Transcript Obesity - Union County Vocational Technical Schools

Obesity
Health Conditions
Do Now
Answer the following questions on your
note page.
Does America have an obesity problem?
Is it an epidemic?
What percentage US adults do you think
are overweight, obese or severely obese?
Obesity Facts - What is your reaction?
Obesity is the 2nd leading cause of
preventable death after smoking
About 69% of adults in the US are
overweight or obese(2012)
About 35.1% are obese (2012)
About 18.4% of adolescents are obese (2010)
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1986
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1987
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4”
person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1988
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1989
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1991
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1992
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1993
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1994
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1996
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1997
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1998
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2001
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2002
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2004
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2006
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2007
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2009
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2010
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults
by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2011
*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to
prevalence estimates before 2011.
WA
MT
OR
ME
ND
ID
MN
VT
SD
WI
IA
NE
NV
PA
IL
UT
CO
KS
CA
AZ
OK
NM
TX
OH
IN
WV
MO
KY
VA
NC
TN
AR
SC
MS
AK
NY
MI
WY
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
DC
AL
GA
LA
FL
HI
GUAM
15%–<20%
20%–<25%
25%–<30%
PR
30%–<35%
≥35%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults
by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2012
*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to
prevalence estimates before 2011.
WA
MT
OR
ME
ND
ID
MN
VT
SD
WI
IA
NE
NV
PA
IL
UT
CO
KS
CA
AZ
OK
NM
TX
OH
IN
WV
MO
KY
VA
NC
TN
AR
SC
MS
AK
NY
MI
WY
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
DC
AL
GA
LA
FL
HI
GUAM
15%–<20%
20%–<25%
25%–<30%
PR
30%–<35%
≥35%
Prevalence* of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults
by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2013
*Prevalence estimates reflect BRFSS methodological changes started in 2011. These estimates should not be compared to
prevalence estimates before 2011.
WA
MT
OR
ME
ND
ID
MN
VT
SD
WI
IA
NE
NV
PA
IL
UT
CO
KS
CA
AZ
OK
NM
TX
OH
IN
WV
MO
KY
VA
NC
TN
AR
SC
MS
AK
NY
MI
WY
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
DC
AL
GA
LA
FL
HI
GUAM
15%–<20%
20%–<25%
25%–<30%
PR
30%–<35%
≥35%
Overweight? Obese? Morbidly Obese?
Defined simply as too much body fat
Simply classified using BMI
Why BMI?
Using BMI
Body Mass Index=
(Weight in pounds/Height in inches2) x 703
Quick assessment of a person’s weight
relative to their height
Can be misleading for some…
Used to determine if a person is
overweight, obese or severely (morbidly)
obese
Overweight, Obesity, Severe Obesity
Defined simply as too much body fat
For Adults (19+):
Overweight= BMI 25 to 29.9
Obesity Class 1= BMI 30 to 34.9
Obesity Class 2= BMI 35 to 39.9
Severe Obesity Class 3= BMI 40+
Overweight, Obesity, Severe Obesity
For children and adolescents:
The American Obesity Association uses
percentiles of BMI to determine classification
85th percentile of BMI for overweight and the
95th percentile for obesity.
Obesity problems are likely to persist into
adulthood
Causes of Obesity
What are some causes of obesity?
Modifiable causes:
Environment
Behavior
Non-Changeable cause:
Genetics
Effects of Obesity
Both Body and Mind are affected
At higher BMIs, there is found to be
greater risk for:
Hypertension
Heart Disease
Type 2 Diabetes
Cancer
Breast
Esophagus
Colorectal
Effects of Obesity
Arthritis
Breathing Problems
Asthma
Sleep Apnea
Problems in pregnancy
*Psychosocial Effects & Stigma
Relationship Between
Media & Weight Issues
Over half of Americans are overweight.
Media encourages what?
What is the real healthy option?
Messages in the Media
Do Now
Page 3 of Notes
Make a list of weight loss/ management
recommendations. Separate the ones you
believe to be healthy recommendations.
Calorie Facts
1 pound= 3500 calories
Whopper= 670 calories in
An Orange= 60 calories in
140 lbs person running 6mph
for 30 minutes= 319 calories out
Calories in + Calories out= Net calories
-500 net calories/day = -1 lb/week
Shouldn’t lose more than 2 lbs/week
Healthy Weight Management
Recommendations… Overall
Recognize your unique body.
Have realistic, healthy expectations
Make health a lifestyle.
Healthy Weight Management
Recommendations… Healthy Eating
Identify the problem in your eating habits.
High-calorie snacking, mood-related eating,
weekend lapses
Start a food diary.
Eliminate temptation.
Eat breakfast and don’t skip meals.
Healthy Weight Management
Recommendations… Healthy Eating
Eat small portions more often rather than
few big meals.
Eat slowly.
Eat a well balanced diet.
Drink lots of water.
Healthy Weight Management
Recommendations… Exercise
Make exercise a priority.
Be consistent with exercise.
30 minutes most days of the week
60 minutes most days for weight loss
Determine what exercise you like.
Healthy Weight Management
Recommendations… Exercise
Keep things interesting and challenge
yourself.
Be accountable.
Get a partner
Let people know
Combine Cardio and Strength Training
Listen to your body.
Healthy Weight Management
Recommendations
Have a healthy outlook.
Showing up and/or starting
Law of attraction
The Other Extreme
Anorexia Nervosa
Characterized by low body weight and distorted
self image
Bulimia Nervosa
Characterized by periods of splurging and then
purging
Coming Up
Quiz on Obesity and Weight Control
begin Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease
Health Conditions
Cardiovascular Disease
A class of diseases that involve the heart
and/or blood vessels
Usually refers to atherosclerosis or
coronary artery disease
Atherosclerosis- disease affecting arterial
blood vessels. Hardening
of arteries caused by
formation of plaques
within arteries
Terminology
Angina- chest pain due to ischemia
Ischemia- lack of blood flow and therefore
oxygen supply
Myocardium- muscle tissue of the heart
Myocardial Infarction- heart attack
Risk Factors
 Family History
 Age- men 45+, women 55+
 Gender- men at greater risk
 Smoking- current or quit w/in 6 months
 Hypertension - High Blood Pressure
 Hypercholesterolemia - High Cholesterol
 Diabetes or High Blood Sugar
 Sedentary Lifestyle
Modifiable?
Put an X next to the risk factors that can
be modified in order to prevent
cardiovascular disease
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance made
naturally in our bodies. We need
cholesterol because it helps to form or
repair cell membranes, some hormones,
vitamin D and other tissues.
Where does it come from?
The two sources of cholesterol are the
1. Liver
2. Food
The body produces 80% of the cholesterol it needs.
The cholesterol in our blood is manufactured by the
liver in our bodies. The remaining 20% comes
from the food we eat.
Diet
Lowers blood cholesterol levels
Raises blood cholesterol levels
Heart Attack Questions






What is the main function of the heart?
Increased amounts of cholesterol lead to fat-filled
growths called _________________.
What causes the natural, regular beating of the human
heart?
What forms around the ruptured membranes of
plaques during a heart attack?
During a heart attack, heart cells stop beating and
eventually die due to a lack of ________________.
How soon after a heart attack must victims be treated?

What is the main function of the heart?


Increased amounts of cholesterol lead to fat-filled
growths called _________________.


Pump oxygenated blood around the body delivering it to tissues
Plaques
What causes the natural, regular beating of the human
heart?

Electrical wave

What forms around the ruptured membranes of
plaques during a heart attack?


During a heart attack, heart cells stop beating and
eventually die due to a lack of ________________.


Blood clots
oxygen
How soon after a heart attack must victims be treated?

As quickly as possible, within 20 mins.
Coming Up
 Quiz next class
none
 Next Class
Heart Attack Review
Heart Attack
Symptoms
Heart Attack
Immediate Care and
Treatment
Heart Attack Symptoms
 Onset is usually gradual, over several minutes
 Chest pain
 Pain radiating to the left arm
 Pain in lower jaw, neck, back, abdomen
 Shortness of breath
 Sweating, weakness, nausea
 *1/3 of heart attacks are silent w/ no symptoms
Immediate Care
Call for help
Open window and loosen collar to help
breathing
Take an aspirin- prevents blood clot
Follow general first aid principles- monitor
pulse, breathing, consciousness
Prepare for CPR and AED
Treatment
Preventative Lifestyle Changes
Smoking Cessation
Cardiovascular Exercise
Healthy Diet- low in fats and cholesterol
Medications
Blood Pressure Reducing Meds
Aspirin to prevent blood clotting
Cholesterol lowering drugs
Treatment
Surgery
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Arteries or veins are grafted from the aorta to the
coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic
narrowings to supply blood to the heart muscle
 http://www.webmd.com/heart/video/coronary-bypass
Angioplasty
A wire with a balloon catheter is passed from the
femoral artery in the leg to the coronary artery of
concern. When the balloon is inflated, it
compresses plaque and stretches the artery wall
to expand it.
 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-angioplasty/MM00048
The Facts
In the US, diseases of the heart are the
leading cause of death
1,200,000 people suffer from a coronary
attack every year. 40% of them will die as
a result. About every 65 seconds, an
American dies of a coronary event.
Coming Up
 Quiz next class
Know how much of
your cholesterol needs
that your body makes
2 risk factors you can
modify, 2 you can’t
modify
Know Heart attack
video questions
2 warning signs of a
heart attack
2 multiple choice
questions on surgeries
 Next Class
Diabetes
Diabetes
Health Conditions
Diabetes
A metabolic disorder characterized by
hyperglycemia or high blood sugar
There are 23.6 million people in the United
States, or 8% of the population, who have
diabetes. -ADA
One in every three children born in the year
2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime.- JAMA
Insulin Importance
 Glucose is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and
insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells
 When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going
into cells, it can cause two problems:
 Right away, your cells may be starved for energy.
 Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes,
kidneys, nerves or heart.
Three types
Type 1
Type 2
Gestational Diabetes
Similar signs, symptoms, and
consequences
Different causes and population
distributions
Type 1
 The body destroys
the pancreatic beta
cells that produce
insulin
 No cure, but
treatable- take insulin
and monitor
Gestational Diabetes
involves insulin resistance
Hormones of pregnancy cause insulin
resistance in some
Resolves with delivery
Type 2
Also called non-insulin dependent
diabetes, adult-onset diabetes, or obesity
related diabetes
Most common form
Tissue-wide insulin resistance
Sometimes progresses to loss of beta cell
function and not enough insulin produced
No cure, but treatable
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Risk Factors
 Genetic Factors
 More common in:
 African Americans
 Latinos
 Native Americans
 Asian Americans





Obesity
Sedentary Lifestyle
Age
High BP
High Cholesterol
Signs and Symptoms
 Frequent urination
 Increased thirst
 Increased appetite
 Blurred vision
 Fatigue
 Slow healing
infections
Signs/ Tests
Fasting Blood Glucose Level
Higher than 126 mg/dL on 2 occasions
Non-fasting Glucose Level
Over 200 mg/dL and symptoms
Treatment
No Cure
2 Main Treatment Goals
Reduction of mortality
Preservation of quality of life
Adjust diet and exercise
Oral anti-diabetic drugs
Treatment
 Must Learn
How to test and record blood
glucose
What to eat and when
How to take medications
How to recognize and treat low
or high blood sugar
How to handle sick days
Where to get supplies and how
to store them
Watch Out For
 Eye problems
 Kidney Failure
 Nerve damage
 Heart Disease
 Stroke
 Foot Problems
Must check feet regularly
 In people with diabetes,
prolonged high blood sugar
levels are linked with damage
to the nerves in the feet. Nerve
damage can cause loss of
sensation as well as deformities
of the feet.
 Poor blood flow to the feet is
also common in people with
diabetes, and this slows the
wound healing process and
increases the risk of infection
and amputation.
Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wounds
Coming Up
 Quiz next class
What diabetes is
What 3 types do and
do not have in
common
2 Signs and symptoms
2 ways of treating or
managing diabetes
3 long term issues/
possible problems
 Next Class
Start Sex Ed