Transcript Slide 1
Re-write each sentence correctly
1. i prefer cookies that has chocolate chips
said carls sister
2. the hotel provide each guest with a robe
which are available for purchase at the
front desk.
Answers
1. “I prefer cookies that have chocolate
chips,” said Carl’s sister.
2. The hotel provides each guest with a
robe, which is available for purchase at
the front desk.
Restrictive Clauses & NonRestrictive Clauses
Restrictive Clause: group of words that
limits or restricts to make things more
specific or focused.
*tells which one or what kind exactly.
**Write these notes under your warm-up.
Restrictive Clause Example:
“I prefer cookies that have chocolate chips,” said
Carl’s sister.
*Her preference is restricted or limited to cookies
with chocolate chips.
**It tells us exactly WHICH KIND she likes.
**Write these notes under your warm-up.
Non-Restrictive Clause
• Group of words that add additional
information. It does not narrow the focus.
**Write these notes under your warm-up.
Non-Restrictive Clause Example
The hotel provides each guest with a robe, which
is available for purchase at the front desk.
*tells us MORE INFO about the robes.
**does not tell us which one or what kind.
**Write these notes under your warm-up.
Non-Restrictive Clauses are set off
with COMMAS!
• The hotel provides each guest with a
,
robe which is available for purchase at
the front desk.
By the Waters of Babylon Test
write an explanation of the context of the quote: what is happening, who
is saying the quote if it’s in dialogue, whom the quote refers to,
implications for the characters, etc. 100 words minimum.
(Page: 5)
“Then I saw the dead god. He was sitting in his chair, by the
window, in a room I had not entered before and, for the first
moment, I thought that he was alive. Then I saw the skin on the
back of his hand—it was like dry leather. The room was shut,
hot and dry—no doubt that had kept him as he was. At first I
was afraid to approach him—then the fear left me. He was
sitting looking out over the city—he was dressed in the clothes
of the gods. His age was neither young nor old—I could not tell
his age. But there was wisdom in his face and great sadness.
You could see that he would have not run away. He had sat at
his window, watching his city die—then he himself had died.”
By the Waters of Babylon
Discussion
• Allusion: the act of making an indirect
reference to something
• Symbolism: the use of a concrete object
to represent an abstract idea
Allusions in By the Waters of
Babylon
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New York City
Appalachian Mountains
Hudson River
George Washington statue (ashing)
Subtreasury Building (ubtreas)
Grand Central Terminal
Psalm 137
Archetypes
• They are the basic building blocks of
stories that all writers use to create a world
to which readers can escape.
• Without communicating about archetypes,
all cultures around the world use them to
build their stories. This is called the
Collective Unconscious (term coined by
Carl Jung).
The Hero’s Journey
The Ordinary World Most stories take the hero out of the
ordinary, mundane world into a Special World, new and alien.
The Call to Adventure The hero is presented with a problem,
challenge, or adventure to undertake.
• Once presented with a call to adventure, she can no longer
remain indefinitely in the comfort of the ordinary world.
Refusal of the Call (The Reluctant Hero) This one is about fear.
The hero balks at the threshold of adventure.
The Hero’s Journey
Mentor (The Wise Old Man or Woman) The relationship
between hero and Mentor is one of the most common themes
in mythology, one of the most symbolic. It stands for the bond
between parent and child, teacher and student, doctor and
patient, god and man.
Crossing the First Threshold The hero finally commits to the
adventure and fully enters the Special World of the story for
the first time.
Tests, Allies and Enemies The hero naturally encounters new
challenges and tests, makes allies and enemies, and begins to
learn the rules of the Special World.
The Hero’s Journey
Approach to the Inmost Cave The hero comes at last to the
edge of a dangerous place, sometimes deep underground,
where the object of the quest is hidden.
The Supreme Ordeal Here the fortunes of the hero hit bottom
in a direct confrontation with his greatest fear. The hero, like
Jonah, is “in the belly of the beast.”
Reward (Seizing the Sword) The hero now takes possession
of the treasure she has come seeking, her reward.
Sometimes the “sword” is knowledge and experience that
leads to greater understanding and reconciliation with hostile
forces. The hero may also be reconciled with the opposite
sex. In many stories the loved one is the treasure the hero
has come to win or rescue.
The Hero’s Journey
The Road Back This stage marks the decision to return to the Ordinary
World.
Resurrection Death and darkness get in one last, desperate shot before
being finally defeated. It’s a final exam for the hero, who must be tested
once more to see if he has really learned the lessons of the Supreme
Ordeal.
Return with the Elixir The hero returns to the Ordinary World, but the
journey is meaningless unless she brings back some Elixir, treasure, or
lesson from the Special World. The Elixir is a magic potion with the power
to heal.
Unless something is brought back from the ordeal in the Inmost Cave, the
hero is doomed to repeat the adventure. Many comedies use this ending,
as the foolish character refuses to learn his lesson and embarks on the
same folly that got him in trouble in the first place.
Archetypes in By the Waters of
Babylon
• Using the Hero’s Journey notes, label
each section of the story as if fits into the
archetypes.