Transcript Unit 6

Unit 6
Sports and Exercises
 ballroom: n. 舞厅
 ballroom dancing: a set of
partner dances, which are
enjoyed both socially and
competitively around the globe.
Its performance and
entertainment aspects are also
widely enjoyed on stage, in film,
and on television.
International Style
 International Standard
 International Latin
 Slow Waltz 慢三
 Cha-cha-cha 恰恰
 Tango 探戈
 Samba 桑巴
 Viennese Waltz 维也纳
 Rumba 伦巴
华尔兹（快三）
 Slow Foxtrot 狐步（慢
四）
 Quickstep 快步（快四）
 Paso Doble 斗牛舞
 Jive 牛仔舞
 During her second week of stay in USA,
Ann finds a flyer about the on-campus
exercise program in the students’ mailbox.
She’s talking to Margaret, a sophomore of
Media Studies. Both of them have chosen
a course offered by English Department.

安到美国的第二周，在学生邮箱中看到一
张关于校园内运动活动的传单。她和玛格
丽特在一起聊天，玛格丽特是媒体学的二
年级学生，她们两人都选了一门英文系的
课程。
（广告）传单 e.g
15% off with this flyer 凭此宣传品优惠15%
promotional flyer 推广宣传单
 a flyer n.
Design a flyer to recruit potential volunteers. 设计一份宣
传单来招募潜在的志愿者。
 mailbox (mail + box) n. 邮箱 e.g.
push a flyer into a mailbox 把传单投入邮箱
drop these letters in the nearest mailbox.
把这些信投入
最近的邮箱
 sophomore n.
大学二年级学生
head into one’s sophomore year at the University 读大学
二年级
freshman 一年级学生 junior 三年级学生 senior 四年级学生
 Ann: I was looking at the flyer about the
exercise programs. I didn’t know there is a
gym open to students.
 Margaret: Yeah, it’s really convenient.
That’s quite a place!
 I didn’t know there is a gym open to
students.
gym: n. 健身房(gymnasium) ，体育，体操
gym teacher 体育教师
gym class 体育课
Are you coming with me for a work-out at the
gym? 你将同我一起来健身房锻炼吗？
You have full use of the gym and swimming
pool while you're here. 只要住在这儿，您就可充
分利用健身房和游泳池。
 open: adj.开放的，公开的
 be open to … 对……开放
e.g.
be open to the public 对公众开放
The bar is open to non-residents. 酒吧对外营业.
The swimming club is open to families in the
neighborhood without restriction. 这个游泳俱乐部对邻
近地区的家庭开放,不受限制。
He doubts the truth of your story, but is open to
conviction. 他对你说的事有怀疑，但只要有证据，他是
愿意信服的。
 … it’s really convenient. That’s quite a place!
 convenient: adj. 方便的，便利的；合适的;
be convenient for sb 对某人方便.
live in a convenient place 住在方便的地方.
a convenient tool for job 对工作合适的工具.
arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting
安排一个合适的时间和地点开会.
When would it be convenient for you to go? 你什么
时候去方便?
If it is convenient to you, please call at eight o`clock.
如果你方便的话，请在八点钟来.
 That’s quite a place! 那地方不错。
 quite强调程度，一般修饰形容词或动词。在此表示That’s
quite a good place.
 more examples:
That’s quite a directive. 这句话很有命令的味道。
That’s quite a load. 那可真是个负担。
 quite用法举例：
quite a long time 很长的时间.
be quite ill 病得很重.
I am quite tired. 我相当累.
I quite like him. 我相当喜欢他.
It’s quite another thing.那完全是另一码事.
fairly, quite, rather, pretty用法区别
 这几个表示程度的副词从强到弱的顺序是：
rather/pretty → quite → fairly。比如说一部电影
fairly good，意思也许是“勉强可以看”；如果你认为
这部电影quite good，那就意在推荐，认为值得一
看；如果说这部电影rather good，那就是胜过多数
电影了；pretty和rather差不多，只是大多数情况下
用于非正式文体中。 这四个词在用法上还有几点值
得注意：
 只有rather一词能和比较级及too连用, fairly, quite,
pretty却不能。如：rather warmer, rather too sure(
有点太自信)，quite可用在better前，指病完全好了
。
 quite和rather都可以用在冠词前，也可和动词连用
，pretty和fairly则不能。如：quite a good film，
rather a good idea, I quite like her.或I rather enjoy
doing nothing.
 一些“没有程度差别”的词，如：perfect,
impossible, dead, 不能fairly, rather, pretty连用，但
可以和quite连用，表示completely或absolutely(完
全)的意思。如：quite exhausted(精疲力尽)，quite
perfect（好极了）。
 可以说：It’s quite the same. 但不能说：It’s not
quite the same.
 Ann: I was looking at the flyer about the
exercise programs. I didn’t know there is a
gym open to students.
 Margaret: Yeah, it’s really convenient.
That’s quite a place!
 安：我刚才在看这份关于运动项目的传单，
我还不知道有个体育馆对学生开放。
 玛格丽特：是啊，的确很方便，那个地方不
错。
 Ann: How often do you go there?
 Margaret: I go there three times a week.
 Ann: No wonder you look so fit.
 Margaret: Thanks. Do you exercise
frequently?
 Conversation:
 Ann: How often do you go there?
 Margaret: I go there three times a week.
 how often及回答
 针对频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次
数”的状语提问时，都要用how often
 对how often提问的句子，通常要用频度副词或诸如
every day, each week, once a week, twice a day,
four times a month等来回答。
How often
 例句：
—How often does Mary go to the concert?
—She often goes to it on Saturday evening.
—How often does my daughter take the medicine?
— Three times a day.
—How often do you borrow books from the library?
—Twice a month.
—How often does your mother do the washing?
—She does it every day.
 No wonder you look so fit.
 Margaret: Thanks. Do you exercise
frequently?
 conversation: compliments and responses
(more to be found at Idiomatic Study)
 no wonder: adj./ adv. 难怪，不足为奇的。表达it is
not strange之意，是鉴于某种现实后的感慨 例句：
 No wonder you were late--you ate your breakfast so
slowly. 难怪你迟到——早饭吃得这么慢。
 It is no wonder (that) he‘ll sign the contract tomorrow.
他明天签约是不足为怪的。
 No wonder he didn't show up the other day when the
president had his party. “怪不得前天校长请客他没有来。
 例题：
——Brad was Jane’s brother!
——_____ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt
B. Above all
C. No wonder
D. Of course
 fit adj.健康的，健全的
feel fit 精神极好.
keep fit 保持健康.
Keep fit, study hard and work well. 身体好，学习好，工
作好。
 frequently adv.时常，往往，频繁地
Denis frequently attends business dinners. 丹尼斯常常
要出席工作晚餐。
Business frequently brings him to London.
他时常因事到伦敦去.
frequent adj. 频繁的 a frequent visitor 常客
v. 常去 Tourists frequent Beijing. 旅游者常到北京参观.
 Ann: How often do you go there?
 Margaret: I go there three times a week.
 Ann: No wonder you look so fit.
 Margaret: Thanks. Do you exercise




frequently?
安：你多久去那一次？
玛格丽特：我每周去三次。
安：难怪你看上去这么健康。
玛格丽特：多谢。你经常锻炼身体吗？
 Ann: Yes, I have my routine.
I jog three miles every
morning. It all depends on
the weather, really.
 Margaret: You should try
the gym. There’s a pool,
and a weight room with
brand-new equipment. You
can also take yoga, or
ballroom dancing classes, if
you are interested.
 I have my routine. I jog three miles every
morning. It all depends on the weather,
really.
routine n.常规；例行公事;
the day’s routine 日常工作，日课
a break from routine 从日常工作中脱身休息
The day's routine was almost invariable. 每日
的生活差不多没有变化的。
jog v. 慢跑，缓速前进
go jogging 慢跑
I jog every morning.
The carriage jogged up and down. 那辆旧公共
汽车颠颠簸簸地缓速行驶.
We must jog on somehow. 我们好歹总得设法
进行下去。 (jog on缓慢平稳地进行,稳步前进）
depend on 取决于，依赖
It depends on you. 这取决于你。
I can always depend on you. 我可以依赖你。
The powers and duties of many municipalities
depend on the size of their population. 许多市
政当局的权力和义务取决于其人口规模。
Our desired expenditures depend on our
national income. 我们所需的支出取决于我们的
国民收入。
 You should try the gym.
should表示建议
 There’s a pool, and a weight room with
brand-new equipment. You can also take
yoga, or ballroom dancing classes, if you
are interested.
weight room 举重训练室
brand-new equipment
brand-new: adj. 崭新的
look brand-new 焕然一新
shiny brand-new shoes 崭新锃亮的鞋子
He bought a brand-new car on installments. 他
以分期付款的方式买了一台崭新的小轿车。
yoga n. 瑜伽
练习瑜伽 take yoga
 Ann: Yes, I have my routine. I jog three miles
every morning. It all depends on the weather,
really.
 Margaret: You should try the gym. There’s a
pool, and a weight room with brand-new
equipment. You can also take yoga, or ballroom
dancing classes, if you are interested.
 安：是的，我定期锻炼，每天早上慢跑三英里。
其实都要看天气如何。
 玛格丽特：你应该去那个体育馆试试。那里有个
游泳池，还有一个设备全新的举重室。如果你有
兴趣，还可以上瑜伽课，或者交谊舞课。
 Ann: Ballroom dancing? That doesn’t sound
like much exercise at all!
 Margaret: That’s what I used to think. But
honestly, it’s one of the best
exercises I’ve found. It’s fun.
 Ann: I guess I just prefer
jogging because I’m not
a good dancer.
 That doesn’t sound like much exercise at all!
 sound v. 听起来，似乎，其后加表语（形容词，介词短
语，名词） e.g.
The music sounds beautiful.
It sounds like thunder.
Your idea sounds a good one.
 not… at all 一点也不，根本不，否定强调。e.g.
It is not cold at all. 一点儿也不冷。
I‘ m not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对现
状一点也不满足。
Even though we were friends, he acted like he didn‘t
know me at all. 尽管我们是朋友，他表现得好像根本不
认识我。
Father does not oppose the idea at all. 父亲丝毫不反对
这个想法。
not at all在口语中的用法
 用来回答感谢，意为：不用谢；不客气。如
A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。
A：Not at all. 不客气。
A：Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
B：Not at all. I enjoyed it. 别客气，很高兴能帮
你。
 用来回答带有感谢性质的客套话，意为：没
什么；哪里哪里。如：
 A：You are very kind. 你真好。
 B：Not at all. 没什么。
 A：It‘s very kind of you. 你真客气。
 B：Not at all. 哪里哪里。
 回答道歉，意为：没关系。如：
A：I‘m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。
B：Oh，not at all， do come in. 噢，没关系，
请进来。
A：I‘m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你
久等了。
B：Oh，not at all. I‘ve been here only a few
minutes. 哦，没关系，我也刚到几分钟。
 用来表示否定（是No的加强说法），意为：
一点也不；完全不。如：
 A：Are you busy？ 你忙吗？
 B：Not at all. 一点不忙。
 A：Is it difficult to study English？ 英语难学吗？
 B：Not at all.一点不难。
 That’s what I used to think.
used to do sth.意思是“过去常常做某事”，表
示过去经常做或一直做而现在不做，它只用于过
去时态。
肯定句式：主语＋used to＋动词原形……
例如：
I used to go to the cinema, but I never have
time now.我过去经常去看电影，但现在没有时间
了。
He used to listen to pop music but now he likes
rock music.他过去总听流行音乐，但现在喜欢摇
滚了。
 否定句式：
 A)主语＋did not use to＋动词原形……
 B)主语＋used not to＋动词原形……
 第一种否定句型，就是把used当做实义动词来看，
所以变否定句要用助动词did；第二种否定句是把
used当做情态动词，变否定句直接在used后面加
not即可，used not可以缩写成usedn‘t 或usen’t。美
式英语通常用A种形式，英式英语常用B种形式。例
如：
 You didn't use to drink.你过去不喝酒。
 The shop usedn't to open on Sundays. 过去这家商
店星期天不营业。
 一般疑问句式：
 A) Did＋主语＋use to＋动词原形……？
 B) Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形……？
 美式英语通常用A种形式，英式英语用B种形式。例
如：
 Did you use to go swimming in the river when you
were young?你小时候经常在河里游泳吗？
 Used he go to school by bike?他过去骑车上学吗？
 used to用于省略句时，肯定式保留to，否定
式不保留to。例如：
——Used you play basketball? 你过去常打篮球
吗？
——Yes, I used to. (No,I usedn't.) 是的，经常打。
(不，不常打。)
I don't write to him now, but I used to.我现在不
给他写信了，但过去经常写。
注意下面几个与used有关短语：
 be used to + 名词或动名词，意为”习惯于“。比如：I am
used to his presence now. 我已经习惯他在身边了。
 be used to +动词原形，意为“被用来……”。used 是use 的
过去分词。如： The knife can be used to cut meat. 刀能用
来切肉。
 be used for +名词或V-ing，意为“用于，被用来供……”，
for为介词，表“用途或目的”相当于be used to do
something。如： A stamp is used for sending letters. 邮票
用来寄信。
 be used as +名词，意为“被用来当作……”，as为介词，表
示“作为”。如： English is used as their first language.
英语被用作他们的第一语言。
 be used by sb. 如： These books can be used by the
students again. 这些书能够被学生们重新利用。
例题
 He _____________ live in England, but now he
lives in China.
A. is used to
C. is used for
B. used to
D. used for
 I think you will _____________ in the countryside.
A. be used for live
C. be used to live
B. be used for living
D. be used to living
 honestly adv.实在地;
Honestly, that`s all the books I have.
说实在地，我只有这些书.
I don’t mind, honestly. 老实说，我真的不在
意。
The dishonest, if they act honestly, get no
credit. 不老实的人，即使做了老实事，也
得不到信任。
 I guess I just prefer jogging because I’m not
a good dancer.
 prefer v. “更喜欢，宁愿”。 用法有：
prefer + 名词/动名词/不定式 例：I prefer some
apples. / I prefer having (to have) some apples.
我更喜欢吃苹果。
 prefer somebody to do something 宁愿某人做
某事 例：My daddy prefers me not to swim in
that river because it's too dangerous. 我爸爸宁
愿我不要去那条河里游泳因为那太危险了。
 prefer A to B 在 A 和 B 中更喜欢 A
例：I prefer green tea to coffee. 绿茶和咖啡比较起来我
更喜欢绿茶。 I prefer cooking myself to eating out. 我宁
愿自己做饭也不愿出去吃。
注意这个用法中肯定的是前者，A和B必须在形式上保持
一致，即要么都是名词，要么都是动名词。
 prefer to do something rather than ... 这个用法类似于
prefer A to B，不过rather than后面可以是不定式、名词、
动名词或动词原形。 例：I prefer to stay at home rather
than go out in the heavy rain. 我宁愿呆在家里也不想冒
这么大的雨出去。
 Ann: Ballroom dancing? That doesn’t sound like





much exercise at all!
Margaret: That’s what I used to think. But honestly,
it’s one of the best exercises I’ve found. It’s fun.
Ann: I guess I just prefer jogging because I’m not
a good dancer.
安：交谊舞？听起来一点儿都不像在搞锻炼。
玛格丽特：我以前也这么认为。不过老实说，这是
我所发现的最为有趣的锻炼项目之一。很有意思。
安：我想我还是宁愿慢跑，因为我不擅长跳舞。
 Margaret: See, that’s even more
reason to join! You should come
one day this week after class.
Dancing is a great way to
relieve stress. It’ll do you good.
Why not come and see for
yourself?
 Ann: You’ve done a hell of
sales job. I don’t see how I
can say no.
 See, that’s even more reason to join!
 see v. 瞧；注意
A: “I broke my leg”
B: “See! I told you it was dangerous!”（你看！我告诉你
那不是安全！）
A: "You are right, they lost again"
B: "See!"
 even修饰形容词,副词的比较级,以加强比较的语气和程度.
修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit,
much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather,
any等.在这些词中,其中no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定
两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少.
其他例子（比较级）
 The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比
那个稍大一点.
 He works still harder than ever. =He works harder
still than ever. 他比以往更加努力学习了.
 Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远
比以往好.
 在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副
词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.例如: He can't jump
any higher. 他不能跳得更高了. Can he jump any
higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗?
例题
 ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
 The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more
C. much
B. much more
D. more much
 If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at
school.
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
 Dancing is a great way to relieve stress. It’ll
do you good.
relieve: v.减轻(痛苦，忧愁等)；解除;
relieve a person from pain 使某人摆脱痛苦.
relieve pain 减轻痛苦，止痛.
relieve one’s mind 使摆脱忧愁.
stress n.重压；压力；紧迫;
in times of stress 在非常时期；危难之际.
driven by stress of hunger 为饥饿所迫.
Under the stress of bad weather the ship had to
return. 迫于恶劣的天气这艘船不得不返航.
do sb. good 对某人有好处
Have a good long cry: it will do you good. 痛痛
快快地哭一场吧, 哭出来就好受了.
a great way to relieve stress 动词不定式做定语
作定语的动词不定式，表示的行为通常是未来的行
为，总是放在它所修饰的名词或者代词之后． 如: I
have many books to read. 我有许多书要读。
 不定式作定语时，应注意使用不定式的正确形式。
请看下列句子：
 I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自
己)做。
 I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作
要(别人)做。
 Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东
西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
 Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么
东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动
式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所
修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动
式。
例题
 He is not an easy man ______.
 A. get on
 C. get on with
B. to get on
D. to get on with
 Are you going to attend the meeting ______
by the teaching office？
A. to hold
B. holding
C. to be held
D. is holding
 conversation skill: making a suggestion and
accepting a suggestion
Margaret: Why not come and see for
yourself?
Ann: You’ve done a hell of sales job. I don’t
see how I can say no.
 Why not come and see for yourself?
why not
see for oneself 亲自看
I‘ve taken a lot of photos, so you can see for
yourself what these places are like when I get
back. 我已经拍了很多相片，所以我回去后你就
可以亲自看到这些地方像什么样子了。
If you don' t believe that it' s snowing, go and
see for yourself ! 你要是不相信正在下雪, 你
去看看!
 You’ve done a hell of sales job. I don’t
see how I can say no.
a hell of (用来加重语气)相当，极恶劣的, 使人受
不了的
You‘ll talk about it a hell of a lot. 你们讲得天花乱
坠。
The pistol is still a hell of a good gun. 这支枪还相
当不错呢。
I‘m having a hell of a wild time demonstrating this
car. 为展示这种车子，把我搞得狼狈不堪
It'll take a hell of [a lot of] talking to settle
this. 这可是磨嘴皮子的事。
n. 销售
annual sales 年销售额
winter sales 冬季大甩卖，冬季大减价
bargain sales 廉价出售
sales
I don’t see … 我不明白……
I don't see why you need fire up when I admire
his riding. 我不明白我称赞他的骑术，你干吗要
发火。
I don't see the necessity of reading this book. 我
看不出读这本书的必要性。
 Margaret: See, that’s even more reason to join!
You should come one day this week after class.
Dancing is a great way to relieve stress. It’ll do you
good. Why not come and see for yourself?
 Ann: You’ve done a hell of sales job. I don’t see
how I can say no.
 玛格丽特：这样你更应该参加啦。这周哪天下课你
应该来看看。跳舞是舒缓压力的绝佳途径，对你有
好处。你干嘛不自己来看看呢？
 安：你的推销真有效，我实在没理由拒绝你的提议。
Idiomatic study: complementing
Expressing complements:
 That was a great workout!
 I really like your outfit.
 That was quite a class!
 I think … is superb/ fabulous/ good/
wonderful
Responses:
 Thanks.
 Thank you (for saying so).
 It’s nice of you to say/ think so.
 I’m glad you like it.
Text B
 Chinese Wushu
 中国武术
 Most visitors to China are deeply impressed
by the tremendous popularity of wushu in
this country. Going out early in the morning,
they can see people doing this traditional
form of exercise barehanded or with
weapons in parks and on roadside open
grounds. Marked by beauty and rhythm,
their movements follow set patterns that are
designed more for health-building than for
self defense.
 Most visitors to China are deeply impressed by the
tremendous popularity of wushu in this country.
 impress:使铭记, 印入心中; 使得深刻印象
be deeply impressed by (with)对…留下深刻印象
impress sth. in [on] one‘s memory 使...铭记在心
He impressed me as a man of considerable depth of
feeling. 他在我的印象中是一个有相当深邃感情的人。
We could not help being impressed by the majesty of
the mountains. 山的宏伟气魄不禁使我们深受感触。
Our teacher impressed us with the importance of
diligence and economy. 老师要我们牢牢记住勤奋节俭的
重要性。
 tremendous adj. 巨大的，惊人的
e.g. a tremendous house 巨大的房子
tremendous applause 暴风雨般的掌声
encounter tremendous obstacles 遭遇巨大的障碍
Last month saw a tremendous boost in sales. 上个月
的销售额激增
 popularity n.流行; 普及
spread with increasing popularity worldwide 在全世界
日趋流行
Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my
country. 高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。
This song has gained new meaning and popularity
since the terrorist attacks on the United States,
September 11th, 2001. 这首歌在2001年美国遭受
“9?11”恐怖袭击后有了新的含义而重新流行起来。
 Going out early in the morning, they can see
people doing this traditional form of exercise
barehanded or with weapons in parks and on
roadside open grounds.
 代词they 代替上文出现的most visitors
 see people doing … 现在分词做宾语补足语
现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为：主语+
谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别
注意：句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，
并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足
语。
 感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动
作正在进行。例如：
He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。
I heard a bell ringing.我听见铃在响。
 使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。
例如：
His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
The arrival of the police sent the robbers running away
quickly.警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜。
 上述两种结构可变为被动形式。例如：
He was found lying on the floor.有人发现他躺在地上。
He was seen sitting in a café.有人看见他坐在一家咖啡馆里。
The papers were left lying around.文件散落了一地。
比较：过去分词做宾语补足语
 过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。
 He watched the TV set carried out of the room. 他看到电视
机被搬到屋子外面了。
 When you speak English, be sure to make yourself
understood. 当你说英语时，你要确定让别人明白。
例题
 The next morning she found the man ___ in
bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
 Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to
see the washing machine she had
had ________ went wrong again.
 A. it
B. it repaired
 C. repaired
D. to be repaired
form: n. 形式，方式
unity of content and form 内容和形式的统一
This is an experimental form of teaching. 这是
一种实验性的教学形式。
barehanded adj./ adv. 赤手空拳的
(bare+handed)
fight barehanded 赤手空拳地搏斗
The police ordered the men to come out
barehanded. 警察命令那个男人空手出来。
 weapon n. 武器，兵器，斗争手段
nuclear weapon 核武器
conventional weapons 常规武器
a double-edged weapon 双刃武器; [转]能伤害对方也能伤
害自己的手段或论点
 roadside n. 路旁
Staggering along, the drunkard plumped against a tree
on the roadside.
那个醉汉东一斜西一歪，猛地撞到了路边的树上。
The car stopped at the roadside and put down a young
couple.
车停在路边，一对年轻伴侣从车上下来。
 open ground 露天空地
四野茫茫，寂静无声All is quiet on the vast
expanse of open ground.
There , I found open ground without trees . 那
儿，我发现一片没有树木的开阔地。
The deer broke cover and ran across the open
ground.
鹿从隐藏处突然出来，跑着穿过开阔地。
 Marked by beauty and rhythm, their
movements follow set patterns that are
designed more for health-building than for
self defense.
mark： vt. 做标记，标志
These five years were marked by very
considerable recovery at home. 在这五年期间，
国内的复兴有了可观的成绩。
His writings are marked by a gentle
humor. 他的作品的特点是有点幽默。
 rhythm n. 节奏
a combination of brevity, clarity, and rhythm. 既简洁清
楚又有节奏感的配合
I can‘ t dance to music without a good rhythm. 没有好
的节奏我不能跟着音乐跳舞。
Stress and rhythm are important in speaking
English. 说英语时, 重音和节奏是很重要的.
 movement n. 运动
a sudden movement 突然行动
a movement against … 反对……的运动
women’s liberation movement 妇女解放运动
The movement is fully under way. 运动已经全面铺
开。
set patterns that are designed more for health-
building than for self defense 定语从句
set adj.固定的, 老套的
a set phrase 固定词组
set ideas about politics 在政治问题上的固定看
法.
 pattern n. 式样, 格调, 模式
pattern of city layout 城市布局形式
fashion a pattern 设计一个样式
health-building 强身健体
self defense 自我防卫
more for health-building than for self defense 与
其说为自卫，不如说为强身健体
more A than B 结构用来比较两种说法的正确程
度，即前一种说法（A项）比后一种说法（B项）
要正确一些，表示“与其……不如……”。在这个
句型里，more 后不能用形容词或副词的比较级
形式，而要用原级形式，此外还可用名词、代词、
动词、介词短语等。 例如： It is more a poem
than a picture. 与其说这是一幅画，不如说这是
一首诗。
more than的其他用法
 more than 结构后跟名词表示“不只是”；
“不仅仅”等。例如：
 However, we must consider more than the
beginning of the motion. 然而，我们必须考虑的
不只是运动的初始阶段。
Peace is more than the absence of war. 和平不
只是意味着没有战争。
 more than 用来修饰形容词、分词和动词，
表示所修饰的词份量不重或含义不够，而加
以说明，译成汉语可为“非常”，相当于
“very”或“much”。例如：
He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。
He is more than happy about it. 他对此事极为高
兴。
I am sure conditions over there will more than
satisfy your requirements. 我相信那边的条件会
极大地满足你的要求。
 more than 后接单数名词，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
 More than one person has been concerned in
this. 这里涉及的不止是一个人。
 More than one member protested against the
proposal. 不止一个成员反对这个建议。
 more than 或 more... than 后接从句，可表示
否定意义。例如：
 The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words
can describe. 杭州景色之美是说言所不能描述的。
 That is more than I can tell you,sir. 这一点我是
不能告诉你的，先生。
注意：在这种句型中，more than 后常接含有
can 或 could 的从句，表示“……不能”。
 对于下列表示否定意义的句子，有的语法学家认为
在 than 后面省掉了 it，也有的认为 than 用作关系
代词，因而并无省略。
 这类句子在理解上并不困难，结构上变化也不大，
可将其视为一种句型来学习。例如：
 You spent more money than was intended to be spent.
你花掉的钱比原计划的要多。
 This is more money than is needed. 这笔钱比需要的多。
 We often advise him not to drink more wine than is
good for his health. 我经常建议他不要饮酒太多，以免有
害健康。
 more than 结构可以由 far，much，a little，
slightly，hardly，nothing，no 等词修饰，一
般置于 more than 结构前。例如：
 This little man was hardly more than one meter
fifty tall. 这个小个子男人身高仅1.5米。
 She could have thought of nothing more likely
to please her brother than this praise of Maggie.
她本该想到没有比赞扬玛琪更能使她哥哥高兴的
了。
分词作状语
 Marked by… 以……为标志（特征），过去分词做状语
 对比：现在分词 vs 过去分词 做状语：现在分词作
状语和句子的主语之间是主动关系，过去分词作状
语和句子的主语之间是被动关系．比较：
 Followed by the students, the teacher walked into
the classroom.
 Following the teacher, the students came to a
library.
翻译
 大多数来访中国的游客都对该国普及武术的
广泛性留下了深刻的印象。如果清早出门，
他们会看到人们在公园或路边露天练习这种
传统的运动方式，或赤手空拳，或携带器械。
其运动以美和节奏为特点，具有固定的套路，
这些套路与其说是为了自我防卫，不如说是
为了强身健体。
 Wushu, which literally means "martial arts"
and is sometimes called "kungfu" abroad,
may be traced back to pre-historical times
when our ancestors had to fight against wild
animals and among themselves for
existence and subsistence. Wushu is a very
important aspect that represents the spirit of
Chinese culture and art. According to the
philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine,
wushu exercises consist of both "external"
and "internal" work, the former meaning
movements of the body, the hands and the
feet and expressions of the eyes, and the
latter being related to "the spirit, willpower,
vital energy and strength." The two aspects
are combined as movements are guided by
consciousness so as to achieve "a unity of
body and mind."
 Wushu, which literally means "martial arts" and is
sometimes called "kungfu" abroad, may be traced
back to pre-historical times when our ancestors
had to fight against wild animals and among
themselves for existence and subsistence.
 结构分析:
 基本结构Wushu… may be traced back to …
 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰Wushu，从句中两个谓
语mans+ is called
 when引导限制性定语从句修饰pre-historical times，从句
中fight后against与among两个并列成分。
限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
 限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关
系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系
副词when, where等，没有明显的逗号把从句与主
语分开，表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。
例句：
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the
meeting?
Where is the book which I bought this morning?
 非限制性定语从句：
作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释，和先
行词之间只有比较松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号将其
与主句分开，用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只
是不能用that做修饰词。
例句：
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
English is an important subject, which every students
should study well.
The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school.
 从形式上看，限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连，
两者没有停顿；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有
逗号隔开。从意义上讲，限制性定语从句用来修饰
先行词，两者密不可分；而非限制性定语从句仅仅
对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，两者关系不那么紧
密。由于两种定语从句存在着这些区别，一般来说，
限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其
后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的
并列从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
 翻译时对定语从句处理举例：
限制性定语从句译成前置定语
These neighborhoods frequently recreate much of
the culture and the values of the nationality that
makes up the majority of the population.
这些居民区经常再现构成大多数居民的大量民族文
化和价值观念。
非限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句
In almost all developing countries, economic
development depends upon growth in export trade,
which in turn creates jobs and raises living
standards.
几乎所有的发展中国家经济的发展都依赖于出口贸
易的增长，而出口的增长又有助于创造更多的就业
机会和提高人民的生活水平。
 有时候因为意思上的关系，或者出于汉语句子结构上的
考虑，要把限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句，而把
非限制性定语从句译成前置定语。
限制性定语从句译成后置的并列从句
Each team plays ten or eleven games each season
which begins in September and ends in November.
每个队每赛季参加十到十一场比赛，每个赛季九月份
开始，十一月份结束。
非限制性定语从句译成前置定语
He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for
his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long
since out of date, were covered with dust.
他好象是散步之后回家去，因为他那早已过时的扣鞋
上布满了灰尘。
 有的定语从句，从意义上看实际相当于一个状语从句，
表示原因，目的，结果，让步等关系。这样的定语从句
应译出汉语的偏正复句，但是要加上相应的连接词以表
明其与主句的关系。
Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to
developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community,
which are so instrumental to the maintenance of
peace and security in our part of the world.
挪威自然十分关切欧洲和大西洋国家的发展，因为这些
发展大大有助于维护世界上我们这一地区的和平和安全
例题
 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句
She heard the terrible noise, ________ brought
her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
 除which外，还可用when，where，whose，whom
等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与
它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,
________ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his
stepmother, ______ he loved as his own mother.
A. whom B. that C. which D. 不填
 非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代
前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。如：
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in
the play, of course, ________made the others
unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this
D. what
 引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异：从句
置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而
置于句末时，两者都可以使用。 如：
________ is known to everybody, the moon
travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
 Wushu, which literally means "martial arts“…
 literally adv.从字面上；完全按照字面含义地；逐字地;
translate literally 直译；逐字翻译.
I took what he said literally. 我从字面上领会了他说话的
意思.
 martial adv.尚武的;
show a martial spirit 表现尚武精神.
martial art 武术.
 非限制性定语从句
 may be traced back to pre-historical times
trace: v.追溯；探索;
trace a custom to its source 探索风俗的来源.
His family can trace its history back to the 10th
century. 他的家史可一直追溯到十世纪.
trace … back to… 追溯回……
pre-historical：adj. 史前的
pre-前缀表示“……前的，预先”，比如：
preschool 学龄前的
 … when our ancestors had to fight against
wild animals and among themselves for
existence and subsistence
限制性定语从句
ancestor n. 祖先，前身
man's remote ancestor 人类的远祖.
common ancestor 共同的祖先.
the direct ancestor of the present factory 该工厂
的前身.
 existence n.存在；生存 （动词exist）
The tree owes its existence to soil. 树木依赖泥土生存。
Throughout most of the 2 million years of human
existence on earth, humanity's numbers have been few.
人类生存在地球上已有200万年的历史了，其中大部分时
间地球上的人的数量少得可怜。
 subsistence n. 生存, 存在;生活费用; 衣食, 给养
bare subsistence 最低限度的生活费; 最低生产
labor for subsistence 做工过日子
在中国，维护人民的生存权利，改善人民的生存条件，
至今仍然是一个首要问题 To protect the people's right to
subsistence and improve their living conditions remains
an issue of paramount importance in China today.
 Wushu is a very important aspect that
represents the spirit of Chinese culture and
art.
结构: 定语从句
aspect: 方面
the main (secondary) aspects of a matter
事情的主要(次要)方面.
various aspects of life
生活的各个方面.
represent: v. 代表
The foreign ministers will represent their
governments at the conference.
各国部长将代表他们的政府出席会议.
三个代表 The ""Three Represent's
表现；描写；描绘；描述;
This painting represents a storm at sea.
这幅画描绘了海上的暴风雨.
 According to the philosophy of traditional Chinese
medicine, wushu exercises consist of both
"external" and "internal" work, the former meaning
movements of the body, the hands and the feet
and expressions of the eyes, and the latter being
related to "the spirit, willpower, vital energy and
strength.“
 结构: according to引导状语,主语wushu exercises, 谓语
consist of,宾语both “external” and “internal” work,后面
the former 和the latter分别补充说明“external” and
“internal” work.
 according to:按照,根据
Cut the dress according to the figure． 量体
裁衣
 Philosophy n. 哲学,基本原理
the philosophy of history
历史哲理.
a philosophy of life (living)
人生观(处世哲学).
 traditional Chinese medicine 中医
 consist of 由...组成，由...构成;
The committee consists of seven members.
委员会由七人组成.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
水由氢和氧组成.
 external adj. 外的；外部的；外表的；表面的;
an external cause 外因.
the external signs of a disease 疾病的表面症状.
 internal adj.内，内部的; 体内的
the internal relations of things 事物的内在联系.
an internal medicine 内服药.
He suffered internal injuries in the accident.
他在这次事故中受了内伤.
 the former meaning movements of the body,
the hands and the feet and expressions of
the eyes, and the latter being related to "the
spirit, willpower, vital energy and strength.“
独立主格结构
独立主格结构
 独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者
代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前
后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中
做状语，多用于书面语。
 常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词
之间主谓关系。如：
 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he
didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什
么好。
 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去
分词之间的动宾关系。如：
The problems solved (= As the problems were
solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题
的解决，质量已经提高了。
 3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式
之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
如：
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home,
the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个
回了家，一个去了书店。
 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
So many people absent, the meeting had to be
called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，
他们就都回家了。
 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards
the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
 7. There being +名词（代词）如：
There being no further business, I declare
the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，
我宣布散会。
 8. It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices
were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关
都休息。
独立主格结构的特点
 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独
立存在。
 名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，
介词等是主谓关系。
 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
 例题
Not far from the school there was a garden,
_________ owner seated in it playing chess with
his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its
B. whose C. which
D. that
 He wrote a lot of novels, many of _______
translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them C. this
D. that
 There I met several people jogging, two of
_________ with a dog.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
 the former meaning movements of the body, the
hands and the feet and expressions of the eyes,
and the latter being related to "the spirit, willpower,
vital energy and strength.“
 the former 前者;
Of the two men, I prefer the former.这两个人当中我喜欢
前一个.
I prefer the former alternative to the latter.
我愿选择前者.
 the latter 后者
Of the two, the latter is far better than the former.
两者中后者比前者好多了.
related to 相关 ,有关
We should continue to do well the work related
to retired cadres. 继续做好离退休干部工作。
willpower n.意志力,毅力
Your success lies on your willpower. 你的成功取
出于你的毅力。
vital adj. 活的；生命的，生机的
vital energies 生命力，活力.
the vital force (principle) 生命力，生机.
vital power (维持生命的)活力.
energy n.精力；活力；劲头;
He had so much energy that he did the work of
three men. 他精力充沛，一个人干了三个人的活.
He’s full of energy.他精力旺盛.
 The two aspects are combined as
movements are guided by consciousness so
as to achieve "a unity of body and mind."
结构: as引导方式状语从句
Consciousness n.意识，知觉，自觉，觉悟;
have no consciousness 没有知觉.
lose (recover,regain) one`s consciousness 失去
(恢复)知觉.
so as to= in order to 以便于
The test questions are kept secret, so as to
prevent cheating.
试题必须保密,以防作弊。
unity n. 统一，一致；完整，整体; 团结
national unity 国家的统一；举国一致.
spoil the unity 破坏统一.
the great unity of the peoples of the world
全世界各民族大团结.
live together in unity 和睦相处.
翻译
 武术字面的意思是“武士之艺术”，有时在
国外被称为“功夫”，其历史可追溯至史前
时代，当时我们的祖先不得不为了生存与野
生动物和其他人类进行抗争。武术是代表中
国文化艺术精髓的一个重要方面。根据中医
的理论，武术锻炼由“外部”和“内部”的
修为组成，前者意为身体、手足和眼神的运
动，后者与“精神、意志力、活力和力量”
相关。在意识引导下进行运动，以获得“身
体和精神的统一”，从而将这两个方面合二
为一。
 Wushu is very rich in form and content,
encompassing hundreds of styles and
thousands of routines, each with its own
distinctive features. Changquang (LongRange Shadow Boxing) is characterized by
speed and vigor, while taijiquan is noted for
its slow and gentle movements. One
category of wushu forms is called
 xiangxingquan, which portrays the
movements and postures of various animals,
as exemplified by houquan (Monkey's
Shadow boxing) and tanglangquan (Mantis'
Shadow Boxing). Then there is the
humorous zuiquan that describes a
drunkard who is "drunk in appearance but
not in mind" and is sober enough to outwit
his opponent.
 Wushu is very rich in form and content,
encompassing hundreds of styles and
thousands of routines, each with its own
distinctive features.
结构分析：encompassing现在分词做状语，
each with its own distinctive features为独立主格
结构。
vocabulary
 rich in ...富有……
rich in oil resources 石油资源丰富
Pork is rich in vitamin B1. 猪肉里含有丰富的维生素B1.
 form n. 形式
 content n. 内容
rich in form 形式多样 rich in content 内容丰富
例句：
The dramatic form fits perfectly the content of the
Shakespearian play. 莎士比亚戏剧的形式完全适合表达
其内容的需要。
His articles are fixed in form and monotonous in
content. 他的文章千篇一律, 一个调调儿。
encompass v. 包含，包括
The course will encompass physics, chemistry
and biology. 课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。
The general art course at the university
encompass a wide range of subjects. 大学文科
包括的科目范围很广。
No single document could encompass all the
shades of interpretation. 但任何一项文件也不
可能把各种细微的解释全部包括进去。
 routine n. 固定动作，固定舞步
an entertainment routine 常规娱乐节目
Wushu Routine Training 武术套路训练
the layout of the routine 套路编排
 distinctive adj.有特色的；与众不同的；醒目的;
a distinctive badge 醒目的徽章.
a distinctive uniform 特殊的制服.
It is a unique life-style, a unique and distinctive place to
live. 这是一种非同凡响的生活方式，是一个超群出俗的
居住之处。
 feature n. 特征，特点
distinctive features显著的特征
 Changquang (Long-Range Shadow Boxing)
is characterized by speed and vigor, while
taijiquan is noted for its slow and gentle
movements.
 结构：while引导两个对比的句子，其中is
characterized by 与 is noted for都为被动语
态。
 long-range adj. 远程的，长距离的
a long-range view of things 长远观点
long-range forces 远程部队
long-range weather forecasts 长期天气预报
We must plan a program covering our immediate
and our long-range needs. 我们必须做出一个为
目前以及为长期需要打算的计划。
 shadow n.阴影，荫影；影子;
the shadow of a man 人影.
throw a shadow on the lake 在湖上投下影子
 boxing n. 拳术,拳击
 Long-Range Shadow Boxing 长拳
 be characterized by 以……为特征
 characterize: v.成为...的特性
The incessant demand for change characterize our
time. 不断地要求变革概括了我们时代的特征。
The world situation is characterized by turbulence and
intranquility. 世界局势动荡不安。
This system is characterized by individual
freedom. 这个制度的特征是个人自由。
 vigor: n. 活力，精力
full of vigor 精力充沛
a man of great vigor 精力充沛的人
This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called
ageing. 这种随着时间的流逝而精力衰退的现象我们称为
衰老。
形容词 vigorous 有活力的，精力充沛的
 be noted for 以……闻名，因……著名
an athlete noted for accurate aim. 因准确射击而
著名的运动员
That hotel is noted for its fine service. 那家旅馆以
服务优良著称。
 其他表示“著名”的表达：be famous for, be known as,
well-known, reputable
 gentle adj. 温和的，文雅的
a gentle voice 温柔的声音
a gentle wind 柔和的风
Mothers are gentle with their babies.
儿总是温柔体贴的。
母亲对婴
 One category of wushu forms is called
xiangxingquan, which portrays the movements
and postures of various animals, as exemplified by
houquan (Monkey's Shadow boxing) and
tanglangquan (Mantis' Shadow Boxing).
 结构：One category … is called…为主句；后面是
which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中有并列谓
语portrays和postures；最后是as引导的定语从句，
从句中省略了is。
as引导定语从句
 as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：
 the same…as
 as…as
 such…as
 so…as
 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做
关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。例句：
 It’s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday .
我们昨天要找的是同一个人。
 Such girls as he knows are good at English .
他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。
 as引导非限制性定语从句
 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从
句可置于句首，句中或句尾 例句：
 As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country
with a long history . 每个人都知道，中国是一个有
着悠久历史的美丽国家。
 The earth , as we know , moves round the sun . 地
球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。
 Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as
we all know. 汤姆工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一
点我们都知道。
 非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常
用as做主语，例如be said /known
/announced /reported /mentioned/ expected/
discussed。 例句：
 Grammar , as has been said before, is not a
set of dead rules. 语法，就像以前所说，不
是一套死规则。
 As is known to all , Tibet is part of China .众
所周知，西藏是中国的一部分。
例题
 The British are not so familiar with different
cultures and other ways of doing things, ____is
often the case in other country.
 A. what
B. as
C. so
D. it
 ___is well-known , China is rich in natural
resources.
A. what
B. as
C. so
D. it
比较：
 ___ is well-known that China is rich in natural
resources.
 A. what
B. as
C. so
D. it
vocabulary
category n. 种类，类别，范畴
arrange them under categories 给它们分门别类.
place in a category 分门别类；列入目录中.
But not all work freaks fall into that category. 但
是并非所有喜欢工作的人都属于那一类人。
portray v. 描绘，刻画
It is difficult to portray feelings in words.
感情很难用言语来描写。
Dickens portrays his characters to the life.
狄更斯描写人物栩栩如生.
 posture 做名词，表示“姿态、态度”，例如：
adopt a pro-Arab posture 采取亲阿拉伯的态度
The neutral posture was maintained by America until
the end of April. 直到4月底以前，美国始终采取中立姿
态。
 exemplify v.举例证明[说明]; 示范; 作...的范例
to exemplify what I mean 为举例说明我的意思
exemplify a theory 举例证明一个理论
Our ideas about right and wrong are exemplified in the
laws 我们对是与非的看法都是通过法律的形式反映出来
的。
 Then there is the humorous zuiquan that
describes a drunkard who is "drunk in
appearance but not in mind" and is sober
enough to outwit his opponent.
 结构：there be句型为主句，that引导定语从
句修饰zuiquan，定语从句中又包含who引导
的定语从句修饰drunkard，其中两个is引导系
表结构做谓语。
vocabulary
 humorous adj. 幽默的 （humor名词）
a humorous remark 幽默的话
a humorous character in a play 剧中的滑稽角色.
 describe v.描写(人物等)；描述(战况等);
describe a scene 描绘情景.
Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 此
景之美非笔墨所能形容.
Please describe what you saw. 请把你的见闻描述
一下.
名词description, 形容词descriptive
 drunkard n. 醉汉，酒鬼
We chanced upon a drunkard 我们无意中遇到一个
醉汉。
The author portrayed/ described his father as a
vicious drunkard 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的
酒鬼。
drunk：adj. 喝醉的
 appearance n.外表，外观，观瞻;
one's personal appearance
仪表，丰采.
Don't judge a person by his appearance only.
不要仅从外表来判断一个人.
 sober enough to outwit his opponent.
 sober adj. 清醒的
as sober as a judge 十分清醒
He was not sober at the time of the car accident.
车祸发生时他并不清醒.
He seldom goes to bed sober. 他难得没喝醉上床。
 outwit vt. 以智取胜 (out+wit智慧)
尔虞我诈each trying to cheat and outwit the other
How shall I outwit you this time? 这次我该怎样智胜你？
outwit an opponent in chess 智取下棋的对手
out-前缀表示“超过”，比如outweigh（胜过），outdo
（超越），outbalance（重于），outvalue（更有价值）。
opponent n. 对手，敌手，反对者
to defeat/ crush an opponent 战胜对手
Understand your opponent before you answer
him． 了解对方的论点之后再反驳。
enough的用法：基本意思是“充分的，足够的”，
既可作形容词、副词用，也可作代词用。但是，
当它以不同的面貌出现时，其结构和位置发生变
化。
本句为enough做副词，修饰形容词sober。
enough用法
 enough作副词
 修饰形容词和副词，且必须放在它们之后，如：
This room is large enough for us to sleep. 这个房间足够大，
我们可以睡.(不可说enough large)
He knows the situation well enough. 他对情况了解得非常
清楚。（不可说enough well”）
never do … enough
中表示“无论怎么做都不为过”，如：
I can never thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。
He is such a good engineer that we can not praise him
enough. 他是个很好的工程师，我们再称赞他也不为过。
 修饰动词。常用于句型Can’t/can
 enough作名词、代词，意思是"足够;充分"。作代词可以代
替可数名词或不可数名词，在句中作主语或宾语。如：
1. Enough has been said on this subject. 关于这一问题说
得已经足够多的了。
2. No, thanks. I've had enough. 不，谢谢。我已吃饱了。
(enough=enough food)
【注意】当enough后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、
指示代词或其本身就是代词时，要用介词of。如：
We've had enough of your coldness. 我们已经受够了你的
冷漠。
 enough作形容词，意思是"足够的;充分的"，常与for
或不定式连用，可以作定语或表语。作定语置于被
修饰的名词前后均可，前置时强调enough，后置时
强调被修饰词。如：
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest.
Five men will be quite enough. 五个人就足够了。
例题

-Mum, I think I'm ________ to get back to school.
-Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another
day or two.
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
 If I had ________, I'd visit Europe stopping at all the small i
nteresting places.
A. a long enough holiday
C. a holiday enough long
B. an enough long holiday
D. a long holiday enough
翻译
 武术的形式和内容非常丰富，包括数百种风
格和数千种套路，每一种都有其自己独特的
特征。长拳以速度和活力为特点，而太极拳
则以其缓慢优雅的运动著称。武术形式的一
个种类被称为象形拳，描绘各种动物的运动
和姿态，比如猴拳和螳螂拳。另外还有幽默
的醉拳，刻画这样一个醉汉形象：“醉在外
表而非内心”，头脑之清醒足以击败对手。
 As wushu is becoming worldwide popular,
it’s a common wish of all Chinese people to
watch wushu competitions at the Beijing
Olympic Games. In 2008 Olympic games,
wushu is not an official event nor a
performing event, but wushu is allowed to
hold an international competition under
Olympic Organizing Committee's permission.
 As wushu is becoming worldwide popular,
it’s a common wish of all Chinese people to
watch wushu competitions at the Beijing
Olympic Games.
 结构：句子基本结构为it’s a common wish
of … to …，as在此表示“随着”，引导状语
从句。
as引导状语从句
 as表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，多
强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生，从句可
放在主句前，也可放在主句后。例如：
As I waited at the stop， I heard a big noise. 当我
在车站等车的时候，我听到一个很大的声响。
She rose up as he entered. 当他进来时，她站
了起来。
 as表示“因为”、“由于”，引导原因状语从句，
其语气不如because强，通常为附加说明的理由，
且是已知晓的原因，主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果
关系。例如：
As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身
体不好，所以我独自到那里去了。
As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this mat
erial. 由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布
料。
 as表示“虽然……但是……”，引导让步状语从句，
从句通常用倒装语序，把从句的表语、状语或动词
原形放在as前面，可以用though替代。例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，
但他知道的东西很多。
Hard as it was raining， they went on working in th
e field. 虽然天下大雨，但他们继续在田地里干活。
 as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”，引导方式状
语从句，从句置于主句之后。例如：
You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当
依照老师所说的去做。
The absence of air also explains why the stars do
not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the e
arth. 空气的不存在，也说明了为什么在空中星星看
来并不闪烁，而不像从地球上看的那样。
 as表示“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句，对主
句和从句的动作或状态加以比较，说明它们之间有
相似之处，在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例
如：
He doesn't work as hard as I (do). 他不像我工
作那样努力。
I hope the necklace was as good as the one you le
nt me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。
vocabulary
 worldwide adj./ adv. 全世界
 a common wish 共同的愿望
 common: adj. 共同的
common friends 共同的朋友
a class of individuals with common characteristics 具有共同特征的一
群个体
We are knitted together by common interests. 我们由共同利益结合
在一起。
 competition n. 竞争，比赛
swimming competition 游泳比赛
a keen competition with sb for sth 同某人为某事的激烈竞争.
 the Beijing Olympic Games
北京奥运会
 The 2008 Summer
Olympics, officially known
as the Games of the XXIX
Olympiad, were a major
international multi-sport
event that took place in
Beijing, China, from August
8 to August 24, 2008.
 In 2008 Olympic games, wushu is not an
official event nor a performing event, but
wushu is allowed to hold an international
competition under Olympic Organizing
Committee’s permission.
 结构：本句包含but引导的两个并列分句，前
一个句子中有not… nor的结构，后一个句子
是被动语态。
nor用法
 和neither连用。
He is neither able nor willing to go.
It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.
There is neither river nor stream nearby.
Neither gold nor silver can buy it.
 和not/never连用。nor后接句子，句子要主
谓倒装。
He can not find anyone now, nor does he
expect to find anyone in the future.
He does not do it, nor does he try.
She can not get there at four, nor can I.
Jane will never compromise with Bill, nor will
Bill compromise with Jane.
 和not/never连用。nor后接动词短语，nor可换用
or。
 He will not permit change, nor(or) even consider.
 后接名词短语/形容词短语/副词短语，一般只用or。
 He has no experience or interest in Chemistry.
 He is not a philosophy or a statesman.
 We are not rich or happy.
例题
 -- Do you know who got the first prize in
yesterday’s speaking contest?
--I don’t know, __________.
A. nor I care
B. neither am I
C. I don’t care
D. nor do I care
 Neither you nor she ________hard at
English.
A． work
B． works
C． are working
D． to work
 not an official event nor a performing event
 official: adj. 正式的，官方的
an official statement 正式声明.
The news is not official. 这个消息不是官方的.
 performing: adj. 表演的
performing arts 表演艺术
performing arts circles 演艺界
 event: n. 比赛项目
an official event 正式项目
a performing event 表演项目
 under Olympic Organizing Committee’s permission.
 do sth. under one’s permission 得到某人允许做某事，在
某人许可下做某事
 permission n. 允许 (permit为动词）
ask for permission 请求许可.
with your permission 在你许可的情况下.
without permission 未经许可.
I gave him permission to do it.我许可他做这件事.
By whose permission did you enter this building？ 谁准
许你进入这幢楼的？
Olympic Organizing Committee 奥组委
 The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic
Games, or BOCOG, also known as the Beijing
Organizing Committee, is an informal name for the
Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of
the XXIX Olympiad.
翻译
 随着武术在全世界范围普及开来，所有中国
人都希望能够在北京奥运会上看到武术比赛。
2008年奥运会上，武术既非正式项目，亦非
表演项目，但是能够在奥委会许可下开展一
次国际性武术比赛。
Comprehension Questions
1. We can learn from paragraph 1 that
___________________.
A. wushu is the most popular sport in China
B. wushu must be executed with weapons
C. the major reason of practicing wushu is to
stay healthy
D. the only purpose of practicing wushu is to
fight against attackers
2. Wushu originates from _____________.
A. people’s desire to survive in ancient times
B. traditional Chinese philosophy
C. traditional Chinese medicine
D. ancient people’s hunting activities at
leisure
3. The best explanation of “encompassing” in
Line 1, Paragraph 3 is ___________.
A. surrounding
B. including
C. achieving
D. containing
4. Which of the following sums up the main
A.
B.
C.
D.
idea of paragraph 3?
To explain how to do wushu with different
features.
To compare the benefits of different types
of wushu.
To describe the movements and postures
of xiangxingquan.
To introduce the variety of wushu in form
and content.
5. In 2008 Olympic games, _____________.
A. Olympic Organizing Committee has
recognized wushu as a formal event
B. wushu is allowed to be presented to
audience as a performing event
C. wushu has achieved a worldwide
popularity as anticipated by all Chinese
people
D. Olympic Organizing Committee has
permitted an international wushu
competition
Exercises
 I. Conversation
 Choose the right answer to finish the
following conversation.
1. — How often do you go dancing?
 — _________.
 A. I will go dancing tomorrow.
 B. Yesterday.
 C. Every other day.
 D. I’ve been dancing for a year.
2. — Congratulations! You’ve won the first
prize in today’s speech contest.
 — _________________.
 A. Yes, I beat the others.
 B. No, no, I didn’t do it well.
 C. Thank you.
 D. It’s a pleasure.
3. — Wow! This is a marvelous room! I never
knew you are so artistic.
 — ___________________.
 A. Great, I am very art-conscious.
 B. Don’t mention it.
 C. Thanks for your compliments.
 D. It’s fine.
4. — You’ve changed your hairstyle! I like the
way you look now.
 — _____________________.
 A. Thanks.
 B. How come?
 C. Why not?
 D. Not at all.
5. — The conference is marvelous! You did a
great job on the presentation.
 — _________________________.
 A. Are you sure?
 B. Thank you for saying so.
 C. I worked very hard on it.
 D. Are you kidding?
II. Reading Comprehension
 In the past 10 years, America’s National
Basketball Association (NBA) has grown
increasingly dependent on the rest of the
world to supply players.
When Michael Jordan and Larry Bird
won gold in Barcelona in 1992, the
Americans were praised for teaching the
world how to play basketball. This season,
however, 20 percent of NBA rosters (花名
册) will be filled by non-Americans. NBA
commissioner David Stern happily
embraces the trend. On a visit to Paris in
October, Stern outlined his vision for the
future, which is likely to see Europe
hosting NBA games by 2010.
The NBA is now planning to take China
by storm.
“Our experience in China has been
that it is going to be explosive in its
growth,” said Stern. The strategy in China
is TV. “We’ve made 14 deals in China with
local and national networks on cable and
satellite.” The success Chinese centre Yao
Ming has paved the way for the NBA
marketing blitz in China.
The NBA, which is broadcasted in more
than 200 countries in 42 languages, will put
that to the test in October 2004 when the
Houston Rockets play two pre-season
games against the Sacramento Kings in
Beijing market to compensate for tough
times on home soil.
“It doesn’t matter where the players come
from, all the NBA teams now know that they
have to scout (寻找) internationally,” said Terry
Lyons, the NBA’s vice-president of international
public relations. “It has increased the level of
competition here.” As Frenchman Tony Parker
and Argentine Emanuel Ginobili showed in
winning championship rings with the San
Antonio Spurs last season, many people can
earn the respect of their America peers.
Others, such as Houston Rockets’ Chinese
centre Yao Ming—No.1 draft pick in 2002—
and the Detroit Pistons’ 18-year-old Serb
Darko Milicic—number two overall in this
year’s draft—are icons (偶像) in waiting. It is
the ultimate (根本的) revolution—the rest of
the world teaching the US how to play
basketball.
1. According to the report, ______________.
 A. Michael Jordan is still playing a very
important role in NBA
 B. the part played by the foreign players in
NBA will be great
 C. NBA offers courses to the world about
playing basketball
 D. Paris will host the 2010 NBA games
2. The underlined phrase “take China by storm”
has the meaning of ____________.
 A. NBA intends to make China its “marketing
center”
 B. NBA is planning to set up some training
centers in China.
 C. there’ll be a big storm when NBA comes to
China to play against the Sacramento Kings
 D. the NBA’s live basketball games will be
broadcasted on all the television channels in
China
3. What seems to be the biggest change
that is happening to NBA?
 A. NBA is getting more and more
globalized.
 B. China’s rapid development in sports
affects NBA.
 C. Yao Ming has taken the place of Jordan.
 D. NBA cannot maintain its high level of
competition now
4. When the writer talked of “home soil”, he
was referring to ___________________.
 A. farms in the States
 B. native Americans
 C. the NBA training center
 D. the USA
5. Which of the following can be used as the
best title for the passage?
 A. The Non-American Basketball Players
 B. NBA is Coming to China
 C. The Foreign Ties that Bind the NBA
 D. NBA is Making Big Progress
III. Vocabulary and Structure
1. The buses run less ____________ on
Sundays.
 A. usually
B. frequently
B
 C. timely
D. rarely
2. A good sleeping bag is an essential part of
every camper’s _______________.
 A. material
B. gear
C
 C. equipment
D. apparatus
3. She ___________ her boredom at home
by learning how to use the Internet.
 A. relaxed
B. regarded
D
 C. retained
D. relieved
 4. People who are under a lot of
_________ may experience headaches,
minor pains and sleeping difficulties.
 A. stress
B. importance
A
 C. force
D. resistance
5. I remember when I was a child, I was very
________ with how many toys she had.
 A. repressed
B. impressed
B
 C. pressed
D. oppressed
6. The new order means _______overtime.
 A. works
B. worked
D
 C. to work
D. working
7. ________________ his examination on
the patient, the doctor wrote out a
prescription.
 A. Having finished
A
 B. Finishing
 C. Finished
 D. Having been finished
8. He looked sad. There are so many
problems _______________.
 A. remaining to settle
C
 B. remained settling
 C. remaining to be settled
 D. remained to be settled
9. He is getting more attractive __________
he gets older.
C
 A. with
B. when C. as D. like
10.It’s a common wish of all________ in a
peaceful world.
 A. live
B. living
C. lived D. to live
D
IV. Cloze
 Olympic Games are held every four years at
a different site, in which
atheletes_1_different nations compete
against each other in a _2_ of sports. There
are two types of Olympics, the Summer
Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
 In order to _3_ the Olympics, a city must
submit a proposal to the International
Olympic Committee (IOC). After all
proposals have been _4_, the IOC votes. If
one city is successful in gaining a majority in
the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is
eliminated, and voting continues with _5_
rounds, until a majority winner is determined
 Typically the Games are awarded several
years in advance, _6_the winning city time
to prepare for the Games. In selecting the
_7_of the Olympic Games, the IOC
considers a number of factors, chief among
them which city has, or promises to build,
the best facilities, and which organizing
committee seems most likely to_8_ the
Games effectively.
 The IOC also _9_which parts of the world
have not yet hosted the Games. _10_,
Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer
Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of
the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen in
part to popularize the Olympic movement in
Asia and in Latin America.
IV. Cloze
 Olympic Games are held every four years at a
different site, in which atheletes_1_different
nations compete against each other in a _2_ of
sports. There are two types of Olympics, the
Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
 1 A. in
B. for
C. of
D. from
D
 2. A. lot
B. number
C. variety D. series
C
 In order to _3_ the Olympics, a city must submit
a proposal to the International Olympic
Committee (IOC). After all proposals have been
_4_, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in
gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with
the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting
continues with _5_ rounds, until a majority
winner is determined
A
 3. A. host
B. take
C. run
D. organize
B
 4. A. supported
B. submitted
C. substituted
D. subordinated
 5. A. suggestive
B. successful
C
C. successive
D. succeeding
 Typically the Games are awarded several years
in advance, _6_the winning city time to prepare
for the Games. In selecting the _7_of the
Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of
factors, chief among them which city has, or
promises to build, the best facilities, and which
organizing committee seems most likely to_8_
the Games effectively.
6. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing
7. A. site
B. spot
C. location D. space
8. A. state B. stage C. start
D. sponsor
6. D
7. A
8. B
 The IOC also _9_which parts of the world have
not yet hosted the Games. _10_, Tokyo, Japan,
the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and
Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968
Summer Games, were chosen in part to
popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in
Latin America.
 9. A. thinks
B. reckons
C
C. considers
D. calculates
 10. A. For instance B. As a result
A
C. In brief
D. On the whole
V. Translation
1.
2.
Marked by beauty and rhythm, their movements
follow set patterns that are designed more for
health-building than for self defense.
其运动以美和节奏为特点，具有固定的套路，这
些套路与其说是为了自我防卫，不如说是为了强
身健体。
Most visitors to China are deeply impressed by
the tremendous popularity of wushu in this
country.
大多数来中国的游客都对这个国家武术的普及程
度之广泛留下了深刻的印象。
Wushu is a very important aspect that
represents the spirit of Chinese culture and art.
武术是代表中国文化艺术精髓的一个重要方面。
4. Wushu is very rich in form and content.
武术的形式和内容非常丰富。
5. It’s a common wish of all Chinese people to
watch kungfu competitions at the Beijing
Olympic Games.
所有中国人都希望能够在北京奥运会上看到功
夫比赛。
3.
VI. Writing
 You are required to write a composition on
the topic “My Favorite Sport” with no less
than 80 words based on the outline given
below.
 你喜欢什么运动；
 你如何喜欢上这种运动；
 你如何从事这项运动。
A Sample
 My favorite sport is basketball as it is very
exciting. I like basketball because the N.B.A.
stars play very well. Basketball is very
cheap and it is a good sport for our health.
We can grow taller if we play basketball
often. Also it keeps me fit.
 I play basketball three times a week. Most
often I play it in my school. I often play it
with my friends although I may play it myself.
I feel very happy when I play basketball in
school with my classmates. Sometimes I
play basketball in the playground near my
home.