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French Baroque
By. Joanne Kim
Richard Song
France
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Increasing monarchical authority
Largest and the most powerful European country in 17th century.
religious wars between Catholics and Protestants
Many French artists moved to Rome to study art
24-59 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Burial of Phocion, 1648,
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subject from the literature
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In the foreground, the hero’s body is being taken
away
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The two bearers are isolated in the landscape
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interlocking planes slope upward to the lighted sky
and the left
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geometric structures
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untroubled sky, slowly moving stream, even lights
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Poussin’s idea to frame a noble theme
24-60 CLAUDE LORRAIN, Landscape with Cattle and Peasants
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No dramatic story or moral
radiant landscape shows beauty of
the nature
well-defined foreground, distinct
middle ground, and dim background
recede in serene order
Atmospheric and linear perspective
Matched the moods of of nature with
human feeling
Placed tiny value gradations which
imitated the actual range of values of
outdoor light and shade
calm equilibrium
24-62 LOUIS LE NAIN, Family of Country People,
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Representative of what is not
“Classical”
somber treatment of the natural virtue
of the peasants who worked the soil
Le Nain expresses the grave dignity of a
peasant family, stoic and resigned by
hardship
they are dignified despite their harsh
living conditions.
24-67 Aerial view of palace at Versailles, France
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A defining statement of French Baroque
style and an undeniable symbol of Louis
XIV’s Power.
Includes palace, park, housing for
visiting officials, military, guards, and
servants.
Three radial avenues that connects the
town to the palace. They converge at the
palace.
Palace placed at right angles, east-west
that runs through the city and park.
Every detail of the palace interiors were
designed from doorknobs to paintings
on the wall for the palace.
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24-69 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART, CHARLES LE BRUN, (Hall of Mirrorrs),
Use
to contain
gold
and silver trees and
Palace
of Versailles,
France,
ca. 1680.
bejeweled trees. Sold during wars.
Hundreds of mirrors are embedded along
the long hall opposite to the window, that
gives the illusion of extending the width
of the hall.
The mirror was the favorite element of
Baroque interior design for this room.
Total of 357 mirrors.
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Intricately composed domed square
attached to veteran’s hospital.
JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART, Church of the Invalides Paris, Fr, 1700
two firmly separated levels, the upper one is
pedimented.
Facade is compact, low and narrow
contrasting the vast drum and dome.
The overpowering dome is expressive of
Italian Baroque because of their love for
dramatic magnitude.
Consists of 3 domes:
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First one can be seen from the interior
contains a painting of St. Louis the
patron saint of France.
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Second allows light in from hidden
windows.
Study Guide Questions
1. What 4 characteristics of Et in Arcadia Ego (24-58) are typical of Poussin's fully developed Classical style?
a.Figures based on classical statuary
b.The compact, balanced grouping of the figures
c.The even light
d.The thoughtful, reserved, and mournful mood
Study Guide Questions
2. Poussin and Rubens were considered as the two poles in the Baroque debate between the forces of passion and
reason. Which pole do you think each artist represented? What characteristics of each artist do you think would
reflect those attitudes?
Poussin: Reason, evenness and moderation, system of measure and form
Rubens: passion, Elegance, contortions of violent action, strong modeling of light and dark
Study Guide Questions
3. In what major way does the landscape in Poussin's Burial of Phocion (24-59) differ from Van Ruisdael's View of
Haarlem (24-51)?
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Use of spaces
Size of the figures in the foreground
Colors used for light and dark
Composition
4. What was Claude Lorrain's primary interest in landscape painting?
His wanted to portray ideal classical world bathed in sunlight in infinite space and also to recompose
nature in a calm equilibrium
Study Guide Questions
5. What 3 architects collaborated to design the east façade of the Louvre? (24-66)
Claude Perrault, Louis Le Vau, and Charles Le Brun
What form was used for the central pavilion of the façade?
Classical temple front
6. Who was the principal director for the building and decoration of the Palace of Versailles? (24-67)
Charles le Brun
Who designed the park of Versailles?
Francouis Blondel
What was symbolized by the vast complex of Versailles?
Ruler’s absolute rule over his domain.
Study Guide Questions
7. The French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture was established in the year_1648_.
What was its primary purpose (role) ?
Professionalize the artists working for the French court and give them a stamp of approval.
8. Which feature of Jules Hardouin-Mansart's Church of the Invalides(24-72) is most Baroque?
The overpowering dome is expressive of Italian Baroque because of their love for dramatic magnitude.
Which is most Classical?
The dimly illuminated interior.