Transcript SOIL - Fundamental Concepts
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Helping People Help the Land
Helping People Understand Soils
Ten Key Messages
Soil is a Fundamental Part of the Ecosystem
The living systems occurring above and below the ground surface are determined by the properties of the soil. We often ignore the soil because it is hard to observe.
color texture structure consistence roots pores other features
The Study of Soil (Pedology) is a Unique Discipline
Soil
—a natural body of solids, liquid, and gases,with either horizons, or layers or the ability tosupport rooted plants
Unique physical, chemical, and biological properties
Soil Survey is a Scientifically-Based Inventory A soil survey includes maps, descriptions, properties, climate, and interpretations. There are about 3000 soil survey areas in the United States. These are excellent sources of information on this resource.
Soils Perform Several Vital Functions
Sustaining plant and animal life below and above the surface Regulating and partitioning water and solute flow Filtering, buffering, degrading, immobilizing, and detoxifying Storing and cycling nutrients Providing support to structures
Soils Are Variable But in Predictable Locations There are 23,000 soil series in various combinations with different slopes and surface textures.
Soil Forming Factors:
Parent Material Climate Living Organisms Topography Time
Scientific Names for Soils Should Be Used • • • • Like plants and animals,
soils are classified
The
system
is called
Soil Taxonomy
The
highest level
The
lowest level
is the
soil order
(12) is the
soil series
, often a place name
Soil Studies Can Be Incorporated Into Other Studies
Science
ecology, biology, chemistry
Social Studies
world trade, land use
Mathematics
soil loss over one hectare
History
settlement of the U.S., dust bowl
Art
soil crayons, acrylic paints
Consider the Soil First to Minimize Risk
Soils Are Alive
Organism Types
bacteria fungi protozoa nematodes arthropods earthworms
Roles & Benefits
decomposition release nutrients create pores stabilize soils
Soil Management Affects Soil Properties
Soil Quality
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