Transcript Conclusion of the Seven Years’ War

Treaty of Paris
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The war continued for another
three years after the Battle on
the Plains of Abraham.
The capture of Quebec
brought about the end of the
French empire in North
America.
New France was transferred
to Britain by the Treaty of
Paris in 1763.
England now controlled a vast
area of North America,
including the rich fur lands of
the Ohio Valley and the Great
Lakes.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjIC
MQM0NUE
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98dI
WjGVDJ4&NR=1
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Pontiac’s Rebellion
The Treaty of Paris did not
include any negotiations with
the Aboriginal Peoples of
Canada.
 As far as they were concerned,
they were still at war. They
were partners with the French
in the fur trade and allies with
them during the war. The
French treated them as
partners and were not
interested in their land.
 The British were expanding
their territories into their land.
They came to settle and
change the hunting grounds to
farms. The native way of life
was in danger.
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Pontiac’s Rebellion
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The Ottawa warriors gathered in a council
of war to hear Pontiac’s message.
“Why do you allow the white man to live
among you? Why do you forget the ways of
your ancestors? Why do you not become
true Indians once more?”
“You have bought guns, knives, kettles and
blankets from the white men. Now you
think you cannot do without them. What is
worse, you have drunk the poison firewater
that turns you into fools.”
“Fling all these things away. Clothe
yourselves in skins, and use the bows and
arrows, like your ancestors did.”
“As for these English, you must lift the
hatchet against them!”
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In what way did
the Pontiac
blame his own
followers for the
problems they
faced?
What two
actions did he
urge them to
take in order to
solve their
problems.
Pontiac’s
Rebellion
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Several Indian chiefs and
spiritual leaders decided
to combat European
colonization.
They attacked the settlers
for 5 weeks
By June of 1763,
Pontiac’s multi-tribal
alliance controlled nine of
the twelve British held
forts west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
Pontiac's War Region
Pontiac’s Rebellion & Germ Warfare
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Lord Jeffrey Amherst was commanding general
of British forces in North America during the final
battles
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Despite his fame, Jeffrey Amherst's name
became tarnished by stories of smallpox-infected
blankets used as germ warfare against the
natives.
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The smallpox incident happened when two
representatives of the Delaware tribe parleyed
with Captain Simeon Ecuyer of Fort Pitt. He told
them he would not surrender the fort.
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There were 500 people--most of them soldiers-inside Fort Pitt, and smallpox had broken out.
As Ecuyer concluded his meeting with the
Delaware men, he offered them gifts-including
two blankets and a handkerchief from the fort's
smallpox ward
Pontiac’s Rebellion &
Germ Warfare
Stated in a letter... Captain
Simeon Ecuyer had bought time
by sending smallpox-infected
blankets and handkerchiefs to the
Indians surrounding the fort.
This was an early example of
biological warfare -- which started
an epidemic among them.
Amherst himself had encouraged
this tactic in a letter to Ecuyer.
Pontiac’s
Rebellion
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Despite the fact that
British reinforcements retook the forts, King
George issued a
proclamation forbidding
colonists from settling
west of the mountains.
The Royal Proclamation
of 1763 upset crowded
colonists hungry for more
land, pushing America
closer to Revolution.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Although the British were
victorious against the Native
American forces in the Great
Lakes region, the engagement
had its cost in lives lost, supplies
and weapons bought, and
salaries paid out.
 The British were already deeply
in debt as a result of the recently
won war. The crown owed 146
million pounds in 1763.
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The Office of James Murray
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Governor of the colony in Quebec
Four possible plans of the British after
the war:
 Expulsion: Remove all French settlers
from Quebec
 Anglicization: Change the way of life of
the French so they would think, talk and
act like English people.
 French System: Keep Quebec much as
it had been under French control. Hope
the French would accept British rule.
 Separation: Divide Quebec into separate
parts – one for French (who were already
present), one for English (willing to move
in).
The Royal Proclamation of 1763:
Anglicization
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At first, the colony of Quebec was to
be given an English lifestyle.
Governor Murray was ordered the
change over to English laws,
language, schools, churches and
government.
Quebec was to be like Britain’s other
colonies in North America.
The English were forbidden to claim
land beyond the Proclamation Line
(western limit).
The fur traders had to have licenses
before going into native territory.
British  Proclamation
Line of 1763.
The Quebec Act: 1774
Sir Guy Carleton becomes governor
 He believes that in order for the Quebec
colony to be loyal to Britain, they must be
satisfied with the government.
 The appointed council was increased in
numbers, and the French were included.
 Roman Catholics were now allowed to be
councillors, civil servants, judges etc.
 Much of the law remained French.
 The seigneurial system was secure.
 The idea of Anglicization seemed to die off.
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The Quebec Act: 1774
It increased the size of the colony, which
seemed like a barrier to the 13 colonies
that were expanding.
 To the 13 colonies, it becomes the last
Intolerable Act and becomes one of the
causes of the American Revolution
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