Transcript Georgia between World Wars: - Bibb County School District

Georgia between World Wars:
1919 to 1941
GPS SS8H8a
Describe the impact of the boll weevil and
drought on Georgia.
The Georgian Economy in 1920s
Although most of the country enjoyed great
prosperity throughout the 1920s,
Georgia and a number southern states
(which were still predominantly farming
states) suffered due to:
1. Boll weevil
2. Droughts
3. Lost of farms
4. Exodus of workers
1. Boll weevil
¼ inch long insect
Larvae feed off bolls of the
cotton plant (fibers)
Moved from Mexico into
Georgia in 1915
What happened?
Makes cotton plant useless
Immediate effect?
Thousands of acres of cotton field destroyed.
Long Term effects?
Prices of cotton drops to only 15 cents per pound
The failing Cotton harvest (the major crop of the South)
negative effects on other parts of economy
2. Drought of 1924
What happened? Parched and sun-baked fields
destroy cotton and other crops
Immediate effect? Farmers lost income due to lost
of crops
Long term effects? Farmers either lost farms or
became deeper in debt
3. Lost of Farms
What Happened?
Crop failures and debts caused many small farms to fail
Immediate effect?
60,000 farms in operation were lost in 1920s
Long-term effect?
When farms failed, banks also lost money
Many farm-related businesses (stores, equipment dealers,
repairmen) closed
4.
Exodus of Farm Workers
or the “Great Migration”
What happened?
Over 375,000 farm workers left Georgia between
1920 to 1925.
Workers, mostly Blacks who left due to racial
discrimination
Immediate Effects?
Blacks had opportunities for better paying jobs,
education, health care, and civil rights in the
North
Long-term Effects?
Blacks still faced segregation, unequal pay, hostile
competition, and over-crowded cities
GPS SS8H8b
Explain the economic factors of the
Great Depression.
The Great Depression was:
1.
2.
3.
4.
From October 1929 to 1940 (World War II)
Started on “Black Tuesday” when the New York
Stock Market crashed. (Value of stocks fell $40
billion)
{U.S. Steel $262 stocks dropped to $22, and
Montgomery Ward fell from $138 to $4 a share}
By 1932, 13 million (or 1 out of 4) Americans
were unemployed
Over 9,000 banks failed and millions lost their
savings and cash
5. People left homeless to live in
“Hoovervilles” or wooden and cardboard
shacks
6. “Soup Kitchens” and “bread lines” feed the
needy
7.
Education and health care for children
suffered and most went hungry everyday
and had no shoes for their feet.
Cause and Effect of The Great Depression
Cause #1
Stock Market
Speculation
Effect:
Prices of stock rose
higher than they were
really worth
Cause #2
Over-borrowing
Effect:
People borrowed (or
given loans) more
money than they
could afford to repay
loans.
Cause #3
Personal Debt
Effect:
Americans bought
too much “beyond
their means.”
Remained in debt
when laid off and
had to sell
belongings.
Cause #4
Unwise Bank
Practices
Effect:
Invested too much in
stock market and
lost money. “Runs
on Banks”
Banks could not
cover deposits
Cause #5
Laissez-faire attitude
of Government
Effect:
The economy will
work itself out of
the depression—
YET it only created
more problems
Cause #6
Industrial
Overproduction
Effect:
Companies produce
more than they
could sell; laid off
workers to get rid
of surplus
Cause #7
High Tariffs
Effect:
Other countries not
be able to buy
American goods
and pay off
wartime debts.
Cause #8
Depressed
Agricultural
Production
Effect:
Droughts and
overproduction
caused prices to
drop. Farmers
could not pay off
debts or buy
goods. Farm
communities in
their own
“depression”
GPS SS8H8d
Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms
of the impact of the Civilian Conservation
Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Acts, rural
electrification, and Social Security.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
and The New Deal
During Roosevelt first “100 Days” as president in
1933, he introduced 15 programs to Congress
and passed easily:
1. provide relief to the needy
2. economic recovery and create jobs
3. Reform financial system
Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC) Provided jobs for young men to build
projects in national parks
Each young man earned $30 per month and
send most of it home to their families
In Georgia, Kennesaw Mountain National
Park and Roosevelt State Park;
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
(AAA)
1st Act in 1933-- to help farmers with lowpriced crops and overproduction
*provide farmers “subsidies” to produce
less, thus higher prices and higher
income
2nd Act in 1935—Rewarded farmers who
practiced good conservation methods
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Roosevelt’s Warm Springs cottage had
electricity but his neighbors did not.
Roosevelt proposed the REA bill.
$300 million given extend power lines in
rural areas and buy cheaper electricity
Higher number of farmers in Georgia now
had electric water pumps, lights in the
homes, milking machines, and household
appliances.
Social Security Act of 1935
1.
2.
3.
Insured citizens over the age of 65
retirement income
Provided workers with unemployment
compensation
Provided assistance to citizens too
disable to work, plus assistance for their
spouse and children
Georgia Governors during the FDR
Years (1932 to 1945)
SS8H8c Discuss the impact of the
political career of Eugene Talmadge
SS8H9b Evaluate the importance of
Richard Russell
SS8H10c Discuss the impact of Ellis
Arnall
Richard Russell
(1931 to 1932)
View on New Deal and
FDR:
Strong supporter of New
Deal; Persuaded FDR
to start programs
beneficial to GA
Race Relations:
Believed in segregation
but spoke out against
violence used towards
Blacks
Accomplishments:
*Reorganization Act of
government
*Eased some financial
problems caused by
Great Depression
*Served in Senate for
38 years and brought
military contract to
GA
Eugene Talmadge (1933 to 1936;
1941 to 1942)
Views on New Deal and
FDR:
*Disliked federal
intervention and New
Deal Programs
Race Relations:
*Considered a
conservative white
supremacy.
Accomplishments:
•
•
•
*Reduced property
taxes, utility rates,
and state fees
*Large support
from rural voters
*Only GA governor
elected four times
Ed Rivers (1937 to 1940)
Views on New Deal and
FDR:
Big supporter of New
Deal Programs in GA
Race Relations:
Supported programs to
help out both poor
whites and blacks
Accomplishments:
*Health services, old
age pensions, raises
for teachers,
*Expanded electrical
services to rural area
*Unemployment
compensation
Ellis Arnall (1943 to 1946)
Views on New Deal and
FDR:
Strong supporter for
Roosevelt's war time
policies
Race Relations:
Abolished poll tax and
white primary
(100,000 blacks voted
in 1946 GA primary)
Accomplishments:
• Created boards to
monitor Board of
Regents and Prison
system
• *Supported GA to be
first state to allow 18
year olds to vote
• * first governor to
serve four-year term