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ADVANCED WORD POWER

Unit Three: Chapter 11

• aesthetic

• catalyst

• disparage

• ingratiate

• insipid

• peerless

• propriety

• virtuoso

• vitriolic

• whimsical

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 1

aesthetic

–

adjective

A vegetable garden not only is practical but has shining green peppers, red tomatoes, and purple eggplants are a beautiful sight.

aesthetic

value, too; the Your green plaid pants and orange flowered shirt do not make a very

aesthetic

combination.

Aesthetic

means

pleasing to the senses.

moral.

financial.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 1

aesthetic

–

adjective

A vegetable garden not only is practical but has shining green peppers, red tomatoes, and purple eggplants are a beautiful sight.

aesthetic

value, too; the Your green plaid pants and orange flowered shirt do not make a very

aesthetic

combination.

Aesthetic

means A. pleasing to the senses.

moral.

financial. The phrase beautiful sight suggests that gardens are pleasing to the sense plaid and flowered patterns would not be of sight. The combination of pleasing to the senses .

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 2

catalyst

–

noun

World War II was a

catalyst

for social change. When women took factory jobs, filling in for men who were away fighting, the concept of “women’s work” was permanently expanded. Seeing a friend die of an overdose was a

catalyst

to stop abusing drugs. for Herbert’s decision

Catalyst

means

something that causes or speeds up a process.

something that prevents a process.

something that is harmful.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 2

catalyst

–

noun

World War II was a

catalyst

for social change. When women took factory jobs, filling in for men who were away fighting, the concept of “women’s work” was permanently expanded. Seeing a friend die of an overdose was a

catalyst

to stop abusing drugs. for Herbert’s decision

Catalyst

means A. something that causes or speeds up a process.

something that prevents a process.

something that is harmful.

Because the war necessitated an expansion of “women’s work,” it was something that caused or speeded up the process of social change. The friend’s fatal overdose was something that caused or speeded up the process of Herbert’s decision to stop abusing drugs.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 3

disparage

–

verb

An ironclad rule of politics used to be “Never party.” For the sake of unity, party members weren’t supposed to criticize each other.

disparage

anyone in your “I’ve lost respect for Cheryl,” Shawna said. “She’ll pretend to be your friend, but then she’ll

disparage

you behind your back.”

Disparage

means

to discourage.

to say bad things about.

to ignore.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 3

disparage

–

verb

An ironclad rule of politics used to be “Never party.” For the sake of unity, party members weren’t supposed to criticize each other.

disparage

anyone in your “I’ve lost respect for Cheryl,” Shawna said. “She’ll pretend to be your friend, but then she’ll

disparage

you behind your back.”

Disparage

means

to discourage.

B. to say bad things about.

to ignore.

The word criticize means to say bad things about The phrase their backs.

someone or something. to be your friend is contrasted with Cheryl’s tendency say bad things about to people behind

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 4

ingratiate

–

verb

When he was stopped for speeding, Luke tried hard to with the officer by complimenting the police department, but he got a ticket anyway.

ingratiate

himself It’s sickening the way Howie

ingratiates

himself with his boss by agreeing with her about every little thing and telling her how wonderful she is.

Ingratiate

means

to argue with someone.

to flatter someone.

to make demands.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 4

ingratiate

–

verb

When he was stopped for speeding, Luke tried hard to with the officer by complimenting the police department, but he got a ticket anyway.

ingratiate

himself It’s sickening the way Howie

ingratiates

himself with his boss by agreeing with her about every little thing and telling her how wonderful she is.

Ingratiate

means

to argue with someone.

B. to flatter someone.

to make demands.

Paying a compliment to the police department is a way to flatter someone who works there (such as a police officer). Constantly agreeing with his boss and saying she is wonderful are two ways Howie tries to flatter someone who has authority over him.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 5

insipid

–

adjective

A French novelist once said, “A story without love is like beef without mustard—an

insipid

dish.” The cast tried hard to put some sparkle and zest into the play, but the script was so pointless and

insipid

that their efforts fell flat.

Insipid

means

disgusting.

inspiring.

boring.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 5

insipid

–

adjective

A French novelist once said, “A story without love is like beef without mustard—an

insipid

dish.” The cast tried hard to put some sparkle and zest into the play, but the script was so pointless and

insipid

that their efforts fell flat.

Insipid

means

disgusting.

inspiring.

C. boring.

A dish served with a spicy mustard sauce is less boring that is pointless and than one served without. A performance with sparkle and zest is contrasted with a script boring .

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 6

peerless

–

adjective

“She’s

peerless

,” the singer’s fans insisted. “No one can compete with her.” When their beloved teacher retired, her students presented her with a plaque: “To a

peerless

educator and a matchless friend.”

Peerless

means

without an equal.

critical.

perceptive.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 6

peerless

–

adjective

“She’s

peerless

,” the singer’s fans insisted. “No one can compete with her.” When their beloved teacher retired, her students presented her with a plaque: “To a

peerless

educator and a matchless friend.”

Peerless

means A. without an equal.

critical.

perceptive. If no one can compete with the singer, then she is so talented that she is without an equal . The two words used to describe the teacher, matchless and peerless , both mean “ without an equal .”

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 7

propriety

–

noun

Helen, a newspaper reporter, is concerned about the

propriety

of her writing stories about the town council when her husband is a member of the council.

People questioned the

propriety

of the woman’s beginning to date only two weeks after her husband had been killed.

Propriety

means

opportunity.

correctness.

cost.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 7

propriety

–

noun

Helen, a newspaper reporter, is concerned about the

propriety

of her writing stories about the town council when her husband is a member of the council.

People questioned the

propriety

of the woman’s beginning to date only two weeks after her husband had been killed.

Propriety

means

opportunity.

B. correctness.

cost. Helen is concerned about the correctness of covering council activities because it might be difficult to report objectively about a group that includes her husband. People who think it is appropriate for widows to observe a period of mourning might question the correctness of dating so soon after her husband’s death.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 8

virtuoso

–

noun

Woody Allen has a funny line about a woman who gave up her lifetime ambition of becoming a violin

virtuoso

when she realized she would have to study the violin.

The pianist was disappointed by the review of his performance: “He is competent, but no

virtuoso

—that spark of genius is missing.”

Virtuoso

means

a moral person.

a repairperson.

a master performer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 8

virtuoso

–

noun

Woody Allen has a funny line about a woman who gave up her lifetime ambition of becoming a violin

virtuoso

when she realized she would have to study the violin.

The pianist was disappointed by the review of his performance: “He is competent, but no

virtuoso

—that spark of genius is missing.”

Virtuoso

means

a moral person.

a repairperson.

C. a master performer.

It is silly to expect to become a master performer without first learning to play the violin. To be a master performer addition to “mere” competence.

, the pianist needed a spark of genius—in

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 9

vitriolic

–

adjective

Some people who call in to radio talk shows make shockingly vicious thoughts.

vitriolic

remarks; they seem to be using the show as an outlet for their most bitter, A famous piece of advice: When you are furious at someone, write him or her a

vitriolic

letter, using the ugliest, most cutting words you can find. Read it a few times to make sure it’s as hateful as possible. Then tear it up and throw it away.

Vitriolic

means

debatable.

sharp and bitter.

insane.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

vitriolic

–

adjective

•

Some people who call in to radio talk shows make shockingly vicious thoughts.

vitriolic

remarks; they seem to be using the show as an outlet for their most bitter,

•

A famous piece of advice: When you are furious at someone, write him or her a

vitriolic

letter, using the ugliest, most cutting words you can find. Read it a few times to make sure it’s as hateful as possible. Then tear it up and throw it away.

Vitriolic

means

debatable.

B. sharp and bitter.

insane. If the callers are expressing their most bitter, vicious thoughts, then their remarks are sharp and bitter . If you write down the ugliest, most hateful and cutting words you can find, then your letter will be sharp and bitter .

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 10

whimsical

–

adjective

Toni and Ed’s decision to marry seemed

whimsical

. They had known each other for only three days.

Some of the policies at our school seem pointless and

whimsical

. For example, students are allowed to audit courses in science but not in math, the library is closed every other Tuesday, and coffee is not served in the dining hall.

Whimsical

means

impulsive.

appropriate.

frightening.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 10

whimsical

–

adjective

Toni and Ed’s decision to marry seemed

whimsical

. They had known each other for only three days.

Some of the policies at our school seem pointless and

whimsical

. For example, students are allowed to audit courses in science but not in math, the library is closed every other Tuesday, and coffee is not served in the dining hall.

Whimsical

means A. impulsive.

appropriate.

frightening. It is impulsive to marry someone one has known for only three days. The contradictory, pointless, and odd rules seem to have been determined in an arbitrary and impulsive way.