Transcript Folie 1 - PEMPAL

PEMPAL Workshop
Istanbul; Feburary 25, 2008
The Value Added of IPSAS
Prof Andreas Bergmann
[email protected]
Robin Braun
[email protected]
Building Competence. Crossing Borders.
The Value Added of IPSAS
Content
 Overview on IPSAS
 Implementation of IPSAS
 REPF-Toolkit and Report
 Conclusion: Sequencing of Reforms
 Appendix: List of Accrual IPSAS
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Overview on IPSAS
Mission
 Establish and promote adherence to high quality professional
standards
 Further the international convergence of such standards
 With the intention of the public organizations of the whole world
 In the optics of the financial statements of general use
 Speak out on public interest issues where the profession’s voice
is most relevant
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Overview on IPSAS (2)
Rationale of Accounting Reforms
 Accounting = Basis of decisions
 Development decisions in particular
- Infrastructure
- Networks
- Public services
 Judgment by decision makers requires identical standards
 Credibility increase
 Education facilitated
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Overview on IPSAS (3)
Value added of Cash based IPSAS
 1 Standard Cash Basis
Advantages:
 Full coverage of all cash transactions
 Consolidation
Disadvantages:
 Too basic for countries which are on modified accrual
 Scope of consolidation is controversial
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Overview on IPSAS (4)
Value added of Accrual based IPSAS
 26 Standards Accrual Basis
Advantages:
 Economic situation and flows
 Resource allocation
 Similar to GFS
 Risks
Disadvantage:
 Leap for many countries
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Overview on IPSAS (5)
Country A
Cash based
IPSAS
Step 1
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Accrual
based IPSAS
Country B
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Step 2
Step 3
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2-й этап
IPSAS - International Public Sector Accounting Standards / Международные стандарты бухгалтерского учета в государственном секторе
IPSAS по полному
методу начисления
внедрены
1-й этап
IPSAS по полному
методу начисления
(продвинутая
стадия)
IPSAS по полному
методу начисления
в процессе
внедрения (ранняя
стадия)
Модифицированный
метод начисления.
Стандарты
отсутствуют / но
имеются
IPSAS по кассовому
методу внедрены
IPSAS по кассовому
методу в процессе
внедрения
Кассовый метод.
Стандарты
отсутствуют / но
имеются
национальные
правила-инструкции
IPSAS по
методу
начисления
Страна B
IPSAS по
кассовому
методу
Страна A
Questionnaire (Russian)
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3-й этап
Overview on IPSAS (6)
Structure of IPSAS
 Recognition
 Measurement
 Disclosure
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Overview on IPSAS (7)
Organization of the IPSAS-Board
 18 members
 President M. Mike Hathorne (Scottish/GB)
 3 meetings of 4 days per year, English language
 At least one phase of consultation („Exposure Draft“)
 Qualified majorities required (2/3, 3/4)
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Two ways to implement IPSAS
Direct or indirect implementation
IPSAS
Legislation referring
to IPSAS
National accounting
standards
Legislation referring to
national accounting
standards
Accounting
Manual
Implementation
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REPF Report on the Enhancement of Public
Sector Financial Reporting - Toolkit
Diagnostic Tool 1 – Assessment of the Public
Sector Accounting Environment
Diagnostic Tool 2 – Assessment of the
Accounting Standards as Designed
Diagnostic Tool 3 – Assessment of Actual
Accounting Practices
Diagnostic Tool 4 – Assessment of potential incountry value added of adopting the various
concepts underlying and specific standards that
comprise IPSAS to the extent that they are not
already incorporated into the national standards
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REPF Report on the Enhancement of Public Sector
Financial Reporting - Toolkit
How to use the tools
 Four different, qualitative questionnaires
 To be used in interviews conducted by the prepares of the
report
 Necessary: knowledge of public sector accounting and
reporting
 Advantage: knowledge of IPSAS
 Recommendation: use of local consultant
 Interviews with responsible persons
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REPF - Diagnostic Tool 1
Content Diagnostic Tool 1
 I Statutory Framework
 II Academic Education, Professional Education, Training
 III Setting Accounting Standards
 IV Budget System
 V Government Financial Statistics (GFS)
 VI Monitoring and Enforcement
 VII Quality and Availability of Financial Reporting
 VIII Information Technology
 IX Country Data
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REPF - Diagnostic Tool 2
Content Diagnostic Tool 2
 Comparison of the existing National Standards to the IPSAS
 IPSAS as a benchmark
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REPF - Diagnostic Tool 3
Content Diagnostic Tool 3
 No purpose-built questionnaire
 Instead, diagnostic tool 2 may be used, if IPSAS like
situation is to be assessed
• Tool based on local standards needs to be devised otherwise
 Assessment should include organizations other than the one
responsible for public sector financial accounting and
reporting
 Analysis of financial reports even if they are audited!
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REPF - Diagnostic Tool 4
Content Diagnostic Tool 4
 I Relevant Gaps in Accounting between IPSAS‘ and NPSAS –
Value added due to Accounting Effects
 II Value Added due to Reputation Effects
 III Value Added due to Training Effects
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REPF Report – Content
Content
 I Introduction
 II Institutional Framework
 III Accounting Standards as Designed
 IV Accounting Standards as Practiced
 V In-country value added
 VI Recommendations
 A Appendix
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Conclusion: Sequencing of Reforms
 Countries are at different stages of development
 There is NO uniform pattern of development
 Accrual IPSAS widely accepted as „Gold Standard“, but too
challenging in the short run
thus
 Sequencing of reforms in Public Sector Accounting
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Conclusion: Sequencing of Reforms
Sequencing of reforms in Public Sector Accounting
 REPF to analyse gaps and decide on milestones/steps
• Not just about accounting, enablers (education, IT etc.) also
need to be addressed
 There is more than one step towards Accrual Basis IPSAS
• Either from Cash Basis IPSAS, but not necessarily;
• Or from Modified Accrual.
 Tentatively sequencing order
• Enablers
• Groups of Standards on similar issues
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Appendix
Overview on IPSAS - Current Standards
Accrual Accounting Standards (2007)
IPSAS 1 –
Presentation of Financial Statements
IPSAS 2 –
Cash Flow Statements
IPSAS 3 –
Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
IPSAS 4 –
The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
IPSAS 5 –
Borrowing Costs
IPSAS 6 –
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
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Appendix
Overview on IPSAS - Current Standards (2)
IPSAS 7 –
Investments in Associates
IPSAS 8 –
Interests in Joint Ventures
IPSAS 9 –
Revenue from Exchange Transactions
IPSAS 10 –
Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies
IPSAS 11 –
Construction Contracts
IPSAS 12 –
Inventories
IPSAS 13 –
Leases
IPSAS 14 –
Events After the Reporting Date
IPSAS 15 –
Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation
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Appendix
Overview on IPSAS - Current Standards (3)
IPSAS 16 –
Investment Property
IPSAS 17 –
Property, Plant and Equipment
IPSAS 18 –
Segment Reporting
IPSAS 19 –
Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
IPSAS 20 –
Related Party Disclosures
IPSAS 21 –
Impairment of Non-Cash Generating Assets
IPSAS 22 –
Disclosure of Information About the General Government Sector
IPSAS 23 –
Revenue from Non-Exchange Transactions
(Taxes and Transfers)
IPSAS 24 –
Presentation of Budget Information in Financial Statements
IPSAS 25 -
Employee Benefits
IPSAS 26 -
Impairment of Cash-generating assets
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