Transcript Continuous and Perfect Tenses

Continuous and Perfect Tenses
Present Continuous Tense
 The present continuous tense is used to describe actions or
conditions that are taking place at the present time, and for
a period of time which includes the present time.
 Time markers generally used for present time are: now,
this moment, these days, nowadays, or simply use the
continuous tense in a sentence.
 The formula of present continuous tense: Subject + verb
to be (is, am, are) + verb (type I) + ing
Examples:
 The virus diseases are attacking citrus farm in Kumpeh
Ulu, Jambi.
 Farmers in Kayu Aro are growing potatoes, carrots and
other vegetables.
 The extension officer is presenting the methods of
making compost.
 Budi is doing intercropping between lettuce and baby
corn.
 I am cultivating my land by using hand-tractor.
Past Continuous Tense
 The past continuous tense is seldom used alone in a sentence.
This type of tense is usually used in combination with an event
in the past, which is stated or simply implied.
 The formula of past continuous tense: Subject + verb to be
(was, were) + verb (type I) + ing.
Examples:
 For an action happening in the past:
Tono was spraying the rice field with insecticides.
 For two actions happening at the same time in the past:
Tono was spraying the rice field while his wife was
clearing the weeds.
 For two actions happening in the past, one was continuing while
the other interrupted:
Tono and his wife were working the rice field when the
flood suddenly came yesterday.
Present Perfect Tense
 For a completed action or state at an indefinite time in the
past. The time markers usually used are: just, already,
yet, not yet, etc.
 For an action or state that has continued for a period of
time, from the point in the past until the present time
(past-to-present). The time markers used are: since, for,
so far, up to now, in all (time), until now, etc.
 The formula of present perfect tense: Subject + have/has
+ verb (type III).
Examples:
 Ani has taken the Agricultural Extension course for nearly
one semester.
 Mr. Madjid has already sold his farm products in the local
market with a good price.
 I have learned the breeding of tropical vegetables through
genetic engineering since many years.
 Anton and Susan have demonstrated the techniques of
plant propagation by vegetative methods.
 Some horticultural products have been rotten during
transportation from field to market due to high
temperature.
Past Perfect Tense
 The past perfect tense is used to show an action that was
completed before a particular event that also took place in
the past.
 In a sentence, the past perfect tense is generally combined
with a past tense, since both refer to events in the past. The
time markers usually used in this combination are:
before, after or when.
 The formula of past perfect tense: Subject + had + verb
(type III).
Examples:
 Jono had sold his buffaloes before he bought a handtractor for cultivating the rice field.
 Farmers in our village had cleared the weeds, bush and
other materials before they cultivated the land using a
hand-tractor.
 They sprayed the pesticide after the aphids had attacked
their tomato crops.
 My uncle grew soybean after he had harvested the
cabbages.
 The birds had left when the farmer put up the scarecrow.
Sentence Transformation
Present and Past Continuous Tenses
 To transform sentences in the form of present and past
continuous tenses into a negative, simply put the word not
after the verb to be; and
 To transform the sentences into an interrogative, you
should place the verb to be in the front of the statement (at
the beginning of the sentence before the subject) or use the
question words.
Sentence Transformation for Present and Past Perfect
Tense
 To transform sentences in the form of present and past
continuous tenses into a negative, simply put the word not
after the verb to be; and
 To transform the sentences into an interrogative, you
should place the verb to be in the front of the statement (at
the beginning of the sentence before the subject) or use the
question words.
 Assignment
My family and I ……….. (fly) from Jakarta to Sidney on Qantas
Airlines last year, and we ……….. (watch) a movie on the
aircraft during the travel. This movie shows us the lives of
farmers in a small town in Western Australia. There ………..
(to be) a man ……….. (stand) on nearby a shade. He ………..
(wear) a blue shirt and a striping jumper. The man ………..
(watch) his workers work in his farm by using modern
equipments, such as tractors, drying machine, silos. Some
people ……….. (harvest) wheat crops using harvesting
tractors, while some others ……….. (unload) the harvested
wheat from tractors and ……….. (take) them to the silos for
storage. While their parents ……….. (work) on the field, the
children ……….. (play) hide-and-seek in the hay. They ………..
(run) here and there happily. I think they ……….. (to be)
really ……….. (enjoy) their lives as farmers.