Transcript Document

Design History
Design in Prehistoric Times
• Pre-3000 BC
• Before recorded history, humans
constructed stone circles, megaliths, and
other structures.
Stonehenge & Avebury
England
Ancient Design
• 3000 BC to 337 BC
• In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome,
civilizations built enormous temples and
shrines.
Giza Pyramids, Parthenon, Pantheon,
King Nebuchadnezzar’s Palace
Ancient Memphis, Athens, Rome, Babylon
Early Christian and Medieval
• 373 to 500 AD
• European architecture moved from the
rectangular basilica forms to the
classically inspired Byzantine style.
Tower of London & Westminster
Hall
London
Romanesque
• 500 to 1200 AD
• As Rome spread across Europe, heavier,
stocky Romanesque architecture with
rounded arches emerged.
Cathedral of Pisa & Orvieto
Cathedral
Pisa & Orvieto
Gothic Design
• 1200 to 1400 AD
• Innovative builders created the great
cathedrals of Europe.
Notre Dame & Salisbury
Cathedrals
Paris & Salisbury
Renaissance Design
• 1400 to 1600 AD
• A return to classical ideas ushered an
"age of "awakening" in Italy, France, and
England.
The Louve & Florence Cathedral
Paris & Florence
American Colonial Design
• 1600 to 1780 AD
• European settlers in the New World
borrowed ideas from their homelands to
create their own breed of architecture.
Independence Hall, City Hall, &
Congress Hall
Philadelphia
Baroque Design
• 1600 to 1700 AD
• In Italy, the Baroque style is reflected in opulent
and dramatic churches with irregular shapes
and extravagant ornamentation. In France, the
highly ornamented Baroque style combines with
Classical restraint. Russian aristocrats were
impressed by Versailles in France, and
incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St.
Petersburg. Elements of the elaborate Baroque
style are found throughout Europe.
Piazza Navona
Rome
Rococo Design
• 1650 to 1790 AD
• During the last phase of the Baroque
period, builders constructed elegant white
buildings with sweeping curves.
Bavarian Homes
Oberammergau
Georgian Design
• 1720 to 1800 AD
• Georgian was a stately, symmetrical style
that dominated in Great Britain and
Ireland and influenced building styles in
the American colonies
The White House, Monticello, &
Mount Vernon
Washington, Charlottesville, & Mount Vernon
Neoclassical / Federalist /
Idealist
• 1750 to 1880 AD
• A renewed interest in ideas of
Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio
inspired a return of classical shapes in
Europe, Great Britain and the United
States.
U.S. Capital, Mosque of Sultan
Ahmed, & Circus at Bath
Washington, Istanbul, & Bath
Greek Revival Design
• 1790 to 1850 AD
• These classical buildings and homes
often feature columns, pediments and
other details inspired by Greek forms.
Antebellum homes in the American south
were often built in the Greek Revival style.
Belle Meade Plantation &
Boothie’s Dryed Goods Store
Nashville & Peninsula
Victorian Design
• 1840 to 1900 AD
• Industrialization brought many
innovations in architecture. Victorian
styles include Gothic Revival, Italianate,
Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne,
Romanesque and Second Empire.
Eiffel Tower, Tower Bridge, &
O’Hara
Paris, London, & Chicago
Arts and Crafts Movement in
Design
• 1860 to 1900 AD
• Arts and Crafts was a late 19th-century
backlash against the forces of industrialization.
The Arts and Crafts movement revived an
interest in handicrafts and sought a spiritual
connection with the surrounding environment,
both natural and manmade. The Craftsman
Bungalow evolved from the Arts and Crafts
movement.
Gamble House & Davis House
Pasadena, California & Eugene, Oregon
Art Nouveau Design
• 1890 to 1905 AD
• Known as the New Style, Art Nouveau was
first expressed in fabrics and graphic
design. The style spread to architecture
and furniture in the 1890s. Art Nouveau
buildings often have asymmetrical
shapes, arches and decorative surfaces
with curved, plant-like designs.
Behrens House & Casa Mila
Darmstadt, Germany & Barcelona, Spain
Art Deco Design
• 1925 to 1935 AD
• Zigzag patterns and vertical lines create
dramatic effect on jazz-age, Art Deco
buildings.
Chrysler & Empire State
Building
New York
20th Century Trends in Design
• 1900 to Present
• The century has seen dramatic changes
and astonishing diversity. Twentieth
century trends include Art Moderne and
the Bauhaus school coined by Walter
Gropius, Deconstructivism, Formalism,
Modernism, Structuralism and
Postmodernism.
Maison a Bordeaux, Harkness
Commons, Kunsthal, Seattle
Library, & AT&T
Bordeaux, Harvard, Rotterdam, Seattle, & New York
Resources
• http://www.greatbuildings.com/types/styl
es/
• http://architecture.about.com/cs/historic
periods/a/timeline.htm