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郭水源
Guoshuiyuan@ 163.com
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要点一:
一种心理学理论
人本主义心理学
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方法一
课堂教学设计要符合
学生的认知规律
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4
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Let’s chant
The Seasons
Spring is green.
Summer is bright.
Fall is yellow.
Winter is white.
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spring ---- March to May
It is warm in spring.
We can go hiking.
It is a good season for hiking.
It’s a good season for …
是…的好季节。
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summer----- from June to August
It is hot in summer.
We can go swimming.
I like swimming in the river.
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fall
From September to November
It is cool in fall.
It’s a good time to climb mountains.
It’s a good time to …
是做…的好时候。
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winter --- December to February
It is cold in winter.
We can make a snowman in winter.
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1a Look,listen and say.
What’s the weather like in spring?
What’s the weather like in summer?
It is warm.
It is hot.
It is a good season for hiking.
We can go swimming.
How’s the weather in fall?
It is cool.
It is a good time to climb
mountains.
How’s the weather in winter?
It is cold.
We can make a snowman in winter.
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spring
summer
fall
winter
Which season do you like best.
I like …best.
What’s the weather like… ?
It’s ….
Why do you like…?
Because it’s a good time to…./it’s a good season for….15
Project
Discuss the seasons with your
partners .Talk about your favorite
season
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方法二
设计好预习导纲
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预习导纲一
Unit 7 Topic 2
词语点击
play
本话题中出现了一些由play构成的表示
体育活动和弹奏乐器的词组,请你从课文
中把它们找出来,分别填写在下面的横线
上。
1、体育活动 __________________
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2、弹奏乐器 _________________
[发现]
表示弹奏乐器的词组中名词前都有
________,而表示体育活动的则没有。
[运用]
下面句子均有一处错误,请找出并改正。
1.My sister can play piano very well.
2. John could play the tennis one year ago.
3. Yao Ming is good at playing the
basketball.
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still
请先观察下面例句中still的位置,然后
完成后面的结论。
1. My legs still hurt.
2. She is still beautiful at the age of forty.
3. Mike was still worried about his daughter.
4. We may still have problems.
5. I still don’t understand what you mean.
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[结论]
still表示“仍然、还”,常用于行为动词_. be动词、
情态动词___,它有时还可以直接用于否定句___.
[运用]
请根据汉语意思写出英语句子。
1、那家商店还开着。
_____________________
2、汤姆还没有上学。
———————————
3、你还能打篮球吗?
————————————
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something &anything
请回顾some和any的用法,观察下面的例句,
完成后面的结论。
1. There is something wrong with my bike. It doesn’t
work.
2. I’d like something to drink.
3. Would you like something to eat?
4. Do you have anything interesting to tell
me?
5. There isn’t anything important in the newspaper.
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6. I’m full. I can’t have anything.
[结论]
1、从例句1、2可以看出something这个词常
用于_____句中。
2、从例句4、5、6可以看出anything这个词
常常用于______句和______句中。
3、从例句3中我们发现:当表示邀请时,
something可以用于_______句中。
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4、从例句1、2、3、4、5中我们发现:形容
词或动词不定式修饰something和anything
时,放在它们的__________。
[运用]
请选用something或anything填空,完成下列句
子。
1. Let’s get ______ to eat at that restaurant.
2. It’s a great pity, but I can’t do _____about it
3. Is there _____in that box?
4. You didn’t do ______useful last weekend.
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语法聚焦
can和could
请认真阅读下列例句,归纳can和could的用法,完
成后面的结论。
1. I can only sing English songs.
2. They can play basketball.
3. She can use a computer very well.
4. Zhang Jun can ride a bike, but he couldn’t
do it two years ago.
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5. We couldn’t speak English when we were four.
6. ---Can I borrow a book?
---I am sorry . You can’t today.
7. ---Could you help me carry the box?
---Sure.
8. What can I do for you?
[结论 1]
1、can和could是情态动词,后面常跟____(动词的何种
形式)
2、不管主语是第一人称、第二人称还是第三人称,也不
管主语是单数还是复数,都是用can/could, can/could
没有______和_______的变化。
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3、表示现在“能、会”用“_____,表示过去
“能、会”,用_____, could是can的____。
4、从例句6、7中我们发现can和could都可以
用来表示______,但是could的语气比can更委
婉、更客气。
[结论 2]
现在我们来总结含有情态动词can/could
的句子的句式变化:
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1、肯定式:主语+can/could+____+其它
2、否定式:主语+____+动词原型+其它
3、一般疑问句:____+主语+动词原型
+其它
4、特殊疑问句:疑问词+can/could+主
语+动词原型+其它
[运用]
请根据括号的要求完成下列各题。
1. take, Michael, photos, well, can, very
(连词成句)
_______________________________
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2. I can play basketball.
(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
_______________________________
3. Polly can count these flowers.
(改为否定句)
________________________________
4. A hen can fly. ( 就划线部分提问)
______________________________
5. My sister could cook when she was ten years old.
(就划线部分提问)
___________________________
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课文探究
请仔细观察下面的句子,结合其汉语意思
完成后面的结论。
1. I like it a little. 我有一点儿喜欢它。
2. Yi Jianlian can play basketball very
well.易建联篮球打得非常好。
3. My mother can’t use a computer at
all.我妈妈一点也不会用电脑。
[结论]
a little表示“_____”,very well表示 “___”,
not…at all表示 “____”,这些词语常常来表示程
度。
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[运用]
请根据括号内的汉语把下列对话补充完整,每空
词数不限。
1. ---Can you play the guitar?
---Yes, just ____(会一点)
2. ---Can your brother draw pictures?
---Yes, he can draw ____(非常好)
3. ---Can Jane speak Japanese?
---No, she ______speak Japanese _____
(一点也不)
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预习导纲二
仁爱9年级上
Unit 1 Topic 1 Section A
一.学习内容
1.暑假刚刚结束,我们的暑假生活过的怎样?
我们去过哪里?我们做过哪些事情?
2.康康等他们暑假去过哪里?做过哪些事情?
暑假生活是否过的愉快?
3.初步学习和总结现在完成时的构成和用法
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二、学习要求
1.必会主要生词和短语
proper, training, bell, social,feel sorry for ,
have been to, the whole holiday, learn…
from
2.必会主要句型
(1).Rita, you have just come back from your
hometown.
(2). I felt sorry for them.
(3).—Where have you been, Jane?
—I have been to Mount Huang with my
parents.
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(4). There goes the bell.
(5).Did you spend the whole holiday
working there?
(6). Have you ever told the stories to the
kids?
(7). Though I had no time to travel , I still felt
very happy.
三、学习要点
1.see sb doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。
I saw three boys playing basketball on
the playground.
…….
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四、学习过程
(一)课前预习
1.课前预习课本P1—2
2.课前预习 同步练习与测试
Unit 1 Topic 1 Section A练习
3.做一做
(1). I saw Li Ming ______ basketball with his
friends on the playground just now. (play)
(2). I _________ whoever marries him!(为… 感到
惋惜)
(3).Where _____ you _______? I _________ to
Hefei. But now I am here.
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(4).写出下列动词的过去时和过去分词。
am ______
________
are ______
________
chat ______
________
have _______
________
do _____
________
come _______
________
clean _____
________
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(二).语法探研
Rita, you have just come back from your
hometown.
现在完成时由助动词“have/has” +动词的过
去分词构成,表示过去发生或完成的某一动作
对现在造成的影响或结果,可与just, already,
yet等表示时间的副词连用。
把上句话变成否定句:___________________.
一般疑问句:______________________________?
划线提问:______________________________?
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小结: Rita, you haven’t just come back from
your hometown.
Have you just come back from your
hometown, Rita?
Where have you just come back , Rita?
现在完成时肯定形式:主语+have/has” +动词
的过去分词构成
现在完成时否定形式:主语+have/has” +动词
的过去分词构成
现在完成时一般疑问形式:Have/ Has +主语+
动词的过去分词+其他?
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(三).提高 拓展的练习
单项选择
( )1. ------Listen!
.
-------Oh,let's go to the classroom
A. There goes the bell
B. There's the bell
C. There the bell goes
D. The bell goes there
……(省略)
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方法三
中考第二论词汇复习要讲究艺术性
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一、归纳梳理四会掌握的单词
1、同音异形词
father---farther buy—bye
2、同义、近义词
1)名词同义词
center---middle clothes---dress
2)动词同义词
answer---reply fall---drop
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3)形容词同义词
all---whole alone---lonely
4)副词同义词
ago---before almost---nearly
5)代词同义词
everybody---everyone
6)连词同义词
if---whether when---while
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7)介词同义词
about---on
among---between
2、反义词
1)名词反义词
back---front danger---safety
2)代词反义词
all---none both---neither
3)动词反义词
accept---refuse ask---answer
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4)形容词反义词
alive---dead angry---happy
5)副词反义词
always---never alone---together
6)介词反义词
above---below against---for
3、词义辨析
across---through after---behind
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二、归纳梳理应掌握的习惯用语或固定
搭配
1、同义词组
1)同义动词词组
be away---go away be from---come from
2)其他同义词组
again and again---over and over
as a matter of fact---in fact
from now on---in the future
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2、反义词组
1)反义动词词组
be different from—be similar to
2)其他反义词组
at first---in the end
different from---the same as
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小结
教师要学会对自己的教学行为进行反思
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1、我达到教学目标了吗?为何?
2、课堂实施与计划不同,为何?
3、我是如何从课程的一个阶段转到另一 阶
段?
4、课堂活跃吗?为何?
5、学生掌握了学习内容了吗?我是如何知道
的?
6、学生对教材反应积极吗?学生用英语回答
问题吗?
7、有问题吗?下次如何改进?
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要点二:
二种评价方式
形成性和终结性评价
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评价方式一: 反思自评
同学们,市质检已经结束,让我们一起回顾一下这张
试卷好吗?
1、这份试卷考查的内容有:
短语:______________________
句型:______________________
语法:______________________
话题功能:__________________
2、请结合你做错的题目,和同学们共同分析一下试卷
的难点:________________
3、前一阶段复习中你做得较好的有: ___________
做得不够,在今后学习中需要改进的有:
___________
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评价方式一:课堂竞赛
项目
组别
一
二
三
四
词汇
对话
听力
口头作文
总分
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要点三:
三项原则
为用而学
在用中学
学了就用
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课例一
Unit 1 Topic 3
Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics
Section C
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Step 2 Presentation
Task 1
Reading
1.Questions and Answers.
2.Scan and make T or F.
3.Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks.
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Fast reading
1、Questions and answers.
1)When did the People’s Republic of China take part in
the Olympics for the fist time?
2)Who won China’s first gold medal in the 1984 Los
Angeles Olympics?
3)How many gold medals did China get in the 2000
Sydney Olympics?
4)Which city will host the 29th Olympic Games in the year
2008?
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2.Scan and choose T or F
1)The People’s Republic of China took part in
the Olympics in 1956 for the first time .
2)Xu Haifeng was the winner of the first gold
medal for China.
3)China got 32 gold medals in 2000 Olympics.
4)The Olympics Games come every four years.
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3.Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks.
The People’s Republic of China took part ___ the
Olympic for the first time in 1952. Xu Haifeng___
China’s first gold medal in the 1984 Los Angeles
Olympics. China ____28 gold medals in the 2000
Sydney Olympics. Beijing Will___the 29th
Olympic Games in the year 2008.
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Task 2
Oral pratice: There will be…
1.Group work
What will Beijing be like in 2008?
What should we do for the 2008 Olympics?
2. Interview
Using There will be…,We should…。
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visitors
tall buildings
roads
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build ourselves up
improve our
environment
Plant trees and grass
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Step 3 Consolidation Task 3
Activity1 Free Talk
The following may be mentioned as a guide:
the Olympic rings, flag, players and gold medals….
Activity2. Report
Choose a representative to report.
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Step 4 Practice(Task4)
Make a survey and fill out the form
Name
Age
in
2008
What is she/doing for
the Beijing Olympics
in 2008
What will she/he
do for the 2008?
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Step 5 Project (Task 5)
Written work: Write a short
passage (I will do something for
the Olympics).
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Blackboard design
Unit 1 Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics Section C
1、new words:
Reading
gold winner visitor
comprehension
improve environment 1.Questions and
Ourselves
Answers
2.Choose T or F
2、Sentences:
3.Fill in the blanks
①There will be
Discussion
more…
1. What will Beijing be
②What should we do
like in 2008?
for the 2008
2. What should we do
Olympics?
for the 2008
Olympics?
Free Talk
Say something
about Olympics
Written work
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课例二
Step 1 Warming up
Task 1 Free talk (Individual Work)
Show some pictures and let the
students have a free talk about them.
设计目的:通过Free talk来复习相关内容,
同时激发学生探究的好奇心和学习的兴趣,
为引导学生阅读做了铺垫。
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Step 2 Pre-reading
Task 2 Predicting (Individual work)
Predict the order of the four pictures and
general idea of the passage according to
the pictures.
设计说明:这一任务进一步激发学生的兴
趣,有助于学生更好地理解将要阅读的文
章,同时也培养了阅读预测能力。
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Step3 While reading
Task 3 Skimming (Individual work)
1. Skim the text and find out the right
order of four pictures.
2. After that, answer the questions what
the passage is mainly about. And then
mark True or False.
设计目的:学生通过略读文章,快速理出四
幅图的正确顺序把握文章的基本结构,并通
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判断四个句子的正误,指导学生从整体上把
握文章的大意,便于下一步查读。
Task 4 Scanning (Individual work &Group
work)
Scan the passage and put the key words in
the right order.
设计目的:学生个人先通过查读,排好关键
词的顺序,接下来小组成员之间交流各自的
答案,有异议的地方,经过讨论最终确定答
案。这样不仅让学生了解了文章的具体内容
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,还培养了学生快速阅读的能力和互帮互助的团
队合作精神。
Task 5 Intensive Reading (Individual work
&Group work)
1. Ask the students to make simple sentences
using those key words according to the passage.
2. Ask the students to make a list of the useful
expressions they learned from this passage.
设计目的:引导学生逐步消化、理解和运用所
学的语言知识和技能,将语言能力的培养落实
到语言学习的基点上。
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Step 4 Post reading
Task 6 (Individual work & pair work)
Retell the story according to the pictures
and some key words.
设计目的:学生根据关键词复述短文,及
时使学生把输入的阅读信息进行加工,并
以口头形式输出,从而提高学生的口语表
达能力并达到训练学生的阅读记忆能力的
目的,促进语言知识的巩固和深化。
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Step 5 Follow up
Task 7 (Group)
Let the students read the passage again
and try to write out a summary of it.
设计目的:这一任务作为本文阅读后的
一个拓展和升华,体现素质教育中培养
学生创新思维的思想,使学生运用习得
策略, 将输入的信息以笔头形式输出,
由阅读过渡到写,培养学生综合运用语
言能力。
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Step 6 Assessment
Work out the result of each group.
Then congratulate the winners.
设计目的:这一步体现了发展性评价,
有助于学生提高学习兴趣,促进学生的
发展。
Step 7 Homework
(布置好预习导纲)
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要点四:
四种学习方式
合作学习
自主学习
任务学习
探究学习
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任务型教学设计在初中英语
听力课教学中应用
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初中英语听力课任务型教学设计
(一)听力课教学一般说来至少应当包括
三大步骤
1、“听前(pre-listening)
2、听时(while-listening)
3、听后(post-listening )”阶段三个步
骤。
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(1) 听前(pre-listening)阶段
A.就有关学习任务的话题进行介绍(Introducing
the topic)。例如,在听万圣节的录音之前就要
介绍万圣节的情况,以便为学生的学习作词汇和
内容上的准备。
B.学习、复习相关的语言(Identifying topic
language)。为学生们开展学习任务扫清障碍。
如果学生己经学过关于此类话题的词汇和短语,
教师可以采用多种方式引导他们复习,教师还有
必要对影响听力大意的重点词汇或语言现象进行
教学。
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C.布置学习任务,使学生理解、明确学习任
务的目标和结果。为成功地完成学习任务,
教师要通过多种方式使学生明确如何开展此
项任务,每位学生的任务是什么,给他们多
少时间,他们完成任务后应取得什么样的成
功等方面的问题。布置学习任务时的指令性
语言(instruction)一定要简单明了,目标
越具体越好。
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(2) 听时(while-listening)阶段
任务的实施阶段由三个部分组成:任务(Task)、
设计(Planning)和汇报(Report)。在这个阶段,
学生之间,教师和学生之间可以采取不同的交互
方式,各自扮演不同的角色。
任务:学生一对一或分成小组来进行活动(通常
是听力练习或解决问题的练习)。教师监督、鼓
励学生参与学习任务。
设计:这是任务实施阶段中最重要的一环。要提
高学生听的能力,培养学生听的策略。使学生在
完成任务的过程中学习到应该学习的知识。而不
是单单要做完听力材料所配备的习题。
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汇报:学生可以以口头、笔头等形式向全班汇报自
己所完成的学习任务的成果。任务完成的结果是评
估任务是否成功的标准。任务的成果既可能是语言
性的,如角色扮演,也可能是非语言性的,如画一
张图表等。
(3) 听后(post-listening )
A. 语言分析活动,学生做一些与任务实施阶段中与
听力有关的语言形式方面的联系或活动。教师在学
生做的基础上来分析这些练习或活动并引起他们对
其他词汇、短语或句型的注意,还可以对他们在汇
报过程中出现的一些语言现象进行分析
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B.语言练习活动在语言分析活动之后,教师
可以根据学生的需要进行一些语言练习活动。
学生通过各种练习或活动来练习语言分析阶
段的词汇、短语、句型,同时学习一些有用
的语言。
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常见英语课堂教学中
任务的设计
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一、单一任务的设计
1、绘画式任务
在教仁爱版七年级上Unit3
Topic2,SectionD时,学习family tree,让
每人画一家谱,然后互相交换图画,通过
向对方提问,了解其家庭成员的称呼及其
信息。
82
2、表格式任务
在学习仁爱教材七年级上Where are you from?
教师可布置如下任务,让学生建立一个班级档
案.
name
age
sex
hobbies
83
3、挑战记忆任务
教师让学生在规定的时间内读一篇文章,
然后总结并叙述文章的主要内容,或让学
生叙述某一个情节,或让学生根据文章内
容互相提问三至五个问题。在完成任务的
过程中学生通过反复阅读文章,提高了其
阅读能力和记忆能力。
在学习仁爱教材七年级下p85这段对话时,
给学生固定的时间熟悉对话,让四个学生
分别叙述What do Kangkang、Maria、
Jane、Mary want to do during the
summer holiday?然后让学生根据对话内
容相互提问三或五个问题。
84
4、比较式任务
从不同的材料叙述中找出他们之
间的异同点。在学习学习仁爱教材七
年级(下)节日文化这个单元时,让
学生讨论中国节日与西方节日的异同。
这些任务可充分调动学生的积极性,
使他们了解西方文化背景知识,并锻
练学生的思维能力和口头表达能力。
85
Spring festival
Christmas
Date
Activities
Gifts
Food
86
5、写作式任务
学习了there be句型后,要求学生
在规定的时间内用句型写一篇介绍自
己卧室的短文,同桌互相念给对方听、
互相交流评价,给教师做评定,并提
出修改意见。
87
6、重组任务
教师可把课文对话或图片的顺序打乱,
然后让学生重新按顺序排列。这要求学
生十分清楚文章或对话的内容,而且要
领会课文内容的连贯性。
如仁爱教材七年级上P92
将下列的句子重新排列组成一篇完整
的对话.
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7、辩论式任务
观点交换任务是讨论、交换意见,而不
必达成统一意见。例如,在阅读的课文
之后,可以根据话题让学生进行辩论,
此任务能促使学生积极思考,并充分发
挥他们的想象力和创造力。又如在学习
仁爱教材七年级下seasons and weather ,
教师按照学生喜欢的季节把全班分成4个
小组,让学生就题目进行辩论。
89
8、解决问题任务
解决问题任务就是要求学生根据自
己的知识,用英语解决现实生活中可能
遇到的问题。如在学习仁爱教材七年级
上P13时,教师可让学生在中国地图上确
认我国重要城市和地区的空间位置。教
师提出问题,让学生在一张未标明地名
的中国地图上填上所问的相应的位置地
方的名称。
90
9、作决定任务
作决定任务要求学生通过协商、讨论
后作出选择,达成一致意见。如在学习
仁爱教材七年级上Let‘s have a picnic
这个话题时,让学生对该带什么去野餐
进行讨论,并最后作出决定。每个小组
写出一份计划并说明原因。
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10、预测任务
听或读一篇文章的开头,让学生
predict the ending。
我们在以上单一的任务设计中,力
求任务设计具有语用、语境、和语义
三个方面的真实性,任务有助于训练
学生的听、说读、写四项基本技能。
学生通过完成任务不断获得任务所需
要的信息、知识、能力和技能,从而
获得语言运用能力。
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要点五
五个基础
情感态度
文化意识
语言知识
语言技能
学习策略
93
一、听力训练策略
94
许多学生对英语听力听问句写答语感到
很困难,其实仔细看来,听问句写答语
并不难,它旨在通过考查学生对日常交
际用语的掌握程度从而提高学生的听说
能力。所以我们只要把日常交际用语作
一个大致的总结,做到有备无患,学生
考试起来就得心应手了。下面我将对仁
爱版教材日常交际用语作简要的小结:
95
问好
问句:How are you?
How’s it / everything going?
答语:Fine, thank you / Not too bad /
Just so-so…
赞扬
Congratulate you for your good exam result.
Your T-shirt is very beautiful.
Help yourself to some fish. / Make yourself at
home.
I think you’ll be a good artist in the future.
答语:Thank you!
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道谢
Thank you.
You’ve done a good job, thank you.
答语:You’re welcome / Not at all /
That’s OK…
道歉
I’m sorry for making so much noise.
答语:Never mind / It doesn’t matter.
97
I’m sorry I don’t know.
答语:Thank you all the same.
I’m afraid I can’t finish the work on time.
答语:Don’t worry.
I didn’t pass the exam.
答语: What a pity.
祝愿
Good luck to you..
Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Gao.
Wish you succeed in the coming examination.
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答语: Thank you / Thanks ( a lot ).
I’ll go to Hainan for a holiday.
答语: Have a good time. / Enjoy
yourself.
Have a good day. / Happy New Year.
答语:The same to you./ You, too.
打电话
Hello, Is that Tom speaking? /could I
speak to Tom?
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答语: Yes, speaking / Speaking
Sorry, he isn’t in . / Hold on,
please.
Hello, this is Emily speaking. Who’s that?
答语:This is … speaking.
建议或请求
Would you like some green tea?
Can I get you a cup of tea?
答语:Yes, please / No, thanks / That’s very
kind of you.
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What/ How about walking after class?
Let’s be greener people.
Shall we go out for a walk?
Why not meet a little earlier?
Don’t talk in class, boys.
答语:Good idea / OK / No problem…
Will you please take a massage for him ?
答语:Sure / Certainly / I’ll be glad to.
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有关星期月份天气等
What day is it today ?
答语:It’s Sunday / Monday/Tuesday/
Wednesday/Thursday
What’s the date today?
答语:It’s November 1st …
What time is it now?
答语:It’s (about) 9:00 a.m …
102
What’s the weather like today? / How is
the weather today?
答语:It’s sunny / cloudy / windy / snowy
/ rainy / foggy.
有关自己
What’s your favorite sport / color /
film / cartoon / sportsman / animal /
TV program?
答语:Basketball …
103
What did you do at the weekend?
答语:I watched TV / did my
homework…
What size of T-shirts would you like?
答语:Large / Medium / Small.
What do you want to be when you grow
up?
答语:A doctor / A scientist…
104
What would you do if you had a million
dollars?
答语:I would give it to Project Hope…
How do you like / What do you think of
the TV play?
答语:It’s wonderful / It’s just so-so / I
like it very much.
How often do you go to the library ?
答语:Once a week…
105
How are you getting on with your
English teacher?
答语:Quite well.
How many times have you been to
Shanghai?
答语: Never / Once / Twice / Three
times…
How long have you studied in this school?
答语:More than two years…
106
Where have you been? / Where are you
going on vacation?
答语:Paris / Beijing…
Which is your favorite subject?
答语:English / math…
When did you first begin to study English?
答语:Two years ago.
Did you finish your homework?
答语:Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
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Have you finished your homework?
答语:Yes, I have / No, I haven’t / Not yet.
Do you think it’s a good idea?
答语:Yes, I think so / No, I don’t think so.
You are a middle school student, aren’t
you?
答语:Yes, I am..
有关他人
108
(问职业)What’s your father? / What does
your father do?
答语:He’s a teacher / a doctor…
(问性格) What’s your mother like ?
答语:She is kind / humorous /
friendly…
(问长相) What does your mother look
like ?
答语:She is tall with long hair
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Is your father a teacher or a worker?
答语: He’s a worker. / Neither, he is a
farmer.
其他
What’s the population of China now?
答语: 1.3 billion.
What’s the slogan of 2008 Olympics ?
答语: One World, One Dream.
110
When is Women’s Day / Teachers
’ Day… ?
答语: March 8th./ September
10th…
Is there a hospital over there?
答语: Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t
/ Sorry, I’m new here.
Is the public phone across from the
library?
答语: Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
111
How do you spell the word “lemon”?
答语: L-E-M-O-N.
Where can we buy vegetables?
答语: In the supermarket.
What should we do to stop SAKS?
答语: We should wear a face mask / often
wash hands…
What can I do for you?
答语: I want to buy a skirt / a kilo of apples…
112
二、单项选择训练策略
113
中考英语单项填空五要诀
打好词汇基础
这里的词汇基础不仅仅是指对所学单词的读音、
拼写和意义的掌握,还要懂得常用单词的前后
搭配、近义词辨析及短语动词的区别等。中考
单填空题涉及到:
(1) 常用词的前后搭配。请看下面这道中考题:
The earth is our home. We must ______it
clean.
A. change
B. sweep
C. keep
D. build
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(2) 近义词细微差别,特别是近义动词、名
词、形容词和副词的辨析。如常考的有:
spend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tell, say;
borrow, lend, keep, use; take, bring, fetch;
hope, wish, expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear,
listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail;
rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice,
noise; home, family, house, room; game,
match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well
等等。请看下面这道中考题:
The temperature was below zero. It was
difficult to ______ the car.
A. move B. get
C. begin D. start
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(3) 短语动词的比较,特别是由get, look,
take, put, turn, come, send等动词加up, down,
for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away等介词或副
词构成的短语动词。常考的有:get on / off /
up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like;
put down / up / off / on / away; take off / up /
down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send
up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with,
come up with等等。请看下面这道中考题:
I didn’t go to the park with my classmates,
because my mother asked me to ______ my
little sister at home.
A. look after
B. look at
C. look for
D. look like
116
掌握基本语法知识
语法是谴词造句的法则,掌握这些法则
有助于正确说话写文,也有肋于正确理
解句子意思。所以语法对学好外语非常
重要。中考试题中常考的语法规则有:
名词:常见不可数名词的用法特点;
可数名词单复数的变化规则;名词的所
有格,特别是有两个并列名词后的所有
格;语境中名词的选择。
117
学会利用语境分析
所谓语境就是指上下文。解答中考单项填空题,不
要只盯在空格那个地方,也不要只盯在含空格的那
一个句子,而要理解整个上下文的意思才能作出选
择。请看下面这道中考题:
—You’re very ______, aren’t you?
—Yes. Our team has won the game.
A. happy B. worried C. sad D. afraid
解答此题时你若只看问句,填任何一个答案都是正
确的,当看到答句中的has won the match才知道只
有答案A正确。
118
熟悉常用的交际用语
就是指考生还要懂得英语国家的人与中国人
由于历史文化和思维方式的不同所造成日常
交往中语言表达的不同。请看下面这道中考
题:
—Your spoken English is much better!
—______.
A. Oh, no
B. You’re right
C. Thank you
D. Not at all
当被别人称赞时,谦虚的中国人常说“不,
哪里哪里”或“不,还差得远咧”等等,若
按这种思维,很容易错选答案A或D;而西方
人却是向对方表示感谢,所以答案是C。
119
具有一定的生活常识
有的中考试题既不是考词汇知识也不是
考语法规则,而是考查考生的生活经验
和科普常识,比如超市、加油站、公园、
学校等公共场所的标志和电视中的一些
图标等等。因此,在平时的日常生活中
要细心观察,多看书报多看电视,广泛
涉猎,并注意生活经验和科普常识的积
累。
120
三、完形填空
121
完形填空试题的三个难度等级
一、词组层次。需要填的词,和它前或后的词有固定
的搭配关系,只要看空缺前或后的词便能决定该填
什么。例如:
look ___
up the new word in a dictionary,
husband and _______
wife
122
二、句子层次。空缺需要填什么词,本句之
内就可以决定,不用超出句子的范围。
如:What _____
did he do last Sunday?
Can you tell mewhere
______ Tom comes
from?
123
三、
三、语篇层次。空缺需要填什么,光看本句不成,
要超出句子在语篇层次上考虑才能决定。例如:
Man is the cleverest animal on earth. He can travel in outer
space and land himself on the moon. But in his war against
his enemy the rat in his home, he seems always to be the
_____.
A. winner
B. loser
C. hero
D. coward(懦夫)。
这里的空缺该填什么,仅仅看本句难以决定。要
超出句子从语篇语境的层次去考虑,才可以决定空
缺应填B。
124
 中考完形填空
模拟举例
 选择考点应侧重从语言的意义考虑,而不能
一味地考查语法形式或句子结构。
125


Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care
about those who are very 1 . Why? Because those who
have big houses may often feel 2 and those who have
cars want to 3 on countryroads in their free time.
In fact, happiness is always 4 you. When you are
5 , your friends will help you; when you study hard at
your lessons, your 6 are always taking good care of
your life and your 7 ; …All these are your happiness.
When you are 8 , you can also say you are very
happy, because you have something else that 9 can’t
buy. When you meet with 10 , say loudly that you are
happy, because you have more chances to challenge
yourself.
Take every chance you get, and you can be a happy
and lucky person.
126





(
(
(
(
(


(


(




(
(
(
)1. A. poor
B. rich
)2. A. serious
B. unknown
)3. A. walk
B. work
)4. A. for
B. to
)5. A. in public
C. at home
)6. A. experts
C. parents
)7. A. healthy
C. beauty
)8. A. poor
B. tall
)9. A. performance B. confidence
) 10. A. thieves
B. animals
C. nice
D. bad
C. strange D. lonely
C. knock
D. talk
C. around D. about
B. in trouble
D. at break
B. journalists
D. inspectors
B. health
D. beautiful
C. short
D. angry
C. word
D. money
C. problems D. signs
127
四、阅读理解
128
1、中考英语阅读理解试题的发展趋势
1)贴近学生生活,渗透素质教育。
2)阅读量逐步增大
3)全面考查对书面英语的理解能力
4)文章题材和体裁多样化
129
2、中考英语阅读题目的命制原则
1)考查学生对语言文字、语篇的理解能力。
2)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。
3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义,也
理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和
判断。
4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息,结
合自己应有的常识正确推断、理解材料中
的生词和短语的含义。
130
3、阅读理解的题材和体裁
 幽默故事类
 文化采风类
 科学普及类
 动物世界类
 新闻报道类
 植物世界类
 文化教育类
 广告宣传类
 体育世界类
 应用文体类
 名人传记类
 图表信息类
131
4、中考英语阅读理解主要题型
 细节理解题
 词义推断题
 逻辑推理题(包括正误判断题)
 归纳概括题(包括标题选择题)
132
5、阅读理解的主要命题形式
 根据短文内容选择正确答案型。
 根据短文内容完成句子型。
 根据短文内容用英语回答问题型。
 根据短文内容判断正误型。
 根据短文内容,用正确的词填空。
 信息匹配题
133
6、阅读理解的设题层次
 表层理解题
即答案可以从短文中直接找到的题目。
 深层理解题
即答案需要透过字面去看文中的内在
含义,通过分析、概括、推理、判断才
能找到的题目。
134
7、中考英语试题回顾
分析研究近年各地中考题
把握中考命题动向及趋势
是英语复习中的重要环节
135
8、阅读理解不同题型的解题方法
(一)细节理解题
其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字
部分作为验证 。如:
What does Alan want to buy?
A. A lovely Persian kitten.
B. A ticket for Rainders’ concert.
C. A PC in good condition.
D. A silver ring with a stone.
原文回放:
PC WANTED: In good condition. Must be at least a
Pentium IV(奔腾四代).See Alan.
136
(二)词义推断题
主要提问方式是:
1) The underline word “that” here refers to
____.
A. working for money B. sending medicine home
C. his crazy father
D. his adopted sister
原文回放:
Hong sold pens, books and tapes to make money.
“ many people looked down on me for that.”
Hong remembered. “But I didn’t care.”
137
2) The underlined word “ mute ” here means
A. unable to speak B. unhealthy
C. frustrated
D. not clever
原文回放:
Not long after that ,she became mute too.
From then on, her world was silent.
138
3) The Chinese for “thinning” (in the fourth
paragraph) is “______”.
A. 拔苗 B.间苗 C.除草 D.育苗
原文回放:
If you have planted seeds, you can expect too many
plants to come out. You have to clear some away,
so that the plants left will have room to grow. This
is called thinning.
139
(三)归纳概括题
主要提问方式是:
Which is the best title of this passage?
A. Snow Colour B. Snowflakes
C. White Stars D. Snowflake’s Shape
2) The first two paragraphs mainly tell us
that______.
A. sometimes snow has different colours
B. snow flakes look like white stars.
C. there is different snow in different countries
D. snow can be mixed with other things.
1)
140
3) What is the advertisement about?
A. shopping
B. Business
C. Travel
D. Hiking
4) From the text we know that_______.
A. Yi Jianlian is a player of the Chinese
Basketball Team
B. Yi Jianlian will join Yao Ming in the
NBA next season
C. Yi Jianlian is a basketball player with
a bright future
D. Yao Ming is the first person playing in
the NBA
141
(四)逻辑推理题
主要提问方式是:
1)Why did Hong take chenchen along with him to the Senior
High School?
A. His school was far from his home.
B. Nobody but Hong could look after her.
C. He wants others to know about his family.
D. She could help him sell things.
原文回放:
When he was 12, his father suddenly went crazy and killed his
one –year- old sister. The family then adopted a baby girl
called Chenchen.
Later, Hong’s mother ran away from home. She couldn’t
stand Hong’s mad father’s beating. Hong had to support the
family and bring up Chenchen by himself.
142
2) According to the passage ,we students should______.
A. give money to the poor
B. put our time and energy into many things
C. learn to help ourselves
D. sell things to support our families
原文回放:
When Hong’s story became public, many people
wanted to give him money. But Hong refused.
 “Poverty(贫穷)and suffering should not be an
excuse for begging sympathy(同情)and help from
society,”said Hong. “I think it’s most important for
a man to support himself and be strong.”
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3) The writer of this passage thinks____.
A. sharks are useful to us
B. sharks are dangerous to us
C. sharks are able to treat cancer
D sharks are the largest animal in the ocean
原文回放:
For example, cancer is common in many animals,
including people. However, it is rare in sharks.
Scientists want to find out why sharks almost never
get cancer. Maybe this information can help people
prevent cancer too.
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 回答问题或完成句子型阅读理解
(即阅读理解第二节)
这类题有两种考查方式:一是每小题为
一个句子,句中留空一个,要求学生填
写适当单词。二是在短文后设问题,要
求学生根据短文内容,用英语正确回答。
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答题时的注意事项
 学会判断问题的句式。问题的句式有四种:
(1)一般疑问句(2)特殊疑问句
 (3)选择疑问句(4)反意疑问句
不同的句式有不同的回答方式。
 正确理解题干的含义。
 学会简洁的语句概括大意。
 回答时间或地点时,注意介词的使用。
 填入单词时注意词形的变化。
 注意单词的大小写和句子的标点符号。
 注意书写整洁美观。
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9、阅读理解应试策略
 浏览问题,明确要求
 略读全文,了解梗概
 通篇寻读,猎取信息
 逐渐分析,对号入座
 复读全文,验证答案
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阅读五忌
 一忌不带问题
 二忌草率行事
 三忌主观印象
 四忌囫囵定案
 五忌忽略时间
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10、阅读理解训练策略
1)注意力高度集中
2)克服指读和声读不良习惯
3)注重长句、复杂句的理解
4)扩大知识面
5)进行计时和限时阅读训练
149
11、对阅读教学的一些建议
1)对阅读材料进行归类
2)阅读材料形式多样化,不只局限于阅读题。
3)帮助学生分析问题的题型,掌握做题的方法。
4)尝试让学生分析讲解
5)对学生进行限时阅读的训练
6)让学生坚持对课文进行缩写,培养抓关键词、
关键句的能力。
7)强调阅读在中考中所占的分量及重要性,引起
学生充分重视 。
150
五、书面表达
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1、训练方法
A、认真系统复习、背诵基础知识和优
美的句子、句型。许多同学写出来的语言
根本不符合英语的语言习惯,相当一部分
人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯,不去
理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是
提高写作能力的有效办法,同学们若有大
量的现成语言积累在脑海里,自己写起文
段来,就可以做到脱口而出,或是模仿、
套用、甚至发挥。
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B、练。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵
活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写
单句开始,到写单句,然后到写几句
话,最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试
多种形式的写作,如短信、说明、通
知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据
表格或记录写短文等。
C、写。要进行实战写作。要求自己
在20分钟内写出80个词以上的短文,
并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这
样形成习惯,考试时就能得心应手。
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2、应试策略
A、审题目:要认真审题,看到考题后,先
不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求的内容。
在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确
定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔,看懂题
意,根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要
审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体
时态、活动时间、地点等。
B、圈要点:防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的
一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要
点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情
景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
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C、列提纲:为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文
的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下,形成提纲。
D、定基调:定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。
E、写全文:写短文时要做到以下六个方面:
(1)避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的
句型。
几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。
(2)多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复
杂的句型。
可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感
叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句
型。
(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。
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(4)描写人物时,要生动具体,例如:
外表特征:tall,short,fat,thin,
strong,weak,ordinary-looking,
pretty等。
服饰颜色:red ,yellow,blue,white,
green,brown,black等。
内心境界:glad,happy,sad,excited,
anxious,interested 等。
感情描写:love,like,hate,feel,
laugh,cry,smile,shout等。
动作描写:come,go,get,have,take,
bring,fetch 等。
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(5)上下文要连贯。
上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则,因此同
学们应把写好的句子,根据故事情节,事情发生的
先后次序(时间或空间),使用一些表示并列、递
进等过渡词进行加工整理,使文章连贯、自然、流
畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法:
表示并列关系的:and, as well as, or…
表示转折关系的:but, yet, however…
表示时间关系的:when, while, after, before,
then, after that…
表示因果关系的:so,therefore,as a
result…
表示目的的:in order to,in order that, so
as to, so that…
表示列举的:for example , such as…
表示总结性的:in general, in all, in a word,
generally speaking…
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6)不会表达,另辟蹊径。
中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确
度而定,造句越简单准确越好,造复
合句容易出错,容易被扣分。如遇到
个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可
采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为
简。总之,所造句子要正确、得体、
符合英语表达习惯。
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F、改病句
中考作文时,由于时间紧、内容多,同学们出错
在所难免。因此,改错这一环节必不可少。中考作
文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性
来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此中考时花几分
钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从
以下几个方面入手:
(1)看字数是否达到要求。看有无遗漏要点。
(2)看文体格式是否正确规范。
(3)看词语使用是否正确,有无语法或用词上的
错误。
(4)看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错,标点符
号有无遗漏或用错等等。
(5)注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。

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G、考试中,书面表达应做到先打
草稿,写完后多读几遍,检查是否
有误,然后再抄到试卷上,注意字
迹要工整,不涂、不画、不勾不抹,
避免不必要的扣分。
160
实例分析
161
假如你叫张强。请根据下面美国朋友
Bob的来信内容,结合你自己的情况写一
要求:
1. 认真阅读来信的内容,从中获得
2. 词数:80左右。回信的开头、结
尾已给出,但不计入总词数。
注意:回信中不得出现你的真实地址和
162
Dear friend,
Hello!I’m your new friend. My name is Bob. I’m fifteen. I’m
American. I live in New York.
I am a middle school student. I’m good at maths. It is very
interesting. My favourite sport is basketball. And I am not
only a basketball fan but also a good player. I like pop music.
My friends and I often sing pop songs together.
After school, I am interested in getting on-line. I have known a
lot about China from the Internet. Now I’m learning Chinese.
I hope I will visit your country one day.
Please write to me and tell me something about your life. I’m
looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours
Bob
163
【解析】根据前面提到第六个步骤,我
们来写一下这篇书面表达。
1.审题目:通过审题目我们可以知道:
本篇书面表达应是写一封回信,写信人
是张强,收信人是Bob,信的内容应是介
绍张强自己的情况。
2. 圈要点:根据来信判断,写回信必须
包括以下要点:1、收到对方的来信;2、
愿意和对方交朋友;3、自己的姓名、年
龄和住址;4、自己的身份、特长和爱好;
5、自己的希望。
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3、列提纲:1. got your letter 2. glad to be
your friend 3. name, zhang Qiang, fifteen,
live in Shaanxi 4. a middle school student,
like English, like sports, good at drawing, 5.
hope we’ll meet in China
4、定基调:1) 时态:收到来信用一般
过去时,介绍情况用一般现在时,希望
用一般将来时。2) 人称用第一人称。3)
可按提纲的顺序来写。4) 开头和结尾
题目已经给出。
5、写全文:
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结束语
You hear, you forget.
You see, you remember.
You experience, you
understand.
You do, you learn.
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