Transcript Growth and Development

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Rakesh Kumar Patel
Department of physical education
Govt. D.B.Girls College, Raipur
Early
Childhood
Pre-School age
3-5 years
Identify
the general characteristics (biological
development) of preschool.
Discuss the developmental theories according to
Erickson, Piaget and Freud for preschool.
Mention needs of preschool child.
Identify problems related to preschoolchild.
Discuss the common health promotion of preschool
child.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
The combined biological,
psychosocial, cognitive, spiritual, and social
achievements during the preschool period (3 5years of age) prepare preschoolers for their
most significant change in lifestyle and
entrance into school.
BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
 The
rate of physical growth slows and
stabilizes during the preschool years.
A
healthy pre-school is
slender (thin), attractive and
has good posture.
BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
 By
the end of preschool period, the child
appear to be thin and tall.
 Children
gain muscular
coordination, which enables
them to explore the physical
environment.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
Weight:
 The average weight gain during
preschool age is 2.3kg/year.
 Average
weight at 5 years 18.7kg. or
double the weight of one year of age.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
Height:
 Growth in height averages
(6.25 to 7.5cm)per year.
 Average
height at 5 years 110cm, or
double the birth length.
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
Head
circumference is not
routinely measured at physical
assessments on children over 2
years of age.
TEETH
 Children
generally have all 20 of
their deciduous teeth by 2.5 - 3
years of age. Rarely do new
teeth erupt during the preschool
period.
PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH
Temperature……….36.5 – 37C.
 Pulse Rate………… 90 -110b/min.
 Respiratory Rate……20c/m.
 Blood Pressure……... 100/60 mm Hg.

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL
CHILD
At 3 Years:
 Can
wash hands.
 Can feed himself well.
 Build a tower of 9-10 blocks.
 Can go to toilet.
 Begins to use a scissor.
 Can ride a tricycle.
 Go up stairs.
 Stand on one foot for a few seconds.
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL
CHILD (CONT.)
At 4 Years:
 Can jump well, goes up and down stairs.
 Can brush his teeth, lace
his shoes.
 Can copy a square.
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL
CHILD (CONT.)
At 5 Years:
Can use scissor well.
 Drew a recognizable picture of a man.
 Can dress himself without assistance.
 Can wash himself without wetting his
clothes.
 Can balance on one foot for about 8
seconds.

MENTAL OR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT “PIAGET”
 Preoperational
development(2-7 years).
 Child can use language and has a
memory.
 Child can understand the meaning of
the past, present and the future.
continue
AT 3 YEARS
 Less
negativism.
 Few temper tantrums.
 Understand words better.
At 4 Years
 More noisy.
 Emotionally fluctuated.
 Stormy age.
continue
AT 5 YEARS
 Comfortable
age.
 Take more responsibility for his actions.
 Still needs guidance from adults.
 Develop personality.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (FREUD)
 The
phallic stage extend from 3-7
years and child’s pleasure center
on the genitalia &masturbation.
continue
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (FREUD)

During the phallic stage, the child
experienced what the Freud termed “the
Oedipal conflict" marked by jealousy toward
the same sex parent and love the opposite
sex parent and resolved in the late of
preschool period with a strong identification
with the same sex parent.
continue
Sexual Identify develops.
 Before answering a child question about
sex, clarify:
- What the child is really asking?
- What the child already thinks about the
specific subject?
 Answer questions about sex simply and
honestly, providing only information that the
child requests, additional details can come
later.

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT (ERIKSON)
Initiative vs. guilt.
The central problem of the child’s to
learn about the world and other people,
if he has the ability to solve this
problem, he will develop a sense of
initiative, if he fails to solve this
problem, he will acquire a sense of
guilt.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
At 3 Years
The average 3 years old says 900 words.
 Know whether he or she is a boy or a girl.
 Begins to be interest in colors.
 Know his family names.
 Speaks 3-4 words sentences.

continue
AT 4 YEARS
 The
average 4 years old says 1500 words.
 Tends to be selfish and impatient and
aggressive.
 Can name three objectives.
 Can repeat 4 numbers.
 Know how old he is.
 Can name one or more colors well.
continue
AT 5 YEARS
 The
average 5 years old says 2100 words.
 Can name 4 or more colors.
 Know names of days of the week and
months.
 Ask the meaning of words.
 The child needs regular interaction with age
mates to help develop social skills.
EFFECT OF BIRTH OF A SIBLING
 Any
environmental changes may have
traumatic effect on the child, the birth of
sibling is a change and deprives the older
child of some parent’s attention.
 The child feels loss of affection.
 He feels also rejected and may become
jealous.
continue
Effect of birth of a sibling
He usually shows his hostility to the new baby
openly and directly.
 He shown his hostility toward his mother in
different ways
 The mother should accept such temporary
behavior and must discuss with him the
difference between his needs and those of the
infant.

PROBLEMS OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILD
Thumb sucking
 Enuresis.
 Encopresis.
 Selfishness.
 Bad language.
 Hurting others.
 Masturbation.
 Destructiveness.

ANXIETY OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILD
 The
child commonly experiences
more fear & anxiety during the
preschool period than any other
time.
ANXIETY OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILD
Common causes of anxiety & fears
may arise from the environment.
Fear of dark, being left alone
especially at bedtime, animals, fear of
physical injury, separation from his
parents, loss of one parents or both,
fear of pain.
NEEDS OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILD
Love and security.
 Independence.
 Guidance.
 Sex information.
 Learning language.
 Religious information/education.
 Play (associative play).
Preschool years are the play years.

THANK YOU