Transcript Graphic Communication

Graphic Communication
Flowcharts
Pictograms
Presenting Data
Flow Charts
Flow charts are used to explain a
process that needs to be
followed.
You simply follow the arrows to
see what you have to do next.
The chart is used to check that
no stage is missed, or that the
order is correct.
When a decision is made that will
result in a yes or no answer, a
loop is put into the system. This is
called a Feedback Loop.
Depending on the answer, the
flow may either continue straight
or ‘loop’ back to a previous
stage where some adjustments
need to be made.
Don’t tidy
your room!
Flow Charts
Terminal
Is used at the beginning and the end of a flowchart.
Process
This is used to say what you are doing & what the
process involves.
Decision
This is used where you need to make a decision.
Input/output
This is used when you add or remove something.
Adjustment/Preparation
This is used when you make an adjustment.
On/Off
Used to connect the flowchart over two pages.
Activity
Draw out a flow chart for making a hot drink. Include
inputs, processes, output and feedback loops.
Symbols, Pictograms & Ideograms
Symbols, Pictograms and Ideograms are simple and easy to understand with out
the use of text.
Symbols
Symbols are used to communicate information. There are three different types of
symbols.
1. Enactive/Active – These show something happening.
2. Iconic/Pictorial – These are often called pictograms.
3. Symbolic/Abstract – These represent a concept. For example the five Olympic
rings represent the five inhabited continents of the world.
1 - Enactive/Active
2 – Iconic/Pictorial
3 - Symbolic/Abstract
Symbols, Pictograms & Ideograms
Pictograms
Pictograms are simple stylized pictures
which relate a message to other people.
They use block/contrasting colour and are
wordless. This eliminates the need for people
to read the language to understand the
information.
They are commonly used in public places
and packaging.
Ideograms
Ideograms are similar to Pictograms, but
they are less stylized and can be
complicated. People have used this
communication since the Egyptians began
to use hieroglyphics and cave dwellers
began to paint on the cave walls.
Ideograms also use pictures without words
to communicate the information.
Presenting Data
When data is collected it needs to collated and analysed. Putting the numbers into
a table can make it very difficult to read. In order to display the data in a more
understandable way it is usually converted into a graphical form. Data can be
presented in a variety of ways:
Bar Charts
Bar charts are used to show comparisons between data, they show the
relative size of each category of data in a visual way.
Pie Charts
Pie charts are used to show proportions within the data. The data
needs to be converted into a percentage of the total to show
segments of a circle that look like slices of a pie.
Line Graphs
Line Graphs are used to show changes in data. For example, if you visit
someone in hospital you will see the changes in their temperature recorded
in a line graph. You must make sure the ‘constant’ data, such as months, are
displayed along the bottom, and the ‘variable’ data, such as sales figures
are on the vertical axis.
Pictographs
Pictographs are similar to bar charts but they use symbols to represent the
data. This makes it easier to understand because the symbols show what
the data refers.
Presenting Data
Task: Present the data shown below in a pictograph.
Mode of transport
Car
Bike
Walk
Bus
Combination
Favourite Take Away
Pizza
Indian
Fish & Chips
Kebab
Chinese
Number of people
5
3
4
3
2
Number of people
2
4
6
1
8