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ADVANCED WORD POWER

Unit Two: Chapter 6

• appall

• cognizant

• commiserate

• expedient

• hindrance

• kindle

• lavish

• ludicrous

• negligent

• scrutinize

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

appall

–

verb

•

At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps

appalled

the entire world.

•

“When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the prosecutor, “they will

appall

you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster.”

Appall

means

to appeal to.

to shock.

to bore.

Appalling

damage caused by a forest fire FEMA news photo

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

appall

–

verb

•

At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps

appalled

the entire world.

•

“When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the prosecutor, “they will

appall

you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster.”

Appall

means

to appeal to.

B. to shock.

to bore. Hearing for the first time about horrors of the concentration and death camps would shock shock anyone. Hearing about an awful crime committed by a “monster” would a jury. FEMA news photo

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 2

cognizant

–

adjective

After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash.

Cognizant

of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. Many Americans have diabetes without being

cognizant

of their condition.

Cognizant

means

confused by.

conscious of.

careless about.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 2

cognizant

–

adjective

After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash.

Cognizant

of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. Many Americans have diabetes without being

cognizant

of their condition.

Cognizant

means

confused by.

B. conscious of.

careless about.

Shawn must have been conscious of the possibility that he had Lyme disease since he sought medical care right away. Many Americans may not realize they have diabetes if they aren’t conscious of the symptoms and risk factors associated with the disease.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 3

commiserate

–

verb

Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to

commiserate

with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. When my dog died, my friends tried to

commiserate

with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling.

Commiserate

means

to express sorrow.

to draw a comparison.

to complain. A sculpture of friends

commiserating

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 3

commiserate

–

verb

Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to

commiserate

with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. When my dog died, my friends tried to

commiserate

with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling.

Commiserate

means A. to express sorrow.

to draw a comparison.

to complain. If she got sympathy from the other widows, then they must have expressed sorrow for her loss. People would be likely to express sorrow for their friend’s loss.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 4

expedient

–

adjective

Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely

expedient

; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the

expedient

thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system.

Expedient

means

unbelievable.

admirable.

self-interested.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 4

expedient

–

adjective

Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely

expedient

; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the

expedient

thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system.

Expedient

means

unbelievable.

admirable.

C. self-interested.

Marty is acting out of pure self-interest : his only reason for marrying Elaine is her money. Jim was so self-interested to sell his car, rather than mention its defective brakes and exhaust system. that he used deception

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 5

hindrance

–

noun

Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a

hindrance

to getting what they want. Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a

hindrance

to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. An athlete who’s overcome a

hindrance

Hindrance

means

a cause.

an effect.

a barrier.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 5

hindrance

–

noun

Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a

hindrance

to getting what they want. Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a

hindrance

to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse.

Hindrance

means

a cause.

an effect.

C. a barrier.

When truth is a would be a barrier to getting what they want, some people try to get around it by lying. Fainting at the sight of blood barrier to becoming a nurse, since nurses often have to handle blood.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 6

kindle

–

verb

Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letters began to

kindle

her love for him. The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was

kindled

early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class.

Kindle

means

to stop.

to inspire.

to change.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 6

kindle

–

verb

Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letters began to

kindle

her love for him. The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was

kindled

early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class.

Kindle

means

to stop.

B. to inspire.

to change.

Warm, affectionate letters could government could inspire inspire a woman to change her feelings from friendship to love. Holding office in high-school a lifelong devotion to politics.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 7

lavish

–

adjective

The

lavish

new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a

lavish

dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me.”

Lavish

means

overly luxurious.

subtle.

amusing. A

lavish

setting for one of President Bush’s state dinners

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 7

lavish

–

adjective

The

lavish

new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a

lavish

dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me.”

Lavish

means A. overly luxurious.

subtle.

amusing. The word splendor suggests that the offices were overly luxurious . Since Avery insisted on having “the best of everything,” the dinner was probably overly luxurious .

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 8

ludicrous

–

verb

Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a

ludicrous

sight. “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too

ludicrous

to be reported in the supermarket tabloids.

Ludicrous

means

horrifying.

ridiculous.

inspiring. A

ludicrous

outfit for a dog

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 8

ludicrous

–

verb

Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a

ludicrous

sight. “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too

ludicrous

to be reported in the supermarket tabloids.

Ludicrous

means

horrifying.

B. ridiculous.

inspiring. Losing control of his or her belongings made the person feel ridiculous looking. These headlines are ridiculous because they describe impossible situations.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 9

negligent

–

adjective

While Hester may be a mother.

negligent

housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been

negligent

Negligent

means

anxious.

amusing.

careless.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 9

negligent

–

adjective

While Hester may be a mother.

negligent

Negligent

means

anxious.

amusing.

C. careless. Dust and lack of tidiness are signs of careless careless housekeeping. A attitude toward studying often results in failing grades.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 10

scrutinize

–

adjective

The detectives

scrutinized

the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. Before handing in his report, Dan was told to

scrutinize

it for misspellings and other errors.

Scrutinize

means

to inspect.

to describe.

to add to.

Scrutinizing

a spacecraft before takeoff

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

• • 10

scrutinize

–

adjective

The detectives

scrutinized

the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. Before handing in his report, Dan was told to

scrutinize

it for misspellings and other errors.

Scrutinize

means A. to inspect.

to describe.

to add to.

It is the job of detectives to inspect to inspect crime scenes for clues. It is important written work and correct errors before turning in a final copy.