Transcript Slajd 1 - Lublin

Early Christians observed Easter on the
The Christian festival of Easter celebrates
same daytheasresurrection
Passover (14-15 Nisan, a date
(the return to life) of Jesus Christ.
The spring
has its
governed
by afestival
lunar calendar).
In the 2nd century,
Easter
DayPassover,
is currently
determined
as
the Israel's
roots in the
Jewish
which
commemorates
the
Christian
celebration
was transferred to the
first
Sunday
after
the
full
moon
on
or
after
March
deliverance from the bondage of Sunday
Egypt, and infollowing
the Christianthe
14-15
Nisan,
21.
The EasternofOrthodox
churches,
however,
reinterpretation
its meaning
after
the
crucifixion
of Jesus
if that
day fellfollow
on
a weekday. According to the
the
Julian
rather
than
the
Gregorian
calendar,
during the Passover of AD c.30 and
the proclamation
his Easter is derived from
Venerable
Bede, theofname
so their celebration
usually
several
weeks
later festival of the Anglo-Saxon
resurrection
three days
later falls the
pagan
spring
than the Western Easter. Eastergoddess
is precededEostre,
by the and many folk customs
period of preparation called Lent.associated with Easter - for example: Easter
eggs, are of pagan origin.
For Christians, Lent is a 40-day
penitential period of prayer and fasting that
precedes Easter. In the Western church,
observance of Lent begins 6 1/2 weeks prior to
Easter on Ash Wednesday; (Sundays are
excluded). In the Eastern church the period
extends over 7 weeks because both Saturdays
and Sundays are excluded. Formerly
a severe fast was prescribed: only one full meal
a day was allowed, and meat, fish, eggs, and milk
products were forbidden. Today, however, prayer
and works of charity are emphasized. Lent has
been observed since the 4th century.
In the Christian church, the first day of Lent,
occurring 6 1/2 weeks before Easter (between
February 4 and March 11, depending on the date of
wasearly
the practice
Rome for
Easter). InIt the
Christianinchurch,
thepenitents
length of to
begin
their celebration
period of public
penance
on the first
day
the
Lenten
varied,
but eventually
it began
Lent. They
werebefore
sprinkled
with This
ashes,
dressed
in
6ofweeks
(42 days)
Easter.
provided
only
sackcloth,
and
obliged
remain
apart
they
36
days ofInfast
Sundays).
In until
the
7th
the(excluding
moderntoRoman
Catholic
church,
were
reconciled
with added
the
century,
4Wednesday
days were
before community
the
first Sunday
on Ash
theChristian
worshiper
receives
aon in
Maundy
Thursday,
Thursday
Easter.
Lent
in marked
order
to on
establish
40 fasting
days,
in
imitation
cross
thethe
forehead
withbefore
the ashes
When
these
fell
into
disuse
(8th-10th
of
Jesus
Christ's
fast in
the
desert.
obtained
by practices
burning
the
palms
used on
the
century),
the
beginning
of
the
penitential
previous Palm Sunday. Worship servicesseason
are of
Lent
by placinginashes
on the heads
also was
heldsymbolized
on Ash Wednesday
the Anglican,
of
the entireand
congregation.
Lutheran,
some other Protestant churches.
Eastern Orthodox churches begin Lent on a
Monday and therefore do not observe Ash
Wednesday.
CROSS OF THE HOLY WEEK
In the Christian Church, the week between Palm Sunday and Easter,
observed with special solemnity as a time of devotion to the passion of Jesus
Christ. In the Greek and Roman liturgical books it is called the Great Week
because great deeds were done by God during this week. The name Holy
Week was used in the 4th century by Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, and
Epiphanius, bishop of Constantia. Originally only Friday and Saturday were
observed as holy days; later Wednesday was added as the day on which
Judas plotted to betray Jesus, and by the beginning of the 3rd century the
other days of the week had been added. The pre-Nicene Church concentrated
its attention on the celebration of one great feast, the Christian Passover, on
the night between Saturday and Easter Sunday morning. By the later 4th
century the practice had begun of separating the various events and
commemorating them on the days of the week on which they occurred: Judas'
betrayal and the institution of the Eucharist on Maundy Thursday; the passion
and death of Christ on Good Friday; his burial on Saturday; and his
Resurrection on Easter Sunday.
Musical settings for the crowd parts were
Also called Passion
Sunday, sung
in theby
Christian
tradition,
first of the
sometimes
the choir.
After reforms
day of Holy Week and the Sunday
Easter,
commemorating
Roman before
Catholic
liturgies
in 1955 and 1969, the
Jesus Christ's triumphal entry
into Jerusalem.
It is associated
in thein order to
ceremonies
were somewhat
simplified
Roman Catholic church (and
others) with
blessing
and
emphasize
thethe
suffering
and
death of Christ. The day is
procession of palms (leavesnow
of the
dateofficially
palm orPassion
twigs from
locally the liturgy begins
called
Sunday;
available trees). These special
wereprocession
taking place
withceremonies
a blessing and
of palms, but prime
toward the end of the 4th century
in Jerusalem
are described
in the Passion,
attention
is given to and
a lengthy
reading of
the travelogue Peregrinatio with
Etheriae
Pilgrimage
of Etheria).
parts(The
taken
by the priest,
lectors, In
and the
the West the earliest evidence
of
the
ceremonies
is
found
in
the
congregation.
Bobbio Sacramentary (8th century). During the European Middle
Ages the ceremony for the blessing of the palms was elaborate: the
procession began in one church, went to a church in which the
palms were blessed, and returned to the church in which the
procession had originated for the singing of the liturgy. The principal
feature of the liturgy that followed the procession was the chanting
by three deacons of the account of the Passion of Christ (Matthew
26:36-27:54).
Also called Holy Thursday, the Thursday before Easter,
observed in commemoration of Jesus Christ's institution of the Eucharist.
thefrom
evening
liturgy the
hosts
The nameDuring
is taken
an anthem
sung
in Roman Catholic churches
are consecrated for
communion
on
onthe
that
day: "Mandatum
novum do vobis" ("a new
Good Friday (when
there is no liturgy),
and
commandment
I give to
you"; John 13:34). In the early
the ceremony of the
washing
of feetthe
is day was celebrated with a general
Christian
church
performed by the celebrant,
who
communion
of clergy and people. At a special mass the
ceremonially washes
the feet
of 12 men
bishop
consecrated
theinholy oils in preparation for the
memory of Christ'sanointing
washing of
thethe
feet
of his at the Baptism on Easter
neophytes
disciples. Eastern night.
Orthodox
churches
also Thursday has been
Since
1956 Maundy
have a ceremony of
foot washing
and Catholic churches with a morning
celebrated
in Roman
blessing of oil on this
day.for the consecration of the holy oils for the
liturgy
coming year and an evening liturgy in commemoration of the institution of
the Eucharist, with a general communion.
In the
Roman
Roman
Catholic
church, the
The Friday before
Easter,
therite
dayofinthe
Holy
Week
on
liturgical
service for of
Good
Friday has been in
which the yearly commemoration
of the Crucifixion
Jesus
approximately
same
Christ is observed. As early as the
2nd century,the
there
areform for centuries,
the
notable
difference
since 1955 being the
references
to fasting and penance
on this
day by Christians,
who,communion
since the time of the early church, of the people. The liturgy, now
after Friday
3:00 as a fast day
Pm, consists of three
had celebrated
observed every
distinctofparts:
readings and
prayers (including
in memory
the Crucifixion.
the Passion according to St. John),
the veneration of
the cross, and the communion (in place of the Liturgy of the
Presanctified, which developed in the Middle Ages). Nonliturgical
devotions such as the Way of the Cross and the Three Hours Service
were introduced in the Roman Catholic church after the Protestant
Reformation and are still observed in some places. The Three Hours
Service is a three-hour-long service consisting of sermons, hymns, and
prayers centred on Christ's "seven last words on the Cross." It takes
place from 12 noon to 3:00 Pm on Good Friday.
Beginning in 1955, the Roman
Also called EASTER VIGIL,
Catholic and some other churches
Christian religious observance that ends
restored the Easter Vigil; Eastern
the Lenten season, falling on the day
Orthodox churches never abandoned the
before Easter Sunday. The early church
ceremony. The vigil celebration may
celebrated the end of Lent with large
include lighting fires to symbolize Christ's
baptismal ceremonies; but, for many
passing from death to life and tolling bells
centuries, no services were held on
to signify the joyous end of Lent.
Holy Saturday in the Western churches,
recalling the suspended state of Christ's
followers in the period between the
Crucifixion and the Resurrection.
Easter, the Sunday of the Resurrection, or
Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast
of the Christian liturgical year, observed between late
March and late April (early April to early May in
Eastern Christianity). It celebrates the resurrection of
Jesus, which his followers believe occurred
on the third day after his death by crucifixion
some time in the period AD 27 to 33. In the
Roman Catholic Church, Easter is actually
an eight-day feast called the Octave of Easter.
The Easter Egg
Today, children hunt colored
predates the Christian holiday of
Easter. The exchange of eggs ineggs and place them in Easter baskets
the springtime is a custom that along with the modern version of real
was centuries old when Easter Easter eggs - those made of plastic or
chocolate candy.
was first celebrated by
From the earliest times, the egg
Christians.
was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures.
Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if
you were a peasant, colored brightly by
boiling them with the leaves or petals of
certain flowers.
The Easter Bunny is not a modern
invention, either. The symbol originated with the
pagan festival of Eostre. The goddess, Eostre,
was worshipped by the Anglo-Saxons through her
earthly symbol, the rabbit
The Germans brought the
symbol of the Easter rabbit to America. It
was widely ignored by other Christians
until shortly after the Civil War. In fact,
Easter itself was not widely celebrated in
America until after that time.
Are rung in France and Italy
This is the symbol for the
throughout the year but they are notChristian
rung religion as Jesus was
The lamb is a symbol as people
on the ThursdayThe
before
Theyto a cross but then came
lily good
was aFriday.
reminder
nailed
thought of Jesus as the Good Shepherd who
are silent
as way
to remember
death
to the
Christians
of how the
Jesus
back
to life.
would
watch over them as they were lambs.
of Jesus.
They
are to
then
Easter
came
back
life.rung
The on
white
Lambs are born in spring. The Israelites also
SundayEaster
as wayLily
of is
telling
Jesus is
usedpeople
in many
used lamb's blood to save their firstborn in
alive again.
Easter services. It is supposed to
ancient Egypt.
be a symbol of the purity of the
Virgin Mary.
• 1/3
1/2 cup cold
sugarunsalted butter (no substitutes)
• 1 beaten
tablespoon
egg cornstarch
yolk
• 1-1/2
•1
tablespoon
teaspoons
lemon
finely
juiceshredded lemon peel
• 2
3 teaspoons
tablespoonspoppy
lemonseed
juice
• 1/4
3 tablespoons
cup unsalted
water
butter (no substitutes), cut
into 4 pieces
• 3 slightly beaten egg yolks
• Nonstick cooking spray
• 1 cup all-purpose flour
• 1/4 cup apple jelly
• 1/4 cup sugar
• 3 cups fresh strawberries, blueberries, or raspberries
PREPARATION: 30min
COOK:16min
In
small
saucepan,
heat
and
 Loosen
and
sides
of
tart
Combine
flour
and the
1/4stir
cup
sugar.
Fora filling,
Lightly
coat
inaremove
a9-inch
saucepan,
round
tart
together
pan withthe
stir
jelly
and
2
teaspoons
pan;
shell
onbutter
serving
platter.
Cut
inplace
the
1/3
cup
using
aspray.
pastry
removable
bottom
with
cooking
Rollpeel,
1/2 apple
cup
sugar
cornstarch.
Add
lemon
Wrap
pastry
dough
in
plastic
wrap
water
until
melted.
Cool
slightly.
blender
Spread
lemon
until
pieces
filling
are
intothe
shell.
size
Top
of small
pastry
between
twolemon
sheets
of
waxed
paperCook
the 3 tablespoons
juice,
and
water.
andan
refrigerate
upgently
to
2top
days.
Wash
berries;
drain
and
dry
peas.
with
berries.
Combine
1 beaten
berries
egg
gently
yolk,
the
1 Bring
into
11-inch
circle.
Remove
paper.
and
stir
over Brush
medium
heat
until
thick
and
on
layers
of
paper
towels.
with
jelly
mixture.
Serve
tablespoon
lemon
juice,
and
2lemon
teaspoons
bubbly.
Invert
pastry
Slowly
into
stirtart
half
pan;
ofimmediately,
the
remove
waxed
mixture
into
toseveral
room
temperature
before
using.
or
and
chillReturn
up
tostir
4all
hours.
poppy
seed;
gradually
into
flour
mixture.
thecover
paper.
3 egg
Trim
yolks.
pastry
even
with
egg
rim
yolk
of pan.
mixture to
Makes
8fork,
servings.
Gently
dough
Using
aknead
generously
prickmixture
bottom forms
and
saucepan.
Cook
and just
stir until
comes
to
a ball.
sides
of pastry.
Lineand
pastry
with more.
gentle
boil. Cook
stir shell
2 minutes
double
of Add
foil. Bake
Removethickness
from heat.
butterinall375
at once,
stirring until
degree
F oven
completely
for 7 minutes.
melted.
Remove
Cover surface
foil.
with plastic
Bake
9 to 10wrap.
minutes
Chillmore
at least
or until
1 hour
golden.
or for up
Cool
completely in pan on a wire rack.
to 2 days.
To play this song, click here
1. Here comes Peter
2. Bringin' ev'ry girl and boy 3. He's got jelly beans for Tommy
Cottontail
A basketful of Easter joy
Colored eggs for sister Sue
Hoppin' down the bunny trail, Things to make your Easter There's an orchid for your mommy
Hippity hoppity,
Bright and gay
And an Easter bonnet too. Oh!
Easter's on its way
5. Look at him hop and listen to him say,
"Try to do the things you should"
Maybe if you're extra good
He'll roll lots of Easter eggs your way
4. Here' comes Peter Cottontail
Hoppin' down the bunny trail
7. Here' comes Peter
Hippity hoppity
Cottontail
Happy Easter Day
Hoppin' down the bunny trail
Hippity hoppity
Happy Easter Day.
6. You'll wake up on Easter
morning
And you'll know that he was there
When you find those choc'late
bunnies
That he's hiding ev’rywhere, Oh!
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