Transcript Capitalization

Capitalization
Chapter 11
Personal Names
• Names and initials
• J. R. R. Tolkien
• Titles used with a name
• Pastor David Warren
• The pastor will be there.
• Family words used as proper nouns
• What are we having for dinner, Mom?
• I asked my mom what we were having for dinner.
Personal Names
• Terms used as descriptive substitutes for proper
nouns
• the Father of American Literature (James Fenimore
Cooper)
• Personifications
• “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, / Old Time is still aflying”
Religions
• Names of Religions and denominations
• Islam, Muslim
• Episcopalian, Christian, Baptist
• Nouns and personal nouns referring to the one true
God
• Jesus Christ died on the cross; He also rose from the
dead.
• Zeus is the Greek god of the sky.
• Names of sacred writings
• Holy Bible, Genesis, Old Testament
• Koran
Nationalities
• Nationalities
• American
• Races
• Asian
• Languages
• English, Spanish
• Proper adjectives
• Shakespearean sonnet
• Do not capitalize a word modified by a proper
adjective unless the two together form a proper
name.
• Stuart literature
Exercise 11-1
• 1. I was telling mother about Samuel Langhorne
Clemens.
• 2. Samuel Clemens denied God’s revelation to
man through scripture.
• 3. Clemens did not want any responsibility to his
creator.
• 4. Clemens spent much time with Orion, his
brother. Orion received a special appointment
from president Lincoln.
• 5. The President appointed Orion as Secretary of
the Nevada territory.
Exercise 11-1
• 6. Clemens’s Father died when Samuel was only
eight.
• 7. Samuel Clemens later took the name mark
twain.
• 8. “The marvel of nature shaking off sleep and
going to work unfolded itself to the musing boy.”
(from Tom Sawyer)
• 9. Many note Twain’s importance in american
literary history.
• 10. The Innocents Abroad is a book that
exaggerates certain features of european culture.
Write the sentences that I read
aloud. Capitalize correctly.
• Have you ever lived in the West.
• Kendall’s new house is located one mile west of
town.
• He worked as a news correspondent in the Middle
East.
• The highway forms the southern border of the
country.
Place Names
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Countries- United States of America
Continents- North America
Flag names- the Star Spangled Banner
Cities- Midland
States- Michigan
Sections of the country or the world• The South lost the Civil War.
• Do not capitalize compass words when they
indicate direction.
• Drive south on 63.
Directions and Capitalization
• If a direction word should be capitalized, it may be
replaced with a proper noun.
• Have you ever lived the West?
• Have you ever lived in Colorado?
• Kendall’s new house is located one mile west of
town.
• Kendall’s new house is located one mile Colorado
of town.
Place Names
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Geographic features- the Rocky Mountains
Recreational areas- Chippewa Nature Center
Streets and roads- Perrine Road
Bodies of water- the Tittabawassee River
Do not capitalize a geographic noun unless it is
part of a proper noun.
• We drove down the road to school.
• The river flooded the downtown area.
Transportation
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Aircraft- Air Force One
Spacecraft- Apollo 13
Ships- Titanic
Trains- Tom Thumb
Astronomical Terms
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Planets- Mars
Stars- Aladfar
Other Heavenly bodies- Orion
Capitalize the words earth, sun, and moon only
when they are listed with another specific
heavenly body.
• The sun, moon, and stars bowed down to Joseph.
• The planet Venus is nearer to Earth than Pluto is.
• Never capitalize earth when it is preceded by the
word the.
• The earth orbits around the sun.
Exercise 11-4
• 1. My cousin from the Black forest writes about
the geography of north America.
• 2. Aba really enjoyed her trip on the concorde, the
world’s first commercial supersonic jet.
• 3. We took a lengthy trip through many States.
• 4. Aba and I started by driving East toward the
coast.
• 5. We took the ferry from Manhattan to Staten
Island.
Exercise 11-4
• 6. We drove in the tunnel beneath the chesapeake
bay.
• 7. I remembered our country’s fight in the
Revolutionary War as I saw the stars and stripes
flying at Ft. McHenry in Maryland.
• 8. When we visited Michigan, we went to
Mackinac island.
• 9. We saw mountains, valleys, lakes, and rivers.
• 10. Our trip ended at my house, which is located at
800 valley drive, bellefonte, pennsylvania.
Write a short advertisement for a
vacation spot or historical site.
Businesses and Organizations
• Businesses- Dow Chemical Company
• Do not capitalize the common noun for the
business.
• The company is not hiring.
• Brand names of business products- Kleenex
• Do not capitalize the product unless it is a part of the
brand name.- Kleenex tissue
• Government departments- CIA, Central
Intelligence Agency
• Programs- New Deal
• Political parties- Republican Party
Organizations
• Organizations- Boy Scouts of America
• Do not capitalize the common noun for a team or club.
• The soccer team will travel later this week.
• Members of most organizations- Republicans
• Do not capitalize members of an academic class.sophomores
• Schools- Calvary Baptist Academy
• Do not capitalize the common name for a school.
• The academy is located on Perrine Road.
Structures
• Buildings- Empire State Building
• Structures- Brooklyn Bridge
• Monuments- Washington Monument
Times of the Year
• Months- August
• Days- Sunday
• Do not capitalize the name of a season unless it is
personified.
• I can’t wait for summer!
• I watched as Spring shook off the sleep of winter.
• Holidays- Thanksgiving Day
• B. C. and A. D.- B.C. is placed after the year, and
A.D. is placed before the year.
• 95 B. C.
• A. D. 2014
Various Capitalization Rules
• A. M. or a. m./ P. M. or p. m.- Be consistent.
• Historical events and periods- Civil War
• Historic documents- the Emancipation
Proclamation
• Special events and awards- Midland County Fair,
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Exercise 11-7
• 1. I really enjoy reading at my local Library.
• 2. Las Tuesday there were some High School
students there doing research.
• 3. They were researching the Cold War era for
their senior papers.
• 4. Books by winners of the Nobel prize are
sometimes good to read.
• 5. Bede, an outstanding scholar of his age, wrote
around a. d. 700.
Exercise 11-7
• 6. My brother is a member of the Bluemont
Reading Club.
• 7. The club members recently read a book on
famous New York landmarks, including
Rockefeller center.
• 8. For a week next Summer, my brother is going
with a group to Europe to study literature.
• 9. His group will be leaving on Independence day.
• 10. His College will give him credit for the time
spent there.
Titles
• Newspapers and magazines- Midland Daily News,
Time
• Do not capitalize the word the when referring to a
newspaper.
• Literary compositions (books, essays, poems,
stories, plays, etc.)- Emma, “Lady Clare”
• Except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions
• Sections of a book or play- Chapter 4, Act I,
Preface
• Some do not capitalize parts of a book or play unless
they appear as a title.
Titles
• Musical compositions (songs, operas, etc.)- “Holy!
Holy! Holy!”
• Works of art- the Mona Lisa
• Television and radio programs- Gilligan's Island,
Adventures in Odyssey
• Specific courses of studies (languages and courses
with a number)- English, Spanish, Drama 101
• Do not capitalize the common noun for a course.
• We have drama this afternoon.
First Words
• First word in a sentence- Glorify God by doing
your best!
• First word in a line of dialogue- Miss MacQuarrie
exclaimed, “Isn’t English wonderful!”
• Do not capitalize the second part of a divided quotation
unless the second part is the beginning of a new
sentence.
• “This is our last writing assignment,” Miss MacQuarrie
proclaimed, “and it to be a work of art!”
• The first word in a line of poetry- “Two
households, both alike in dignity, / In fair Verona,
where we lay our scene. . .”
First Words
• First words and any proper nouns and adjectives in
a formal outline
• I. Shakespeare’s childhood
• A.
• B.
His parents
His education
• II. Shakespeare’s career
• First word and all nouns in the greeting of a letterDear Pastor David Warren and Family,
• First word in the closing of a letter- Sincerely,
Letters
• Personal pronoun I
• Mrs. Andrews and I will attend the banquet.
• Archaic interjection O
• O woe is me!
• Single letters used as words (academic grades,
vitamins, musical notes, and major keys)
• Vitamin C helps your immune system.
• I earned an A on the paper.
• Letters used to clarify the following word.
• The T-zone is the seating zone on which the teacher
focuses his/her attention.
Capitalization Show-Down!
Exercise 11-9
• 1. Did you remember to bring your Government
book to class?
• 2. Let’s look at the headlines of The Detroit Daily.
• 3. Many current events are discussed on the today
show.
• 4. You may write about a current event for your
Composition 100 class.
• 5. Yes, you may also write about a novel like
Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland.
Exercise 11-9
• 6. Perhaps you could research a famous painting
such as The Adoration of the Magi.
• 7. If you meet just the basic requirements, you will
get a c.
• 8. Writing is a process. you need to make certain
that you give yourself enough time.
• 9. Please read chapter 10 in your book by
tomorrow.
• 10. You are dismissed to your calculus class.