Critical Thinking in the Classroom
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Transcript Critical Thinking in the Classroom
Critical Thinking: Fostering Good Judgment in the Massage and Bodywork Classroom
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Critical Thinking
FOSTERING GOOD JUDGMENT IN
THE MASSAGE AND BODYWORK
CLASSROOM
Your
presenter
today is…
Christy Cael
ABMP’s Education Program Manager
Goals and Objectives
Define critical thinking.
Relate critical thinking to the professional practice of massage
and bodywork.
Compare and contrast didactic and critical learning strategies.
Illustrate the benefits of critical learning.
Apply critical learning strategies to the massage and bodywork
classroom.
Critical Thinking
L E A R N I N G TO L E A R N
Characteristics of Critical Thinking
Defining a problem
Asking questions
Examining evidence
Analyzing assumptions and
Avoiding oversimplification
Considering other
interpretations
Tolerating ambiguity
biases
Avoiding emotional
reasoning
Metacognition
(understanding how we
process information)
Critical Thinking in Professional Practice
Gleaning subjective information
Seeking objective information
Determining indications/contraindications
Session planning and adaptation
Documentation
Referrals
Professional development
Learning Strategies
Didactic Method
Critical Learning Method
Teacher-centered
Student-centered
What to think
How to think
Transmit knowledge
Facilitate knowledge
Content
Strategies, principles,
concepts, and insights
Learning Strategies (continued)
Didactic Method
Critical Learning Method
Knowledge is additive
Knowledge is holistic
Experience and values are
Experience and values are
irrelevant
Doubt and questioning
weaken belief
essential
Questioning is a sign of
learning
Broad, superficial
Focused, deep
Direct path to truth
Indirect path to truth
Establishing structure.
Benefits
Identifying concepts, facts, or
principles.
When are
didactic
methods
optimal?
Presenting to large groups.
Relaying large
amounts of
information.
Has relevance to professional
Benefits
practice.
Promotes lifelong
Why
incorporate
critical
learning?
learning.
Use in licensing
exams.
Valued by regulatory boards and
agencies.
Application
CRITICAL THINKING IN THE
CLASSROOM
Instructional
Guidelines
Become a facilitator.
Seed discussion.
How do I
incorporate
critical thinking
into established
curriculum?
Encourage questions.
Challenge each other.
Focus on why and how.
Foster experimentation.
Provide feedback.
Kinesiology: Didactic Presentation
Objective: Identify the names of the bones in the human
skeleton.
Delivery: lecture
Tools: overhead or PowerPoint presentation showing skeleton
with callouts for all pertinent bones and model skeleton.
Method: instructor points out all bones and verbally names each
while students take notes.
Kinesiology: Didactic Assessment
Objective: assess each student’s ability to recall the names of
the bones in the human skeleton.
Method: written examination using drawing of human skeleton
and callouts for students to write in bone names.
Numeric score based upon number of correct answers.
Objective: analyze and name the bones
Kinesiology
Critical
Learning
Presentation
of the human skeleton.
Delivery: activity
Tools: full skeleton and a disarticulated
skeleton
Method:
Each student is given a bone.
Instructor presents principles.
Student locates bone on skeleton.
Student presents name and features.
Discuss qualities and function.
Kinesiology
Critical
Learning
Assessment
Objective: assess each student’s analysis
of the bones of the human body.
Method: written examination using
drawing of human skeleton and callouts
for students to write in bone names and
one quality about each bone.
Numeric score based upon number of
correct answers.
Swedish Massage: Didactic Presentation
Objective: Identify the physiological effects of Swedish massage.
Delivery: lecture.
Tools: overhead or PowerPoint presentation listing the
physiological effects of each Swedish massage stroke.
Method: instructor reads off effects, provides a brief explanation
of each, and which stroke accomplishes each effect.
Swedish Massage: Didactic Assessment
Objective: assess each student’s ability to recall the
physiological effects of Swedish massage.
Method: written examination using multiple choice and matching
questions to pair specific strokes with their individual benefits.
Numeric score based upon number of correct answers.
Swedish
Massage
Critical
Learning
Presentation
Objective: detect the physiological effects
of Swedish massage.
Delivery: activity
Tools: massage table, sheets, oil, pen,
and paper
Method:
Instructor demonstrates strokes.
Students practice each.
Students journal changes in client for each stroke.
Lead group discussion, comparing results to
research.
Swedish
Massage
Critical
Learning
Assessment
Objective: assess each student’s ability to
explain the physiological effects of
Swedish massage.
Method: written examination using short
answer to describe the effects of each
Swedish stroke.
Numeric score based upon completeness
of answers.
Ethics: Didactic Presentation
Objective: identify proper ethical behavior associated with
massage and bodywork.
Delivery: lecture.
Tools: overhead or PowerPoint presentation listing the
appropriate ethical behavior for massage and bodywork
professionals.
Method: instructor reads points from code of ethics or
statues, provides a brief explanation of each, and describes
how to apply them to professional practice.
Ethics: Didactic Assessment
Objective: assess each student’s ability to identify proper ethical
behavior for massage and bodywork.
Method: written examination, using short answer or fill-in to list
ethical principles.
Numeric score based upon number of correct answers.
Ethics
Critical
Learning
Presentation
Objective: critique ethical dilemmas in
massage and bodywork.
Delivery: activity.
Tools: pen and paper.
Method:
Divide class into small groups.
Each group creates an ethical
dilemma.
Trade scenarios and role-play
solutions.
Discuss to debrief solutions.
Ethics
Critical
Learning
Assessment
Objective: assess each student’s ability to
solve ethical dilemmas using accepted
codes and principles.
Method: essay or verbal exam presenting
ethical dilemmas; student must devise a
solution, citing a relevant code or law.
Numeric score based upon content and
clarity of answer.
How Are These Methods Different?
Critical Learning
Didactic
Attention
Exploration
Recall
Creativity
Recitation
Critical Analysis
Single path to
understanding
Indirect paths to
understanding
Limited learning styles
Multiple learning styles
Critical learning CAN be utilized in the
Summary
classroom.
Critical learning is interactive and
engaging.
Critical thinking is essential to
professional practice.
Professional organizations are
recognizing the value of critical
thinking.
Thank
You!
ABMP’s Education Team
Contact ABMP
Jennifer Argenbright: [email protected] or extension 636
Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio,
Oregon, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Virgin Islands, Washington
Melanie Gourley: [email protected] or extension 626
California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
West Virginia
Kathy Laskye: [email protected] or extension 649
Alabama, Arizona, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North/South Dakota, Tennessee,
Utah, Wisconsin
Taffie Lewis: [email protected] or extension 629
Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts,
Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Texas,
Vermont, Wyoming
www.abmp.com
800-458-2267