Transcript Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers A Link to the

Chapter 1 - Introduction
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Remember
September 11, 2001
When I originally created this presentation, it was shortly after
Sept. 11. When I updated my slides, I couldn’t delete these
slides. I think we just have to remember!
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God may give you mercy,
but we will not!
Senator John McCain
COMPUTER LITERACY
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Knowing how to use a computer
Knowledge and understanding
of computers and how they are used in
society
What Is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory
Accepts data
Manipulates
Data
Produces
information
(Input)
(Processing)
(Output)
Information Processing Cycle
Information Processing Cycle
D
Data
I
are
changed
(Facts)
Input
into
Information
(Useful Form)
Process
Storage
Output
Communications
What is Green computing?
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Involves reducing the electricity consumed
and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
Strategies include:
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Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced
computers
THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Input
Process
Storage
Output
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Input Devices
Output Devices
System Unit contains
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Processing Devices
CPU & Main Memory
(RAM)
Storage Devices
Communications
Devices
Output
Output
Storage
Input
Input
Communications
Input
Input
Input
Input
Process
Output
What is the system unit?
system unit

Case that contains
electronic components
of the computer used
to process data
system unit
system unit
system unit
What are common components inside the system unit?
Circuitry
power supply
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Processor
Memory
Adapter cards
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drive bays
processor
memory
ports
Sound card
Modem card
Video card
Network card
sound card
network card
modem card
video card
What is the motherboard?
adapter cards
processor chip
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Main circuit
board in system
unit
Contains adapter
cards, processor
chips, and
memory chips
memory chips
memory slots
Expansion
slots for
adapter cards
motherboard
What is storage?

Storage holds data, instructions, and
information for future use
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Storage media
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Physical material on which data is stored
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Hard disks, CD &DVDs, flash media more
Floppy disks (no more, obsolete!)
Storage device

The mechanism that retrieves & records (reads/writes)
data to and from the storage media
Types of storage media
Hard disks, flash
media, CDs &
DVDs, floppy
disks, others?
What are communication
devices?

Hardware that enables a computer to
send & receive data
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Modem
Network card
Check Webopedia
for a definition
Transmission media

Cables, telephone lines, radio networks,
satellites and other?
Why use a computer?
Why is a computer so powerful?
Close to the
speed of light
Low failure rate
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Speed
Process error free
Reliability
GIGO !
Accuracy
Garbage In Garbage Out
Storage
Total & instant recall
Communications
Share resources:
devices & data
What is Computer Software?

Computer programs
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A series of instructions that tells the computer
hardware how to perform tasks
Two general categories of software
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
Application Software
Systems Software

Coordinates hardware and runs application
software
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Operating system
User interface
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Graphical user interface (GUI – icons & menus)
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Microsoft Windows 98, ME & 2000, XP, Windows 7
Utility programs
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Help manage the computer, its devices & programs
Examples include:
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Uninstall, format disks, add printers, etc.
Application Software
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Performs specific tasks
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Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation Graphics
Many other tasks
How do we obtain software?
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The operating system is usually bundled
with the computer when purchased
Some applications may be bundled with
the computer
•Packaged software
•Custom software
•Shareware
•Freeware and public-domain software
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Software Development
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Computer programmers
Programming languages
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Visual Basic
C++
Java
Systems analyst
Works with users &
programmers to
design programs
What are the elements of an
Information System?
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When System Analysts work with an
information system they must consider
all of the elements
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Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
What is a Network?
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A collection of computers & devices
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Sharing connected resources
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Local Area Network – LAN
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Hardware (often wireless)
Software
Data
Office & close buildings like a campus
Wide Area Network – WAN
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Large geographic area like to U Mary Fargo
What is a server?
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A server manages the
resources on a
network
Clients access the
resources on the server
What is the Internet?
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A worldwide collection of networks
What is the Web?
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The World Wide Web is a service on or
a part of the Internet
Connects Web sites containing Web
pages through a means of hyperlinks
What is the Internet/Web
used for?
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Internet uses:
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E-mail
Accessing Information
Shopping
Meeting people – social networking (Facebook)
Entertainment
Remember that the World Wide Web is one part/a service
on the Internet
Web browsers help navigate the WWW
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Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator
What is social networking?

A Web site that encourages members to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other
registered users
What are the Seven Categories of Computers?
1
The Personal Computer category
includes
Desktop computers
Two popular architectures are:
1. PCs &
2. MACs (Apple)
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
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Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself
If the PC is not connected to another (host) computer
 It is said to be a “stand alone computer”
What is a Workstation?
A very powerful PC (desktop)
used for intense calculations & graphic
intensive applications (graphic art ,
desktop publishing, multimedia, etc.)
Tower Model
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
1. Personal computers
2
Mobile Computers
•
•
Notebook or laptop
Tablet PC
Mobile
•
•
•
•
Devices
Smart Phones
Digital cameras
E-book readers
Media players
What is a Tablet PC?
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Useful for taking handwritten notes.
Allows you to write on the screen using
a digital pen
3 - Game Consoles?
A mobile computer using
handheld controllers as input
devices.
Surgeons hone skills using
the Wii system.
Mobile Computers
Click on the blackberry above to start the video
tobacco
Mobile Computers
Click the Smart
Cards to view a video
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
1. Personal computers
2. Mobile computers
3. Game Consoles
4
Servers
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Control the access to hardware,
software, & data
Provide a centralized storage area
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
Personal computers
Mobile computers
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframe
computers
Mainframe Computers
are
Than Servers
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Very powerful & expensive
Can handle hundreds or thousands
of connected users simultaneously
6
SUPERCOMPUTERS
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Fastest, most powerful computers
Able to process more than one
quadrillion instructions per second
and growing!
1 quadrillion = 1,000 trillion
How fast are these supercomputers?
Let’s try to understand the terminology
used in the video (next slide).
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FLOP = a floating point operation (I think it is a
mathematical calculation of fractions.) I am going to
think about one mathematical calculation.
Kilo = 1,000 mathematical calculation per second
Mega = 1,000,000 (a million)
Giga = 1,000,000,000 (a billion; current PCs)
Tera = 1,000,000,000,000 (a trillion)
Peta = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillion)
Currently (July, 2011) a Japanese supercomputer
running at 8 petaflops is the world’s fastest computer
Click to view video
7 - Embedded computers?
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A special-purpose computer that functions
as a component in a larger product
Consumer
Electronics
• Mobile and digital
telephones
• Digital televisions
• Cameras
• Video recorders
• DVD players and
recorders
• Answering
machines
Home Automation
Devices
• Thermostats
• Sprinkling systems
• Security monitoring
systems
• Appliances
• Lights
Automobiles
• Antilock brakes
• Engine control
modules
• Airbag controller
• Cruise control
Process
Controllers and
Robotics
• Remote monitoring
systems
• Power monitors
• Machine controllers
• Medical devices
Computer Devices
and Office
Machines
• Keyboards
• Printers
• Faxes
• Copiers
Examples of Computer Applications in Society
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Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry
p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43
Video: Computer History in a Barn
CLICK TO START
History of Computers
Click on the rectangle above to start the video
300 computers in 140 seconds
Embedded Computers
Click on the rectangle above to start the video
Smart Dust Micro Computers
2:30 minute video
Chapter 1 Complete