Transcript Step Up To: Psychology

1. Charles Spearman believed:
• A) intelligence could not be measured by
only one IQ score.
• B) IQ alone can not predict success in
life.
• C) the g factor describes general, overall
intelligence.
• D) personality is more important
than IQ in measuring success.
2. Howard Gardner believes that
intelligence must be defined:
• A) by a single factor, called g.
• B) within the context of a particular
culture.
• C) in terms of Verbal, Performance
and Full Scale IQ’s.
• D) in terms of multiple factors.
3. Some people, mostly males with autism,
have extremely limited abilities; yet, they have
a specific ability far beyond the capabilities of
the average person. They have:
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A) mental retardation.
B) the g factor.
C) inherited genius.
D) savant syndrome.
5. The statistical procedure which
identifies clusters of related items is
called:
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A) factor analysis.
B) cluster computation.
C) chunking comparison.
D) correlation coefficient.
6. Being able to respond appropriately
when interacting with others suggests:
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A) multiple intelligences.
B) street smarts.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) creative intelligence.
8. Studies show that intelligent people
differ in their brain’s ability to adapt and
grow to the environment, called:
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A) synaptic development.
B) neural plasticity.
C) developmental process.
D) inherited potential.
9. Creative people have a desire to
come up with new ideas as the result of:
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A) getting paid for it.
B) being pressured to perform.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) intrinsic motivation.
10. In considering the impact of
general intelligence on success:
• A) measured IQ is correlated with
obtaining academic success.
• B) emotional IQ is correlated with
being successful in one’s career.
• C) measured IQ is correlated with
obtaining a good job.
• D) all of the above.
11. Originally, IQ was determined
by calculating:
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A) the average score on Binet’s test.
B) mental age / chronological age X 100.
C) the total score on Binet’s test.
D) chronological age X mental age / 100.
12. Lewis Terman made changes to an
earlier test, established new norms and
published it as the first American
intelligence test, called the:
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A) Binet Intelligence Test.
B) Wechsler Intelligence Scales.
C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test.
D) Alpha-Beta Test of Intelligence.
13. Today’s IQ is different from
the original in that:
• A) it is no longer calculated with a
formula.
• B) it is based on the average
performance for each age group.
• C) it is no longer an “intelligence
quotient”.
• D) all of the above.
14. When you took your driver’s test, you
were taking a type of test called a(n):
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A) achievement test.
B) aptitude test.
C) skill test.
D) self-study test.
16. A subject will be administered the
WAIS or the WISC, depending on:
• A) whether or not the subject can
read.
• B) the primary language of the
subject.
• C) the age of the subject.
• D) the training of the administrator.
17. Standardized tests such as the WAIS
follow a bell-shaped pattern of scores
called the:
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A) average distribution.
B) normal curve.
C) bell scatter.
D) normative spread.
19. When a measurement yields the
same results each time it is used, it has
a high:
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A) reliability.
B) validity.
C) correlation.
D) respectability.
20. Mental Retardation is defined by
difficulty living independently, and an IQ
of:
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A) less than 100.
B) 70 or less.
C) 85 or less.
D) 60 or less.
21. As adopted children grow up, their
intelligence:
• A) varies considerably according to
their environment.
• B) is much more like their adoptive
parents.
• C) is much more like their biological
parents.
• D) is nothing like either their
adoptive or biological parents.
24. Girls are inherently better than boys
at all of the following except:
• A) spelling.
• B) mentally dealing with 3
dimensional objects.
• C) learning and remembering words.
• D) finding things.
25. The finding that women scored higher
on math tests when no males were present
gives evidence for the phenomenon of:
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A) physical attraction.
B) gender roles.
C) stereotype threat.
D) nothing; females are never good
at math.
1. When salmon are motivated to swim
upstream to mate and die, it is called:
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A) instinct.
B) homeostasis.
C) an incentive.
D) extrinsic motivation.
2. Drive reduction explains
motivation by stressing our biological
need to sustain:
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A) a state of biological need.
B) drive equilibrium.
C) homeostasis.
D) a high level of arousal.
3. ___ is to “push” as ___ is to “pull”.
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A) drive; incentive
B) instinct; drive
C) arousal; homeostasis
D) incentive; motivation
4. People are often motivated to “seek
out” stimulation. This is explained by the
___ theory.
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A) incentive
B) drive
C) attention
D) arousal
5. According to Abraham Maslow,
some of our motivation must be
attributable to:
• A) meeting our basic
psychological needs first.
• B) our desire to be the best we
can be.
• C) wish fulfillment of our wants.
• D) sensation seeking.
6. Experimental rats were made to become
obese by:
• A) stimulating the lower-mid
hypothalamus.
• B) destroying the lower-mid
hypothalamus.
• C) blocking the production of Ghrelin.
• D) forcing them to watch the
Cooking Network.
7. The body’s “weight thermostat”
keeps us from deviating much from
our current weight, keeping us at our:
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A) natural body type.
B) homeostatic equilibrium.
C) set point.
D) healthiest level.
8. Nausea for certain foods during
pregnancy peaks around the 10th week.
This may be adaptive because the fetus:
• A) is more vulnerable to toxins.
• B) is moving more in the womb.
• C) is developing its own sense of
taste.
• D) none of the above.
9. People with ____ experience extreme
episodes of binge eating, followed by
purging through laxatives or vomiting.
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A) anorexia nervosa
B) binge-purge disorder
C) bulimia nervosa
D) weight cycling
10. Because eating disorders such as
anorexia are more common in the US,
and not in India, suggests:
• A) eating meat contributes to eating
disorders.
• B) the amount of media viewed contributes
to eating disorders.
• C) India has a more effective treatment.
• D) thinness is valued differently by our
culture.
13. Viewing X-rated films effects
most people by :
• A) reducing interest in sex with their partners.
• B) increasing interest in sex with their
partners.
• C) encouraging sex outside of their marriage.
• D) having no significant effect on the
relationship.
16. Between the anxiety of being
overwhelmed and stressed and the
apathy of being bored is the state of:
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A) homeostasis.
B) flow.
C) meditation.
D) bliss.
17. The field of psychology which applies
psychological concepts to the work
setting is:
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A) clinical psychology.
B) personnel psychology.
C) business psychology.
D) industrial-organizational psychology.
18. Which of the following is least
effective in selecting the best employee?
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A) work samples
B) unstructured interview
C) job knowledge tests
D) past performance history
21. Most people who are very happy,
attribute it to:
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A) social status.
B) achievement motivation.
C) close, satisfying relationships.
D) financial wealth.
23. When a supervisor likes an
employee, the supervisor’s ratings may
be biased to rate the employee higher
than deserved. This is called:
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A) social management.
B) brown nose outcome.
C) prejudicial treatment.
D) a halo error.
25. There is evidence that eating
disorders have the following as
contributing causes except:
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A) childhood sexual abuse.
B) genetics.
C) culture.
D) poor self esteem.
1. The belief that emotions are
experienced following physical
responses is the:
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A) the two-factor theory.
B) the Cannon-Bard theory.
C) the James-Lange theory.
D) self-efficacy theory.
2. The idea that an emotion-arousing
stimulus simultaneously triggers
physiological response and the
subjective experience of emotion is:
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A) the James-Lange theory.
B) the Cannon-Bard theory.
C) the two-factor theory.
D) the three-factor theory.
3. The two-factor theory of emotion
differs from the James-Lange and the
Cannon-Bard in that:
• A) physiological arousal is not always
necessary.
• B) emotional experience precedes
physiological arousal.
• C) physiological arousal and emotional
experience occur simultaneously.
• D) a cognitive label precedes
emotional experience.
4. When aroused, your heart rate
increases, your pupils dilate, and you
may sweat, indicating activation of the
part of your nervous system called:
• A) the amygdala.
• B) the sympathetic nervous system.
• C) the parasympathetic nervous
system.
• D) the peripheral nervous system.
6. A polygraph is an instrument that
detects:
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A) lying.
B) guilt and lies.
C) physical responses.
D) truth.
9. When you are faced with a threatening
stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway
to allow a speedy emotional response, and it
runs from the:
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A) hypothalamus to the amygdala.
B) amygdala to the cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus to the medulla.
D) thalamus to the amygdala.
10. The amygdala sends more
neural impulses to the cerebral
cortex than it receives, resulting in:
• A) emotions occurring before thoughts.
• B) our feelings more easily ruling our
thoughts.
• C) some people becoming very anxious.
• D) confusion about what we are
feeling.
11. People abused as children are more
prone to interpret expressions in others as
anger, giving evidence that:
• A) abuse leads to heightened anger.
• B) abuse results in fearful people.
• C) prior experience can sensitize us
to certain emotions.
• D) early childhood experiences
cripple us for life.
12. Emotionally, women surpass
men in their ability to:
• A) read people’s emotional cues.
• B) spot lying.
• C) tell whether two people are really
in love.
• D) all of the above.
14. When traveling around the world,
facial expressions:
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A) differ with each culture.
B) are universal across cultures.
C) are similar among races.
D) differ when comparing
Western with Eastern cultures.
16. Whether we experience stress
depends upon:
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A) the situation.
B) how life threatening it is.
C) our cognitive appraisal.
D) whether others are involved.
17. The two-track stress response
system involves the cerebral cortex
and the _____.
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A) sympathetic nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) heart and lungs
D) corpus collosum
18. According to Selye’s general adaptation
syndrome, we are most likely to become ill
as the result of stress during the ___ phase.
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A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) recovery
19. Stress is related to the leading
cause of death in the U.S., which is:
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A) cancer.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) suicide.
D) stroke.
20. Research suggests that those with
Type A personality could reduce their risk
of heart disease if they would:
• A) drink more alcohol.
• B) sleep more.
• C) let their anger out on a punching
bag.
• D) let go of their anger.
21. Being a pessimist:
• A) can increase your level of
stress.
• B) can shorten your life.
• C) can raise your blood
pressure.
• D) all of the above.
22. Mary has been suffering from the
“blues.” Your recommendation is that
she first try:
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A) electric shock.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) Prozac.
D) psychoanalysis.
24. When alternative medicine
approaches, such as acupuncture, are
scientifically tested, results:
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A) are never as good as they promise.
B) can be quite convincing.
C) are explained as placebo effects.
D) cannot be replicated in the
laboratory.
25. Regular religious attendance is a positive
predictor of a longer life span. Researchers
have identified three factors that explain this,
including all of the following, except:
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A) healthier life styles.
B) social support networks.
C) relaxed meditative style.
D) faith healing.
1. Freud’s technique in which the patient
spontaneously reports all thoughts,
feelings and images as they come to
mind.
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A) psychoanalysis.
B) dream interpretation.
C) free association.
D) psychotherapy.
2. According to Freud, the real
meaning of the dream could be
found in its:
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A) unconscious revelation.
B) manifest content.
C) symbolic personification.
D) latent content.
3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I
want it, now,” refers to the part of the
personality called the:
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A) superego.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) eros.
6. According to Maslow, we are naturally,
internally driven to be the best that we can
be, achieving the goal of:
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A) self-actualization.
B) self-concept.
C) analytic insight.
D) personal betterment.
7. Humanistic psychologists differed
from psychoanalytic theorists by
focusing on:
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A) reinforced behaviors.
B) unconscious motives.
C) the healthy personality.
D) early childhood influences.
8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I
still love and value you as a person,”
shows that a parent has ___ for his/her
child.
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A) actualizing tendency
B) unconditional positive regard
C) compassionate parenting
D) conditional positive regard
10. A major criticism of the
humanistic perspective is:
• A) it minimizes the evil side of human
nature.
• B) it has no relevance to psychotherapy.
• C) it discounts the ideal of a healthy
personality.
• D) it is based solely on childhood
memories and conflicts.
11. A trait is:
• A) a description of our outward
appearance.
• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.
• C) an unconscious motive driving our
behavior.
• D) a relatively stable predisposition to
act and feel in a certain way.
12. A test based on Carl Jung’s
personality types and used by 89 of
the 100 largest corporations is the:
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A) Rorschach Test.
B) TAT.
C) Myers-Briggs.
D) MMPI.
13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck,
personality can be described in terms of
two dimensions, including stabilityinstability, and:
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A) intrinsic-extrinsic.
B) conscious-unconscious.
C) extroversion-introversion.
D) happy-depressed.
14. Through factor analysis,
personality theorists have more
recently identified those basic traits,
called:
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A) the 16PF.
B) the Big Five.
C) the MMPI.
D) fundamental personality factors.
15. In predicting from one Big Five
attribute to another, “night owls” were
more likely to be:
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A) extraverts.
B) agreeable.
C) open.
D) conscientious.
17. When someone relies on “fate” or
something like astrology to choose an
action implies:
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A) mental retardation.
B) an external locus of control.
C) learned helplessness.
D) an internal locus of control.
18. When Martin Seligman experimented
with dogs and electric shock, he found they
eventually gave up. This was because of:
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A) external locus of control.
B) learned helplessness.
C) unstable personality.
D) reciprocal determinism.
22. A projective test that requires a
person look at several pictures and make
up stories is the:
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A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) 16PF.
D) TAT.
23. Items forming the depression scale of
the MMPI were “empirically derived,”
meaning:
• A) they were randomly selected from a
large pool of statements.
• B) they were the most popular when people
were surveyed.
• C) they were found to correlate with other
measures of depression.
• D) they were selected from a large pool of
items by people with depression.
24: The most widely used personality
test is the:
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A) MMPI.
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
C) TAT.
D) 16PF.