Transcript Leisure Activities - Dr. Crihfield's Website
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Leisure Activities Chapters 10- 18
Alison Gensmer
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Chapters 10-12
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Key Terms
The Age of the Common Man the period that American writers and painters found the national themes that allowed them to produce the first distinctly American art and literature Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society - founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1743 this society would nurture American art and literature Boston Athenaeum (1807) - the Boston Athenaeum was a gentlemen’s reading room that contained “the works of learning and science in all languages.” Leatherstocking Novels James Fenimore Cooper published these novels including The Last of the Mohicans in 1826
The Sketch Book
Horseman - In 1819 Washington Irving published this book that brought us Rip Van Winkle and the Headless
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Leisure Activities
Literature Mark Twain drew inspiration from the Mississippi River in “Old Times on the Mississippi” The age of the Common Man would be the period that American writers and painters found the national themes that allowed them to produce the first distinctly American art and literature The transportation revolution improved communication This would cause the number of newspapers, magazines, and books increase greatly This increase helped to broaden people’s horizons past their own community In 1826 a press revolution occurred when the first steam-powered press was installed in the country bible production increased to 300,000 religious tracts and pamphlets increased to 6 million newspaper numbers went from 376 (in 1810) to 1,200 (in 1835) most newspapers were published by political parties
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Leisure Activities
Literature (continued) newspapers were packed with articles that would now be called libelous and scandalous but were very entertaining and popular to read Western readers enjoyed the tall tales of Davey Crockett in the Crockett almanacs religious readings were most common across the country sentimental novels and magazines were very popular with women Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society was founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1743 This society would nurture American art and literature Boston was second after Philadelphia as it founded the Massachusetts General Hospital (1811) and the Boston Athenaeum (1807) the Boston Athenaeum was a gentlemen’s reading room which contained “the works of learning and science in all languages.” The North American Review was published in Boston and emerged as America’s important and long-lasting intellectual magazine The Review was devoted to keeping its readers in touch with European intellectual developments
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Leisure Activities
Literature (continued) Charleston founded a Literary and Philosophical Society in 1814 but because the south was so spread out it was very difficult to sustain the south willingly ceded cultural leadership to the north In 1819 Washington Irving published The Sketch Book that brought us Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman James Fenimore Cooper published his Leatherstocking Novels including The Last of the Mohicans in 1826
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Leisure Activities
Art Thomas Cole, who came from England 1818, was inspired by the American landscape he painted landscapes of New York States Catskill and the Adirondack mountains his paintings reflect the British romantic school of landscape painting he founded the Hudson River school of American painting the school had a nationalistic style and subject matter Western painters drew on the dramatic western landscape and ts people George Catlin was one of these western painters he spent eight years with the Indians so that he could portray them in his paintings before they disappeared John James Audubon was famous for his striking and sometimes grotesque etching of birds sometimes he couldn’t even find a publisher they were so grotesque
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Leisure Activities
There was a famous song about the Erie Canal which was built in New York and caused merchants of America want to stay in New York instead of in Europe In 1844 Samuel F. B. Morse sent his first message from Washington to Baltimore via the telegraph Everyone’s horizon and sense of community was widened because of the telegraph in rural areas, money rarely exchanged hands as people would pay for a hand crafted item with a certain task Apprenticeships were common Men and women would learn to do certain tasks but a formal apprenticeship was only for men There was no clear separation between work and leisure preindustrial work had a freedom that factory work did not the workers didn’t need t get used to the long hours because they were already accustomed to it however before, workers were sometimes allowed to take a few hours of to go pick berries or something like that, but now they were expected to have a straight 12 hour work day
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Notable People
James Fenimore Cooper writer especially famous for his Leatherstocking Novels including The Last of the Mohicans in 1826 Samuel F. B. Morse Baltimore via the telegraph in 1844 invented the telegraph; sent his first message from Washington to Thomas Cole - famous for paintings of landscapes which reflected the British romantic school of landscape painting; he founded the Hudson River school of American painting which had a nationalistic style and subject matter
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Q. & A.
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1. Who wrote “Old Time on the Mississippi”? a) Mark Twain b) James Fenimore Cooper c) Rip Van Winkle
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A Mark Twain wrote “Old Time on the Mississippi.”
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2. The transportation revolution improved which of the following? a) Transportation b) Communication c) Both a and b
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C The transportation revolution improved both transportation and communication.
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3.
Who founded Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society?
a) James Madison b) Benjamin Franklin c) Thomas Jefferson
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B Benjamin Franklin founded Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society.
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4. What was founded in Boston in 1811? a) The Boston Athenaeum b) Massachusetts General Hospital c) both a and b
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B The Massachusetts General Hospital was founded in Boston in 1811.
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5.
What magazine was published in Boston and emerged as America’s most important and long-lasting intellectual magazine?
a)
The North American
Review
b)
The New York Times
c)
The Bostonian Tribune
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A The North American Review was published in Boston and emerged as America’s most important and long-lasting intellectual magazine.
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6. What southern City founded a Literary and Philosophical Society in 1814? a) Savannah b) Richmond c) Charleston
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C Charleston founded a Literary and Philosophical Society in 1814.
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7. Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman were featured in what book? a) The Sketch Book b) TheLeatherstocking Novels c) The Last of the Mohicans
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A Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman were featured in The Sketch Book.
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8.
Who wrote The Sketch Book ?
a) Washington Irving b) James Fenimore Cooper c) Thomas Paine
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A Washington Irving wrote The
Sketch Book.
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9.
Who spent eight years with Indians so that he could properly portray them in his paintings? a) John James Audubon b) George Catlin c) Thomas Cole
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B George Catlin spent eight years with Indians so that he could properly portray them in his paintings.
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10. What did Samuel F. B. Morse invent ?
a) The telephone b) The television c) The telegraph
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C did Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph.
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Chapters 13-15
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Key Terms
Callithumpian band New York City – gangs of young workers from the lower class who took over the New Year’s Eve “frolic” tradition in Blackface Minstrel Show – a show in which white men blackened their faces and entertain their audiences with songs, dances, theatrical skits, and anti-black political jokes “Penny Papers” – the papers that were very popular because they only cost penny and they focused on scandal Bowery – a New York City street known to display the new working class culture Tejanos – Spanish-speaking residents of Texas
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Leisure Activities
Changing Amusement New pressures in the workforce caused a change in working-class amusements Leisure time now became rougher and rowdier Taverns were used as neighborhood centers of drinking and socializing Often times taverns also became centers for brawls and riots Community groups (such as fire engine groups) had changed to become very similar to gangs who had to defend their territory from any other gangs The butcher among other trades was often known to start fights in taverns New York City had had a long a tradition of a New Year’s Eve “frolic” where laborers, apprentices, and other members of the lower class would parade through the streets with drums, trumpets, whistles, and other noisemakers
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Leisure Activities
Changing Amusement (continued) By the 1820’s this tradition had been taken over by gangs of young workers from the lower class They called themselves the Callithumpian band In 1828 the band, which contained 4000, marched through the city overturning carts, breaking windows, and obstructing traffic The watchmen who were supposed to disperse the gathering decided not to The following year the New Year’s Eve parade was not allowed by the city government
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Leisure Activities
Theaters Theaters even became a seen of violence They were attended by all social classes The only women that attended these theaters were prostitutes There was a long-standing tradition of poorer patrons starting a small riot about an unpopular actor which could then grow to become very violent The Astor Place Riot of 1849 was one of these riots It started out as a theater riot against a British actor and ended up being a battle between the mob and the militia which ended in the death of 22 people
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Leisure Activities
Theaters (continued) By the 1830’s upper- and middle-class men were no longer drawn to these theaters and began attending a much more respectable theater They could bring their wives and daughters to this theater There was new amusement in theaters like the Lafayette Circus that had dancing girls, horseback riders, and theatrical acts A show similar to this was the Blackface Minstrel Show In this show white actors, who were often Irish, would blacken their faces and entertain their audiences with songs, dances, theatrical skits, and anti-black political jokes Zip Coon and Jim Crow, two slaves that were known for being irresponsible and slow-witted respectively, were both featured in some cruel stereotypical jokes to entertain the white audiences
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Leisure Activities
Bowery Bowery was a New York City street known to display the new working class culture It was filled with artisanal workshops, small factories, shops with cheap goods, dance halls, theaters, ice cream parlors, and oyster bars On Bowery the working-class youth found Saturday night amusement as well as providing it for themselves with outrageous clothing and behavior They deliberately dressed more provocatively was there way of thumbing their noses at more respectable classes Even a long-running series of melodramas by the Bowery Theater included costumes that imitated this style Mose, the hero of the series, dressed more like a pirate and Lise, the leading lady, wore clothing which was body-hugging and brightly colored
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Leisure Activities
Literature The “penny papers” such as the New York Morning Post and the New York Sun became very popular they got their name because they only costed a penny they focused on scandals with titles like “Double Suicide,” “Secret Tryst,” and “Bloody Murder,” A magazine called the Police Gazette had the same types of subjects Franklin Evans and The Inebriate were two dime novels written in 1842 by Walter Whitman In 1855 he wrote Leaves of Grass which was a book of free verse poetry that included frank language making it just as scandalous as his novels
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Leisure Activities
Literature (continued) Edgar Alan Poe was also famous for writing scandalous literature, but his was done in a much more sinister way Two of his gothic horror stories are “The Murders in the Rue Morge” (1841) and “The Mystery of Marie Roget” (1842) A decade after the “penny papers” began, the “penny press” had a lot of experience reporting urban crime and scandals It realized that Americans were so interested in reading about scandal that this type of reading became more popular than the opinions of politicians for the first time it was the things written by American journalists that shaped the way people felt about war, not the politicians voice
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Leisure Activities
The Tejano residents of Texas had their own customs These included multiday celebrations that mixed religious ceremonies, feasting, horse racing, and elaborate fandangos (dances) After the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista, New York City celebrated with fireworks, illuminations, and a “grand Procession” which included around 400,000 people
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Notable People
Walter Whitman about scandal even poetry books – writer especially famous for writing trough novels and
Edgar Alan Poe
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author famous for writing scandalous literature done in a much more sinister way than Whitman
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Q. & A.
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1. What caused a change in working-class amusements?
a) A change in the workforce b) A drop in the economy c) The introduction of new ideas by immigrants
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A A change in the workforce caused a change in working class amusements.
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2. What common neighborhood location often became the site of brawls and riots? a) Taverns b) libraries c) both a and b
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A Taverns often became the site of brawls and riots.
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3. During what decade was the New Year’s Eve “frolic” of NYC taken over by gangs?
a) 1840’s b) 1830’s c) 1820’s
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C During the 1820’s the New Year’s Eve “frolic” of NYC was taken over by gangs.
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4. The Lafayette Circus had what kinds of entertainment in it?
a) dancing girls b) horseback riders c) both a and b
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C The Lafayette Circus entertainment included dancing girls and horseback riders.
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5. Why did the working-class youth dress more provocatively than normal on Bowery ?
a) To make a fashion statement b) As a way of thumbing their noses at more respectable classes c) To attract more attention
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B The working-class youth dressed more provocatively than normal on Bowery as a way of thumbing their noses at more respectable classes.
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6. What slave was featured in some cruel stereotypical jokes to entertain the white audiences of the Blackfaced Minstrel Show?
a) Jim Crow b) Zip Coon c) Both a and b
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C Jim Crow and Zip Coon were both featured in some cruel stereotypical jokes to entertain the white audiences of the Blackfaced Minstrel Show.
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7. Franklin Evans and The Inebriate were two dime novels written in 1842 by who?
a) Walter Whitman b) Henry Ford c) Edgar Allen Poe
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A Franklin Evans and The Inebriate were two dime novels written in by Walter Whitman 1842.
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8. After the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista, what did New York City celebrate with? a) Fireworks b) A Grand Procession c) Both a and b
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C After the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista, New York City celebrated with both Fireworks and a Grand Procession.
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9. What are fandangos?
a) Dances done by the British b) Dances done by the Tejanos c) Dances done by the Indians
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B Fandangos were dances done by the Tejanos.
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10. Who were Mose and Lise?
a) A famous couple of bank robbers b) Two characters in a series of melodramas by the Bowery Theater c) both a and b
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B Mose and Lise were two characters in a series of melodramas by the Bowery Theater.
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Chapters 16-18
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Key Terms
Nature Reserves tracts of land that were set aside by the federal government Lynching – killing often by hanging for some occurrence without a trial Patriotism – supporting one’s country; this caused many men to join the army although they had no idea what they were getting into vigorously Relief organizations – system of relief often organized by a community to send supplies and to keep in touch with the men they sent to war Bull Run – the battle which the north thought would be the only battle of the war; many northerners went to watch this battle
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Leisure Activities
Patriotism when the civil war began, so many men joined because of what they thought war would be the soldiers had entered war with unrealistic, even romantic ideas about warfare when these men were sent off there were ceremonies with bands, bonfires, and belligerent oratory the war inspired strong feelings of patriotism In Chester Penn. A patriotic rally was held at which the first company of volunteers was mustered into the ninth regiment of Penn. Volunteers amid cheers and band music the women of Chester organized countywide systems of war relief
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Leisure Activities
Patriotism (continued) these relief organizations didn’t just give supplies, but also gave the human, local link that the soldiers depended on in this sense every American community accompanied its men to war At the battle of Bull Run the Washington community was so lighthearted that politicians and sightseers accompanied the troops to battle to watch After Lincoln’s death, he had a very elaborate funeral, and then his body was held in Washington for a week of observances and then slowly taken back to Springfield people everywhere gathered to see his train pass and to pay their respects to him.
this brought the Washington and union communities together as one
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Leisure Activities
African Americans After the war, African American family reunions were very common thousands of African Americans streamed to be legally married women generally wanted to devote more time than they had under slavery to caring for their children and to do tasks like cooking, sewing, gardening, and laundering Churches became the center of not only religious life, but also for many other activities that defined the African community (ie: schools, picnics, festivals, and political meetings) the church was the first social institution to be completely under the control of the African Americans while segregation in schools was accepted by the blacks, segregation in public places like steamboats, trains, and theaters was not something they were interested in
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Leisure Activities
The West the combination of prostitution, gambling, and drinking discouraged the formation of stable communities death by legal hanging or illegal lynching was the usual sentence one historian wrote that in the west violence was “not a mere sideshow” but “an intrinsic part of western society” the federal government began to set aside huge tracts of land as nature reserves by the end of the century many Americans believed the west was a land of promise, opportunity, and excitement and adventure
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Leisure Activities
The West (continued) Roosevelt wrote three books recounting his adventures in the west the first “westerns” and “dime novels” to sell reflected the myths these stories competed against stories of pirates, wars, crime, and sea adventures, but the westerns outsold the others Edward Zane Carroll Judson wrote Buffalo Bill, the King of the Border Men (1869) spawned hundreds of other stories, magazines, etc. devoted to Buffalo Bill these heroic ad romantic images were promoted by the railroad owners and the herd owners
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Leisure Activities
The West (continued) Texas cowboys entertained prospective buyers by roping calves and breaking horses Annie Oakley was a star performer in the Buffalo Bill show run by William F. Cody she had such great aim hat she would shoot dimes in mid air and cigarettes from her husbands mouth this show entertained crowds including Britain’s Queen Victoria Owen Wister’s novel The Virginian (1902) fixed the public’s idea of the west
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Leisure Activities
Art photography had become a huge thing during the civil war this new medium conveyed the horror of the war with a gruesome reality to the American public landscape painters piqued the public’s interest in the west their art would appear in museums and as reproductions in magazines which could be found in America and in Europe new technologies of graphic reproduction encouraged photographers and painters to provide new images of the west Charles Schreyvogel depicted us cavalry fighting against Indian warriors,
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Leisure Activities
Art (continued) Charles Russell, a real life cowboy, painted the life he knew and some imagined scenarios of buffalo hunts and first encounters between the Indians and white explorers Frederic Remington captured vivid scenes of battle in his sketches and paintings the paintings and photography of the west led the way for scholarly research on the various indian societies Lewis Henry Morgan published the League of the Ho-de-no-sau- nee, or Iroquois (1851) considered the first scientific account of an indian tribe In 1877 he published Ancient Society which posted a universal process of social evolution Alice Cunnigham Fletcher became known as an expert on Omaha music
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Leisure Activities
on one odd account, the northern and southern troops stopped fighting and agreed not to shoot at one another, but instead picked blackberries in a field as they talked to one another. This was to celebrated the fourth of July during that time they also traded tobacco, coffee, and newspapers It became common that worker joined unions during the civil war Lincoln and his wife had gone to a theater, so it must have still been quite popular
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Notable People
Annie Oakley the Buffalo Bill show run by – a star performer in William F. Cody
Frederic Remington – the most famous western painter; captured vivid scenes of battle in his sketches and paintings
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Q. & A.
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1.
What did patriotism do in regards to the war? a) Weakened the union b) Weakened the confederacy c) Made more men join the army
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C Patriotism made joining the army more more appealing to men.
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2. What did the women of Chester Pennsylvania do? a) They started relief organizations b) They mourned c) They stated a quilting club
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A The women of Chester Pennsylvania started relief organizations
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3. Lincoln’s funeral could be described as?
a) Elaborate b) Short c) Overlooked
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A Lincoln’s funeral was very elaborate.
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4. After the war, what was common among African Americans ?
a) Family reunions b) Legal marriages c) Both a and b
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C After the war, African Americans commonly participated in both family reunions and legal marriages.
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5. What buildings became the center of African American society ?
a) The capital building b) churches c) both a and b
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B Churches became the center of African American society.
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6. Which president wrote 3 books about their adventures in the west?
a) Roosevelt b) Lincoln c) Jackson
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A Roosevelt wrote 3 books about their adventures in the west.
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7. What didEdward Zane Carroll Judson write?
a) Ancient Society b) Buffalo Bill, the King of the
Border Men
c) The Virginian
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B Edward Zane Carroll Judson wrote Buffalo Bill, the King of the Border Men.
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8.
Who wrote The Virginian?
a) Frederic Remington b) Lewis Henry Morgan c) Owen Wister
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C Lewis Henry Morgan wrote The Virginian.
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9. Who of the following was a famous painter?
a) Annie Oakley b) Charles Russell c) William F. Cody
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B Charles Russell was a famous painter.
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10. Which artist was actually a cowboy?
a) Charles Schreyvogel b) Charles Russell c) both a and b
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B Charles Russell was actually a cowboy who decided to become a painter.
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Citation
John Mack Faragher, Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, & Susan H. Armitage (2002). Out of Many: A History of the American People. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.