• Schemas – a concept or framework that organizes and
interprets information
▫ An active process
• Assimilation – incorporating our experiences into
existing schemas
• Accomodation – information that doesn’t fit will lead
to a changing or new schema
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
Typical Age
Range
Description
of Stage
Developmental
Phenomena
Birth to nearly 2 years
Sensorimotor
Experiencing the world through
senses and actions (looking,
touching, mouthing)
•Object permanence
•Stranger anxiety
About 2 to 6 years
Preoperational
Representing things
with words and images
but lacking logical reasoning
•Pretend play
•Egocentrism
•Language development
About 7 to 11 years
Concrete operational
•Conservation
Thinking logically about concrete
•Mathematical
events; grasping concrete analogies
transformations
and performing arithmetical operations
About 12 through
adulthood
Formal operational
Abstract reasoning
•Abstract logic
•Potential for
moral reasoning
Sensorimotor (birth -2)
• Acquire knowledge through
the senses
• Learn through manipulation
Sensorimotor
 Object Permanence (around 6 months)
 the awareness that things continue to exist even
when not perceived.
 Object permanence 2 - YouTube
Preoperational (2-7)
• “Prelogical”
• Gains in language – symbols represent sounds
• Fantasy play
Preoperational Stage
• Children in the
preoperational
stage are
egocentric (the
inability to take on
another’s point of
view).
Egocentrism
Preoperational Stage
• Difficulty with
Conservation – the
principle that
properties such as
mass, volume, and
number remain the
same despite changes
in the forms of
objects
• Conservation task YouTube
Concrete Operational (7-11)
• Thinking and logic are tied to concrete reality.
• Understands reversibility – 9+5 and 5+9 are the
same
• “Friendship is when someone plays with me.”
• Cannot understand hypotheticals (what if’s)
Formal Operational (12 and up)
• We can reason abstractly.
▫ “Friendship is mutual trust, loyalty, empathy, and
shared beliefs.”
• If John is in school, then Mary is in school. John
is in school. What can you say about Mary?
• God is love. Love is blind. Stevie Wonder is
blind. Stevie Wonder is God.
Criticisms of Piaget
• Human development does seem to unfold in his
sequence around the globe BUT
▫ It maybe displayed earlier in certain areas of cognition
▫ Does a child reach the formal operational stage in all
subject areas at the same time?
 Formal operational looks different in non-Western cultures