Transcript AP World History Chapter 33

AP World History
Chapter 33
Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
in the Era of Independence
• The Colonial
Divisions of
Africa and the
Emergence of
New Nations
• The Partition
of South Asia:
The Formation
of India,
Pakistan,
Bangladesh,
and Sri Lanka
The Population Bomb
• Population control difficult
– cultural factors
– high mortality rates
Parasitic Cities and Endangered
Ecosystems
• Towns
– Slums become permanent
– towns parasitic
Women's Subordination and the Nature of
Feminist Struggles in the Postcolonial Era
• Indira Gandhi
– Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India.
The World's second longest serving female Prime Minister
as of 2012. She was the first woman to become prime
minister in India.
• Corazon Aquino
– The 11th President of the the Philippines and the first
women to hold that. She led the 1986 People Power
Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored
democracy in the Philippines. She was named "Woman of
the Year" in 1986 by Time
• Benazir Bhutto
– 11 Prime Minister of Pakistan and founder of the Pakistan
People’s Party.
Charismatic
Populists and
One-Party Rule
Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana
• Soviet support
• Cocoa, cash crop
• Deposed, 1966
Military Responses:
Dictatorships and Revolutions
Muslim Brotherhood
• Hasan al-Banna
Free Officers, 1930s
• Nationalistic
• Gamal Abdul Nasser
– Allied with Muslim Brotherhood
Nasser
• Land redistribution
• Free education
• Food staples regulated
• Forced British from Canal zone
• Israel
– Six-Day War, 1967
Anwar Sadat
• Negotiations with Israel
Hosni Mubarak
The Indian Alternative:
Development for Some of the People
Indian National Congress
• Social reform
• Economic development
• Democracy
• Civil rights
Jawaharlal Nehru
• 1st Indian Prime Minister
• Green Revolution
– Agrarian Reform
• Private investment
Iran: Religious Revivalism and the Rejection of
the West
Pahlavi shahs
• Modernization
• Alienates religious leaders
• Overthrown by Khomeini, 1978
Ayatollah Khomeini
• Similar to Mahdi
• The Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven,
nine or nineteen years before the Day of Judgment, the Day of
Resurrection) and will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice and tyranny.
Radical reform
• Sharia law
• Opposition suppressed
• Women more restricted
War with Iraq
• 1988, peace
South Africa: The Apartheid State and Its Demise
Nationalist Party
• Afrikaner
• 1948 elections
• Afrikaner rule
Opposition, 1960s
Economic, political pressure, 1980s
Mandela freed, 1990
Independence, 1960
Apartheid
• complete separation
• African National Congress
outlawed
• Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela,
Steve Biko
Elections, 1994
• Mandela president
Comparisons of Emerging Nations Patterns
• Some reflect traditions
• Depends on continuity of native culture