Transcript Slide 1
WHS AP Psychology Unit 8: Motivation, Emotion and Stress Essential Task 8-5: Apply the motivational theories to describe human drives for contact, aggression, achievement, and affiliation Drive Reduction Theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Human Drives Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Motivation We are here Arousal Theory Motivation Theories Motivation & Emotion Explain complex motives Stress Effects (eating, aggression, achievement and sex) Theories of Emotion James-Lange Cannon-Bard Measures Sources Opponent Process Cognitive Appraisal Schachter two-factor Coping Essential Task 8-5: Outline • Apply the motivational theories to describe human drives for – – – – Contact Aggression Achievement Affiliation We need CONTACT • Harry Harlow and the orphaned monkeys • Surrogate Mother 1 – Wire mesh, food, and warmth. • Surrogate Mother 2 – Cuddles, warmth but no food. Outline Application of Harlow’s research Aggression • Behavior that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on others. • Freud saw it as a innate drive (thanatos) that builds up until released. • Society helps channel release into acceptable outlets (sports, debates, video games) • Frustration can increase aggression Cultural differences in Aggression Cultural differences in Aggression Gender Differences: Aggression Gender differences in Aggression Why? • Testosterone? – Can be associated with aggressiveness and irritability – Would explain how this patter is seen throughout cultures • Societal influences? Achievement • Work orientation – Desire to work hard to do a good job • Mastery – Take on difficult challenges just to get better • Competitiveness – Enjoyment of pitting one’s skills against those of other people (this can hurt you and your groups though) Who achieves? • Characteristics of those who achieve – Fast learners – Overcome mental sets – Driven to live up to high internal standards – Self confident – Take on responsibilities – don’t bow to social pressures Affiliation • The need to be with other people • Increases when we feel threatened • Reduce fear and anxiety • Evolutionary benefit