Transcript Sex Education - Tumwater School District / Tumwater School

What do you know about sex,
your reproductive systems,
human growth and development?
• What have your parents taught you?
• What have your siblings taught you?
• What have your friends taught you?
• What has the media taught you?
• What have you taught yourself?
Sex Education…..
I will teach you…….
What you need to know about
your reproductive system, how to
take care of your reproductive
system, & choices,
consequences, and
responsibilities with sexual
relations, & relationships
We change, develop, & Mature
Secondary Sex Characteristics
The secondary sexual characteristics. At
puberty in both sexes, there is a growth
spurt, an increase in body hair, the
development of pubic hair, and
increase in genital size. In females
breasts develop, hips broaden, and
periods start. In males the voice breaks
and facial hair develops.
Why does this happen and
when?
Hormones….. that’s what
happens!
In humans the development of secondary sexual
characteristics is stimulated at puberty by the hormone
oestrogen in women and testosterone in men.
Testosterone is produced in the testes of males, while
oestrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries of
females. Women develop breasts and wider hips; men
develop a deeper voice, body and facial hair, and stronger
body odour; and both develop hair in underarm and genital
regions. However, at puberty the reproductive organs also
mature as a consequence of growth and changes in
circulating hormones, ready for sexual reproduction.
When does this occur?
• Secondary sex characteristics of girls
12 to 17 years of age: the U.S. Health
Examination Survey.
• Secondary sex characteristics of girls
15 to 22 years of age: the U.S. Health
Examination Survey.
The differences between male and
female reproductive system.
Let’s look at the male
reproductive system
first!
Penis
The penis is the external sex organ of the male through which both urine
and semen pass. It consists of three cylinder-shaped bodies of spongy tissue
filled with tiny blood vessels, which run the length of the organ. Two of these
bodies lie side by side in the upper portion of the penis. The third is a tube
which lies centrally beneath the others and expands at the end to form the tip of
the penis, which is called the "glans." The penis transfers sperm to the
woman's body during sexual intercourse and is a duct for the disposal of fluid
waste. The penis becomes erect during sexual excitement, because extra
blood is pumped into spongy tissues, resulting in enlargement and hardening
which allows penetration into the female organ. The "head" of the penis is
called the "glans" and is normally covered with a protective, retractable skin or
"hood." This skin is often cut off at birth, or "circumcised," and it is believed that
its removal lessens risk of cancer and bacterial infections. At the center of the
penis is a tube which carries urine from the bladder and semen from the
prostate gland, called the "urethra." During sexual intercourse, reflexes prevent
urine from entering this duct and alkaline solutions are produced and secreted
to flush out any traces of urine from the urethra before semen is secreted.
Penis Size Facts
• This means the great majority of penises
measure between 15cm and 18cm (6-7
inches) when erect, with the average
figure being about 16.5cm (6.5 inches).
• A non-erect penis usually measures
between 8.5cm and 10.5cm (3-4 inches)
from tip to base.
Testicles
The scrotum is a sac that hangs under the penis and holds the testes.
It is divided internally into two halves by a membrane; each half
containing a testis. It has an outer layer of thin, wrinkled skin over a
layer of tissue which contains muscle. The testicle lies inside the
scrotum and produces as many as 12 trillion sperm in a male's
lifetime, about 400 million of which are ejaculated in one average
intercourse. Each sperm takes about seventy-two days to mature and
its maturity is overseen by a complex interaction of hormones. The
scrotum has a built-in thermostat, which keeps the sperm at the correct
temperature. It may be surprising that the testicles should lie in such a
vulnerable place, outside the body, but it is too hot inside. The sperm
production needs a temperature which is three to five degrees below
body temperature. If it becomes too cool on the outside, the scrotum
will contract to bring the testes closer the body for warmth.
Undescended Testes
• This event takes place late in fetal development,
during the eighth month of gestation. In some
newborn boys the testes are not present in the
scrotum, either because the testes did not
descend or because the testes never developed
in the fetus.
•
Eighty percent of all undescended testes cases naturally correct themselves
during the first year of life. Only 3 to 4 percent of full-term baby boys have
undescended testes, and half of those complete the journey by the age of
three months. Up to 30 percent of boys born prematurely have testes that
have not yet made the full descent. In 5 percent of cases of undescended
testes, the testis on one side is completely absent. In 10 percent of cases,
both testes are completely absent.
Prostate Gland
The prostate gland is a solid, chestnut-shaped organ
surrounding the first part of the urethra (tube which carries
the urine and semen) in the male. It produces secretions
which form a part of the semen. The prostate gland lies just
under the bladder and in front of the rectum. It consists of
two main zones: the inner zone, which produces secretions
to keep the lining of the male urethra moist, and the outer
zone, which produces seminal fluids to facilitate the
passage of semen into the female. The "urethra" is a twostemmed duct leading from the bladder and from the
prostate gland into the penis.
Cowper's Glands
The Cowper's, glands, are two small
structures about the size of peas, which are
located below the prostate gland. They are
composed of many tubes whose linings
secrete a fluid that is released in response
to sexual stimulation to provide some
lubrication to the end of the penis in
preparation for sexual intercourse. Most of
the lubricating, however, is provided by the
female reproductive organs.
Vas Deferens
The vas deferens is a muscular tube that begins at the
lower end of the epididymis and passes upward along the
side of the testis to become part of the spermatic cord. It
passes through the inguinal canal, enters the abdominal
cavity, and courses over the pelvic brim. From there, it
extends back into the pelvic cavity, where it ends behind
the urinary bladder. Near its termination, it becomes dilated
into a portion called the "ampulla." Just outside the prostate
gland, the tube becomes slender again and unites with the
duct of a seminal vesicle. The fusion of these two ducts
forms an ejaculatory duct, which passes through the
substance of the prostate gland and empties into the
urethra through a slit-like opening.
Fill-in your Diagrams
Facts about sperm……..
Production
• Sperm are produced in the testes, where it takes
approximately 10 weeks for a single soldier to reach
maturity
• Matured sperm is stored in the epididymis - the coil
like structure that runs across the top of each
testicle.
• Sperm can remain in the epididymis for about a
fortnight before being delivered up as ejaculate, or
broken down and reabsorbed by the body.
(con’t) Facts about Sperm
Content and Delivery
• Semen doesn't just contain sperm, but fluids secreted by
several glands during ejaculation.
• During sexual arousal, and close to the point of climax, semen
travels from the epididymis through a tube called the vas
deferens. Here, it picks up a fluid rich in fructose - a sugary
substance that acts a bit like rocket fuel.
• Other fluids kick in along the way to the urethra (the tube that
runs the length of the penis). This comes from the prostate
gland, the Cowper's glands and the seminal vesicles. Some
secretions are designed to neutralize acids (such as urine
traces in the urethra), others provide vital enzymes).
• The finished product contains approximately just 10% sperm.
The rest consists of enzymes, vitamin C, calcium, protein,
sodium, zinc, citric acid and fructose sugar.
(con’t) Facts about Sperm
Interesting Facts
• There is no need to have sex or masturbate to ejaculation for
health reasons. The body can happily cope with unused sperm,
with no impact on fertility or sex drive.
• Every day, a healthy adult male can produce around 70 to 150
million sperm, while an average teaspoon-sized 'serving'
contains between 200 and 500 million of the lil' wrigglers.
• Semen consistency varies from day to day, but can become
thick or lumpy if you've been unwell or feeling a bit peaky. It
has no impact on fertility, however, but if you're experiencing
any pain or discharge (or you're concerned in any way) then
don't hesitate to check it out with your GP to check for any
underlying medical problem.
Now let’s take a look at the female
reproductive system.
Vagina
The vagina is a muscular passage which forms a
part of the female sex organs and which connects
the neck of the uterus (called the "cervix") with the
external genitals. The vagina, which is
approximately two and one-half to four inches long,
has muscular walls which are supplied with
numerous blood vessels. These walls become erect
when a woman is aroused as extra blood is pumped
into these vessels. The vagina has three functions:
as a receptacle for the penis during love-making; as
a outlet for blood during menstruation; and as a
passageway for the baby to pass through at birth.
Ovaries
The ovaries are a pair of oval or almond-shaped
glands which lie on either side of the uterus and just
below the opening to the fallopian tubes. In addition
to producing eggs or "ova," the ovaries produce
female sex hormones called estrogen and
progesterone. The ovaries produce a female
hormone, called estrogen, and store female sex cells
or "ova." The female, unlike the male, does not
manufacture the sex cells. A girl baby is born with
about 60,000 of these cells, which are contained in
sac-like depressions in the ovaries. Each of these
cells may have the potential to mature for fertilization,
but in actuality, only about 400 ripen during the
woman's lifetime.
Fallopian Tubes
The fallopian tube extends from the uterus to the ovary. This tube
carries eggs and sperm and is where fertilization of the egg, or "ovum"
takes place. The fallopian tubes lie in the pelvic portion of the
abdominal cavity and each tube reaches from an ovary to become the
upper part of the uterus. This funnel-shaped tube is about three inches
in length. The larger end of the funnel is divided into feathery, fingerlike projections which lie close to the ovary. These beating projections,
along with muscle contractions, force the ovum down the funnel's small
end, which opens into the uterus. After sexual intercourse, sperm swim
up this funnel from the uterus. The lining of the tube and its secretions
sustain both the egg and the sperm, encouraging fertilization and
nourishing the egg until it reaches the uterus. If an egg splits in two
after fertilization, identical or "maternal" twins are produced. If separate
eggs are fertilized by different sperm, the mother gives birth to unidentical or "fraternal" twins.
Uterus
The uterus or "womb" is a hollow, muscular organ in which a
fertilized egg, called the "zygote," becomes embedded and in
which the egg is nourished and allowed to develop until birth.
It lies in the pelvic cavity behind the bladder and in front of
the bowel. The uterus usually tilts forward at a ninety degree
angle to the vagina, although in about 20%% of women, it
tilts backwards. The uterus is lined with tissues which change
during the menstrual cycle. These tissues build under the
influence of hormones from the ovary. When the hormones
withdraw after the menstrual cycle, the blood supply is cut off
and the tissues and unfertilized egg are shed as waste.
During pregnancy, the uterus stretches from three to four
inches in length to a size which will accommodate a growing
baby. During this time, muscular walls increase from two to
three ounces to about two pounds and these powerful
muscles release the baby through the birth canal with great
force. The womb shrinks back to half its pregnant weight
before a baby is a week old. By the time the baby is a month
old, the uterus may be as small as when the egg first
entered.
Cervix
The lower one-third of the uterus is the
tubular "cervix," which extends downward
into the upper portion of the vagina. The
cervix surrounds the opening called the
"cervical orifice," through which the uterus
communicates with the vagina.
Labia Minor
The labia (singular, labium) minor are flattened
lengthwise into folds located with the cleft
between the labia major. These folds extend
along either side of the vestibule. They are
composed of connective tissue that is richly
supplied with blood vessels, causing a pinkish
appearance. In the back, near the anus, the
labia minor merge with the labia major, while in
the front they converge to form a hood-like
covering around the clitoris.
Labels the female parts on your
diagrams…..
Facts about Menstruation?
It is a pain in the vagina!
First, the egg.
Female's ovaries
The average female's ovaries contain
about two million eggs. Each egg contains
the genetic code of countless generations
of human beings.
What is menstruation?
Menstruation is a woman's monthly bleeding,
also called a period. When you menstruate,
your body is shedding the lining of the uterus
(womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus
through the small opening in the cervix, and
passes out of the body through the vagina.
Most menstrual periods last from three to five
days.
What is the menstrual cycle?
• Menstruation is part of the menstrual cycle, which
prepares your body for pregnancy each month. A
cycle is counted from the first day of one period to the
first day of the next period. The average menstrual
cycle is 28 days long. Cycles can range anywhere
from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21 to 45 days in
young teens.
• Body chemicals called hormones rise and fall during
the month to make the menstrual cycle happen.
What happens during the menstrual cycle?
In the first half of the cycle, levels of estrogen (the “female hormone”)
start to rise and make the lining of the uterus (womb) grow and
thicken. At the same time, an egg (ovum) in one of the ovaries starts
to mature. At about day 14 of a typical 28-day cycle, the egg leaves
the ovary. This is called ovulation.
After the egg has left the ovary it travels through the fallopian tube to
the uterus. Hormone levels rise and help prepare the uterine lining for
pregnancy. A woman is most likely to get pregnant during the three
days before ovulation or on the day of ovulation. Keep in mind,
women with cycles that are shorter or longer than average may
ovulate earlier or later than day 14.
If the egg is fertilized by a man’s sperm cell and attaches to the
uterine wall, the woman becomes pregnant. If the egg is not fertilized,
it will break apart. If pregnancy does not occur, hormone levels drop,
and the thickened lining of the uterus is shed during the menstrual
period.
In the picture below, the egg has left the ovary and is on its way
through the fallopian tube to the uterus.
What is a typical menstrual period like?
During your period, the thickened uterine lining and
extra blood are shed through the vaginal canal. Your
period may not be the same every month and it may
not be the same as other women's periods. Periods
can be light, moderate, or heavy, and the length of
the period also varies. While most periods last from
three to five days, anywhere from two to seven days
is normal. For the first few years after menstruation
begins, longer cycles are common. A woman's cycle
tends to shorten and become more regular with age.
Most of the time, periods will be in the range of 21 to
45 days apart.
When does a girl usually get her first period?
In the United States, the average age is 12. This
does not mean that all girls start at the same age. A
girl can start her period anytime between the ages of
eight and 15. Usually, the first period starts about two
years after breasts first start to grow. If a girl has not
had her first period by age 15, or if it has been more
than two to three years since breast growth started,
she should see a doctor.
They typically stop having their periods around 50
which is called menopause.
Tampons and Hygiene Products
How often should I change my
pad/tampon?
• Pads should be changed as often as
needed, before the pad is soaked with
blood. Each woman decides for herself
what works best. Tampons should be
changed at least every four to eight hours.
Problems associated with our
reproductive system:
• Females: STD’s, cancers, tumors,
fibroids, infertility, infections, and
endometriosis
• Males: STD’s, infertility, impotence,
infections, cancers, and tumors
Taking care of your system….
1. Self-examinations
2. See a doctor (when you become sexual
active see a doctor each year)
3. Health, hygiene, and nutrition
4. Reduce stress
5. Drugs will effect your reproductive
system.
The testicular self exam is best performed after a warm bath or shower.
(Heat relaxes the scrotum, making it easier to spot anything abnormal)
Lance Armstrong and others
You've said that you knew something
was wrong 3 years before you got
diagnosed with TC--why did you wait
so long?
I didn't know...I would've still been waiting
if it hadn't started hurting, it just got so
painful I couldn't sit on my bike any more.
Breast Self Examination
PELVIC EXAMINATION
1. Pap smear (check to see
irregular cells)
2. STD check
The best time is right after your
period.
Beginning in your 20s
So those are your reproductive
systems…..
Questions?
Sexual Intercourse…..
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Relationships
Communication with partner
Abstinence
Protected Sex
Unprotected Sex
Fertilization
Relationships…..
• What are characteristics of a healthy and
unhealthy relationship?
Healthy……..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mutual Respect
Honesty
Trust
Fairness/equality
Support
Good Communication
Unhealthy Relationship…..
Ask yourself, does my boyfriend or
girlfriend:
• get angry when I don't drop everything for him or her?
• criticize the way I look or dress, and say I'll never be able
to find anyone else who would date me?
• keep me from seeing friends or from talking to any other
guys or girls?
• want me to quit an activity, even though I love it?
• ever raise a hand when angry, like he or she is about to
hit me?
• try to force me to go further sexually than I want to?
Communication…..
1. Two-way
2. What are each of goals and life
ambitions?
3. Thoughts about intimacy
4. Thoughts on children
5. Can you be open, honest……..
6. Others…..?
Abstinence Facts
• NOT everybody is doing it. The percentage of high school males
who have ever had sex declined from 57% in 1991 to 49% in 2001.
The proportion of high school girls who reported having sex
decreased from 51% in 1991 to 43% in 2001.
• Teens do not think it is embarrassing to say they are virgins.
The vast majority of teens (73%) surveyed recently do not think it is
embarrassing for teens to say they are virgins.
• Most teens who have had sex wish they had waited. Sixty-seven
percent of teens surveyed who have had sexual intercourse wish
they had waited longer. Of those who have had sex, more than onehalf of teen boys (60%) and the great majority of teen girls (77%)
said they wish they had waited longer to have sex.
• Teens say sex is not acceptable for high school-age teens.
Close to six in 10 teens (58%) surveyed recently said sexual activity
for high school-age teens is not acceptable, even if precautions are
taken against pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
•
•
•
•
Teens say they should be given a strong abstinence message. Ninetyfour percent of teens say that it is important for teens to be given a strong
message from society that they should abstain from sex until they are at
least out of high school.
Teens decide to delay becoming sexually active for many different
reasons. In one survey of teen girls, "values and morals" was the most
common reason given. Others included wanting to avoid pregnancy and
sexually transmitted diseases, or because they were waiting for the "right"
partner.
Teen males' approval of premarital sex is declining. The proportion of
adolescent males aged 17-19 who approve of premarital sex when a couple
does not plan to marry decreased from 80% in 1988 to 71% in 1995.
College freshmen are less likely to approve of casual sex. A record low
40% of college freshmen (down from a record high of 52% in 1987) agree
that "if two people really like each other, it's all right for them to have sex
even if they've known each other for a very short time."
Abstinence is the only surefire way to
avoid getting pregnant or to contract a
sexually transmitted disease. It is 100
percent effective.
•
There are abstinence organizations that
offer virginity pledges. Participants sign a
form that states they will wait until marriage
to become sexually active. Some of these
organizations have religious ties, while
others are affiliated with schools and
colleges.
Abstinence isn't always easy or practical,
and sometimes people change their minds
about it. For this reason, it is crucial to
know about other birth control methods
and to understand risky behavior.
Birth control methods: what's effective?
If you decide you are ready to have sex, or if you're
having sex already, there are two huge issues to
think about: safer sex and birth control. Safer sex
helps you protect yourself from sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs), while birth control helps prevent
pregnancy. If you are having sex and not protecting
yourself on either or both of these fronts, you are
treating yourself and your sex partner with a
tremendous amount of disrespect, and are and
putting both of you at risk.
•
Take a look at the birth control
methods……….
Barrier Methods
Condom Do’s…..
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do buy your condoms from a pharmacist or reputable brand vending machine or other reliable
source, not from a street trader.
Do check the sell-by date when you buy - the further ahead it is, the better.
Do choose a reputable brand
Do make sure you have several with you, in case you damage one or it goes on wrongly.
Do be careful as you unwrap the condom – they can be damaged by teeth, fingernails and
jewellery.
Do be careful not to unroll the condom inside out
Do use a water-based lubricant if needed, such as KY Gel
Do put the condom on before your penis touches your partner's genitals. It is possible for a
woman to become pregnant if any sperm are spilt near the entrance of the vagina even if you do
not have full intercourse. Sperm can ooze out of the penis before ejaculation happens (‘pre-cum’).
Do pull the foreskin back before rolling on the condom (obviously, this does not apply if you have
been circumcised).
Do hold the condom on after you have ejaculated, otherwise it may slip off as you go soft and spill
sperm.
Do remember that the more you use condoms, and the more familiar you are with them, the more
comfortable and efficient you will become.
Condom Don’ts
•
Don't feel embarrassed at the thought of buying condoms. As the Planned Parenthood Federation of America
says, 'Be proud. Buying condoms says you are responsible and that you accept your sexuality as a normal part of
living'. If you really are embarrassed, get them from a slot machine in a pub/bar toilet.
•
Don't take any notice of a large CE mark on the pack. This is a European mark, compulsory on all condom packs
after June 1998. It is to do with free trade in Europe, and is not a guarantee of quality.
•
Don't ever buy a pack that has no Kitemark but says it 'conforms to' or 'surpasses' British Standard 3704. This is a
con. They may not have been tested at all.
•
Don't use a condom that is past its sell-by date or which feels sticky or very dry.
•
Don't rely on a gimmick condom (glow-in the-dark, musical etc.) for contraception.
•
Don't use Vaseline, hand cream, butter, baby oil or any other oils for lubrication with latex rubber condoms
•
Don't use a condom more than once; use a new one each time you have intercourse.
•
Don't flush it down the toilet after use, because it could cause a blockage. Wrap it in tissue or toilet paper and
chuck it in the bin.
Cervical Cap
Diaphragm
Female Condom
Spermicides…..
IUD’s
Hormonal Methods
•
•
•
•
•
1. The Pill- monthly
2. Norplant- insert in arm 5 years
3. Depo-Provera- shot every three months
4. Patch
5. Ring
Surgical Sterilization….
• Vas Deferens in the male
• Fallopian Tubes in the female
Unprotected Sex…….
1.Sex’s Ugly Side
2. Pregnancy
3. Monogamous ?
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Genital Warts
Genital warts on penis
Chlamydia is currently the most
common and widespread bacterial
STDs in the United States.
• Inflammation of parts, unknown discharge,
pain, discomfort………
Genital Herpes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
burning sensation in the genitals
flu-like symptoms
lower back pain
pain when urinating
Small red bumps may appear in the genital area after
initial symptoms, which later develop into painful blisters.
The blisters usually:
crust over
form a scab
heal
Gonorrhea
•
•
•
•
MEN:
Creamy or green, pus-like discharge from the penis
Painful urination (burning sensation)
Testicular pain
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
WOMEN:
Bleeding between periods
Creamy or green, pus-like or bloody vaginal discharge
Excessive bleeding during menstrual period
Irritation of the vulva
Lower abdominal pain
Painful intercourse
Painful urination (burning sensation)
Rectal infection
Throat infection
Chancroids-a painful open sores, several lesions
merging to form gigantic ulcers
•
•
•
•
•
• PUBIC LICE
Diagnosis is made with the naked eye, a
magnifying glass, or under a microscope, from
observation of the shape of the louse and/or
eggs.
Pubic lice:
look like tiny pale gray crabs
darken in color when swollen with blood
display six legs, four of which are crab-like
claws used to grasp the hair of the host
SYPHILIS
• Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused
by a bacterium (Treponema pallidum). The initial
infection causes an ulcer at the site of infection.
• Syphilis, once virtually untreatable, can nowadays be
effectively diagnosed and treated with antibiotic therapy.
• Early symptoms of syphilis are often very mild, and
treatment is often not sought when first infected. Syphilis
increases the risk of transmitting and receiving the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Over time, the
bacteria moves throughout the body, causing damage to
many organs.
• The disease is divided into four stages:
SCABIES
• The scabies mite has infested humans for at
least 2,500 years. More than 300 million cases
of scabies occur worldwide every year. Anyone
of any race or age, regardless of personal
hygiene can be affected.
• Scabies is a contagious, itchy skin condition
caused by very small, wingless insects or mites
called the Human Itch mite or Scabies itch mite
Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (Hering), a tiny
insect just visible to the eye (about 0.4mm) and
is tiny, eight-legged creature with a round body.
HIV and Its Transmission Research has revealed a great deal of valuable
medical, scientific, and public health information about the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome
(AIDS). The ways in which HIV can be transmitted have been clearly
identified. Unfortunately, false information or statements that are not
supported by scientific findings continue to be shared widely through the
Internet or popular press. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) has prepared this fact sheet to correct a few
misperceptions about HIV.
Transmission
HIV has been located and found in fluids such as:
• blood
• breast milk
• semen
• vaginal fluids
• Saliva
• Tears
-----------------------------------------------------------------------It appears that the disease can only be transmitted through:
• blood
• blood products
• sexual fluids
• Open cut/Mucous membrane (eyes, mouth)
To prevent exposures to the blood of persons who are HIV infected, at risk for HIV
infection, or whose infection and risk status are unknown.
❖ Gloves should be worn during contact with blood or other body fluids that could
possibly contain visible
blood, such as urine, feces, or vomit. ❖ Cuts, sores, or breaks on both the care giver’s
and patient’s exposed skin should be covered with bandages. ❖ Hands and other parts of the body should be washed immediately after
contact with blood or other body
fluids, and surfaces soiled with blood should be disinfected appropriately. ❖ Practices
that increase the likelihood of blood contact, such as sharing of razors and toothbrushes,
should
be avoided. ❖ Needles and other sharp instruments should be used only when
medically necessary and handled according to recommendations for health-care
settings. (Do not put caps back on needles by hand or remove needles from syringes.
Dispose of needles in puncture-proof containers out of the reach of children and
visitors.)
• Kissing
• Casual contact through closed-mouth or
“social” kissing is not a risk for transmission of
HIV. Because of the potential for contact with
blood during “French” or open-mouth kissing,
CDC recommends against engaging in this
activity with a person known to be infected.
However, the risk of acquiring HIV during
open-mouth kissing is believed to be very low.
CDC has investigated only one case of HIV
infection that may be attributed to contact with
blood during open-mouth kissing.
Biting
In 1997, CDC published findings from a state health
department investigation of an incident that suggested
blood-to-blood transmission of HIV by a human bite.
There have been other reports in the medical literature
in which HIV appeared to have been transmitted by a
bite. Severe trauma with extensive tissue tearing and
damage and presence of blood were reported in each of
these instances. Biting is not a common way of transmitting HIV. In fact, there are numerous reports of bites
that did not result in HIV infection.
Saliva, Tears, and Sweat
HIV has been found in saliva and tears in very
low quantities from some AIDS patients. It is
important to understand that finding a small
amount of HIV in a body fluid does not
necessarily mean that HIV can be transmitted by
that body fluid. HIV has not been recovered from
the sweat of HIV-infected persons. Contact with
saliva, tears, or sweat has never been shown to
result in transmission of HIV.
There is also no reason to fear that a biting or
bloodsucking
insect, such as a mosquito, could transmit HIV from one person to another
through HIV-infected blood left on its mouth parts. Two factors serve to explain why
this is so—first, infected people do not have constant, high levels of HIV in their
bloodstreams and, second, insect mouth parts do not retain large amounts of blood
on their surfaces. Further, scientists who study insects have determined that biting
insects normally do not travel from one person to the next immediately after
ingesting blood. Rather, they fly to a resting place to digest this blood meal.
I think I've got an STD! What should I do?
• "Someone I've slept with says they have an STD."
"I've got some strange symptoms. . ."
• Most of the symptoms of STDs can be found either
on the genitals or in and around the mouth.
• If you think you have an STD you should have a
test and get treatment. Untreated STDs can be
dangerous - if you don't get help, you may not be
able to have children later in life, or it can increase
your risk of cancer. You may also pass it on to your
partner.
Go seek medical attention:
• What will they do?
• They may take a urine sample, a blood sample or a swab from the
vagina or penis. Not all STD testing requires you to have a physical
examination, and you might not even have to undress. Ask what
they are testing for - it may be a good idea to be tested for
everything, if you can. Some places can give you the results on the
same day, in other places you may have to wait for a week or more.
While you wait, you shouldn't have sexual contact with anyone.
• If you find that you do have an STD, it's important that you don't
pass on the infection to anyone else. Don't have sexual contact with
anyone until you have been treated and are no longer infectious.
• If you think that you may already have passed on the infection to
someone else, it is important that you tell them so that they can
have a test, too. If the clinic gives you antibiotics or medication,
make sure that you follow the instructions and complete the course
of treatment - otherwise the STD may come back.
STD Prevention Today
•
Despite the fact that a great deal of progress has been made in STD prevention over
the past four decades, the United States has the highest rates of STD infection in the
industrialized world, making prevention as important as ever.
The most reliable ways to avoid becoming infected with or transmitting STDs are:
• Abstain from sexual intercourse (i.e., oral, vaginal, or anal sex)
• Be in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner
• Latex male condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of
transmission of chlamydia 1, gonorrhea 2, and trichomoniasis.3
•
•
•
Reducing Your Risk of STD Infection
Do not have unprotected sex if your partner has signs or symptoms of STDs
Use a new condom for each act of insertive intercourse. Correct and consistent use
of latex condoms and other barriers can reduce the risk of transmission only when
the infected area or site of potential exposure is protected.
Get regular checkups for STDs (even if you show no symptoms), and be familiar
with the common symptoms. Most STDs are readily treated.
When the sperm fertilizes the
egg……..
Check out “Miracle of Life” in the library
and answer following questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Where are the sperm cells produced?
Name three reasons why so many sperm cells are produced and
then released during ejaculations:
How many egg cells are present at birth for females?
What is the purpose of the nurse cell?
What are several environmental factors that may contribute to a
decreased sperm count?
The egg must be fertilized with _____ hours of the departure from
the ovary, or it will be absorbed by the females body.
Where does fertilization usually take place?
How long can sperm cells survive after an ejaculation?
After an ejaculation, about 200 million sperm begin the journey to
the egg, but only about _______will make it.
Why can’t more than one sperm cell penetrate the egg?
Complete the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name:)__________________________________________
“I Know What I am Made of (I know what he is made up of)”
_____Student can explain and locate the male reproductive system.
Explain function:
Testes/Scrotum
2. Epididymis
3. Vas Deferans
Seminal Vesicles
5. Prostate Gland
6. Cowper’s Gland
Urethra
8. Penis
Draw the male reproductive system (include the eight above
listed parts):
• Name:)__________________________________________
• “I Know What I am Made of (I know what she is made up
of)”
• _____Student can explain and locate the female reproductive
system.
• Explain function:
• Ovaries
• Fallopian Tubes
• Uterus
• Endometriun
• Cervix
• Vaginal Canal
• Clitorus
• Draw the female reproductive system (include the seven
above listed parts):
Choose one of four of these
projects to complete:
Name:_______________________________________________Score:_________/24
Choices Project: Contraceptives
Standards You Will Meet:
"I know what I’m made of." Student understands the parts and functions of the human body
systems.
"I know how to make positive choices and the consequences for poor choices." Student
comprehends the concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance
health and be able to make positive choices.
What you will research and submit:
What are contraceptives? (please include the difference and similarities between barrier, hormonal,
spermicidal, IUD, natural methods, and sterilization).
_____For each of these methods please include how the contraception works
_____A picture if possible for each
_____Effectiveness (% of effectiveness)
_____Advantages and disadvantages of each
_____Approximately how much each cost
_____You will attach this cover sheet to your project.
*You may create a chart, paragraph format, whichever you like. You just need to include each of
the following with the most correct and current supporting information.
Scoring for each of the bulleted items:
4= Expert; consistent and thorough understanding of the information
3= Proficient; possesses a reasonable understanding
2= Novice; few basic facts and possesses
1= Beginner; limited information and understanding
0= You do not meet standard on this
Name:_______________________________________________Score:_________/24
Choices Project: Reproductive Health Care
Standards You Will Meet:
"I know what I’m made of." Student understands the parts and functions of the human body systems.
"I know how to make positive choices and the consequences for poor choices." Student comprehends the
concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health and be able to make positive
choices.
What you will research and submit:
What is reproductive health care look like for both men and women, teenager through adulthood? (please include
examinations, self-examinations, common disorders for both men and women).
_____What is the importance of preventative reproductive health care?
_____At what age and how often do you get reproductive examinations-please include mammograms, pelvic
exams, pap smears, prostate gland, breast examinations, and testicle examination.
_____What, how, and when to perform self-examination for both men & women.
_____List and describe common reproductive disorders in males: inguinal hernia, prostate cancer, testicular
cancer, breast cancer, & undescended testes
_____List and describe common reproductive disorders in females: ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast
cancer, vaginitis, endometriosis, cysts, & toxic shock syndrome
_____You will attach this cover sheet to your project.
*You may create a chart, paragraph format, whichever you like. You just need to include each of the following with
the most correct and current supporting information.
Scoring for each of the bulleted items:
4= Expert; consistent and thorough understanding of the information
3= Proficient; possesses a reasonable understanding
2= Novice; few basic facts and possesses
1= Beginner; limited information and understanding
0= You do not meet standard on this
Name:_______________________________________________Score:_________/24
Choices Project: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Standards You Will Meet:
"I know what I’m made of." Student understands the parts and functions of the human body systems.
"I know how to make positive choices and the consequences for poor choices." Student comprehends the
concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health and be able to make positive
choices.
What you will research and submit:
What are sexually transmitted diseases, how do you protect yourself form acquiring them, how do you acquire
them, what are the signs of these diseases, and which ones are curable and which ones are not curable?
_____What are sexually transmitted diseases?
_____What are the most common STD's for teenagers (in Thurston County and US), and adults--please provide
statistics. You may need to contact Health Dept.
_____List and describe precautions and preventions of getting a STD--what can you do to protect yourself from
getting a STD.
_____For each of the STD's please describe the symptoms of them (please provide a picture if you can find for
each). List of STD's: HIV/AIDS, warts, crabs, scabies, syphilis, trichomoniasis, pelvic inflammatory disease,
genital herpes, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, vaginosis
_____For each STD please indicate detection and possible treatment methods, and list the STD's that are
currently not treatable. List of STD's: HIV/AIDS, warts, crabs, scabies, syphilis, trichomoniasis, pelvic
inflammatory disease, genital herpes, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, vaginosis
_____You will attach this cover sheet to your project.
*You may create a chart, paragraph format, whichever you like. You just need to include each of the following with
the most correct and current supporting information.
Scoring for each of the bulleted items:
4= Expert; consistent and thorough understanding of the information
3= Proficient; possesses a reasonable understanding
2= Novice; few basic facts and possesses
1= Beginner; limited information and understanding
0= You do not meet standard on this
Name:_______________________________________________Score:_________/24
Choices Project: SAFER SEX vs. ABSTINENCE
Standards You Will Meet:
"I know what I’m made of." Student understands the parts and functions of the human body
systems.
"I know how to make positive choices and the consequences for poor choices." Student
comprehends the concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance
health and be able to make positive choices.
What you will research and submit:
You will research the moral question each person asks about SAFER SEX vs. ABSTINENCE. The
pro’s and con’s of both of these choices. Also what schools and paretns should be teaching us
about sex education.
_____What is abstinence, what is 2nd virginity, and what is monogamy?
_____What is the percentage of teens abstaining from sex before marriage, what is the age in
which most people have sex?
_____Please list the pro's and con's of both choices; abstinence and safer sex (physical, emotional,
financial effects of both)
_____(your opinion) Should parents be responsible for teaching their kids about sex, birth control,
and reproductive health care.
_____What should schools be allowed to teach in sex education and why?
_____You will attach this cover sheet to your project.
*You may create a chart, paragraph format, whichever you like. You just need to include each of
the following with the most correct and current supporting information.
Scoring for each of the bulleted items:
4= Expert; consistent and thorough understanding of the information
3= Proficient; possesses a reasonable understanding
2= Novice; few basic facts and possesses
1= Beginner; limited information and understanding