Transcript The Constitutional Era

The Constitutional Era
Washington/Adams
(1781-1789)
(1789-1800)
•What is a republic?
•A representative
democracy
• What is the basic
principle of republican
government?
• The people elect
representatives who
make the laws.
• What was the first
attempt at workable
government in the
United States?
• The Articles of
Confederation
•What was wrong
with the
government under
the Articles of
Confederation?
•It was too weak!
•What does a
constitution provide?
•The basic
framework of a
government.
• Name 5 factors that made the
national government under the
Articles weak?
• 1) only a legislative branch; 2)
Congress had no power to tax; 3)
no national currency; 4) each
state had 1 vote in the
Confederation Congress; 5) no
executive and no judicial branch
•What does the
legislative branch
of a government
do?
•Makes the laws
• What does the
judicial branch of a
government do?
• Interprets or explains
the meaning of the
laws
•What does the
executive branch
do?
•Enforces the laws
• What is a compromise?
• An agreement in which
both sides get part of
what they want, but
neither side gets all of
what it wants.
•Where did the
Constitutional
Convention meet?
•Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
What was the Virginia Plan?
• A framework proposed by the
Virginia delegation to the
Constitutional Convention under
which the national government
would have a legislature consisting of
two houses. Representation in both
houses would be based on
population. Big states would have
more representatives.
What was the New Jersey Plan?
• A framework proposed by the New
Jersey delegation to the
Constitutional Convention under
which the national government
would have a legislature consisting
of one house. Under the New Jersey
Plan each state had one vote. This
plan benefited small states.
What was the Great Compromise
or Connecticut Compromise?
• A plan providing for a two-house
Congress in which the people would
be represented in a House of
Representatives and the states in the
Senate. In other words, the House of
Rep. would be based on population,
while each state would have 2 U.S.
senators.
Which one became part of
the Constitution: the Va.
Plan, the N.J. Plan, or the
Great Compromise?
• The Great
Compromise
What is federalism?
• The division of power in
the United States
between the national
government and the
state governments.
Who served as chairman
of the Constitutional
Convention?
• George Washington
Who is considered the
“Father of the
Constitution”?
• James Madison
When federal law and
state law conflict,
which law is supreme?
•Federal Law
Who leads the executive
branch of the federal
government?
•The President
Who leads the judicial
branch of the federal
government?
•The Supreme Court
What is the name of the
legislative branch of the
federal government?
•Congress
What are the two
houses of Congress?
• The House of
Representatives
• The United States Senate
How is a state’s
membership in the
Senate decided?
• Two senators from
each state
How is a state’s membership in
the House of Rep. Decided?
• By Population; States with
large populations have
more representatives than
states with small
populations.
What was the three-fifths
compromise?
• A compromise between the northern and
southern states
• Slaves would count as 3/5 of a person in
figuring the slave states’ population for
representation in the House of
Representatives
What is separation of
powers?
• The division of power
among different
branches of
government.
What is the checks and
balances system?
• A system of government by
which each branch of
government can check or stop
the actions of the other branches
• How many states had
to ratify or approve
the Constitution
before it could take
effect?
•9
Who were the Federalists during the Constitutional era?
• People who supported the Constitution with a strong
national government supported by business, industry
and banking
Who were the Anti-federalists- known as the Democratic–
Republicans?
• People who opposed the Constitution, wanted a weak
central government, supported states rights, supported
by farmers and artisans.
What does interstate
commerce mean?
• Trade between states
What is the Bill of
Rights?
• The first ten
amendments to the
Constitution
What was the basic idea
of the Virginia
Declaration of Rights?
• That government should
not violate basic human
rights.
Who wrote the
Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
• George Mason
Who wrote the
Virginia Statute of
Religious Freedom?
• Thomas Jefferson
What did the Virginia Statute
of Religious Freedom do?
• Outlawed the
established church in
Virginia
• Supported the idea of
freedom of religion
• What two documents did
Madison consult when he
was working on the Bill of
Rights?
• The Virginia Declaration of
Rights and the Virginia
Statute of Religious
Freedom
What rights does the First
Amendment guarantee?
• Freedom of speech,
freedom of the press,
freedom of religion,
freedom of assembly, and
the right of petition
What church was the
established church in
colonial Virginia?
• The Anglican church or
Church of England
What does the term
ratify mean?
•Approve
To what did the phrase
“ratification of the
Constitution” refer?
• 9 of the states approving
the Constitution so that it
would take effect
What First Amendment
freedom allows people to
gather at public
meetings?
•Freedom of
Assembly
What First Amendment
freedom allows Americans to
make written requests to
make changes in the
government?
•Freedom of Petition
On what document
was the Bill of Rights
based?
• The Virginia
Declaration of Rights
What is a
constitutional
amendment?
•An addition to the
Constitution
During the state ratifying
conventions, what did the
Anti-Federalists force the
Federalists to promise to
adopt?
•A Bill of Rights
• When George Washington
became the first President in
1789, who did he select as
Secretary of State?
• Thomas Jefferson
• Who introduced the New Jersey Plan at
the Constitutional Convention?
• William Patterson
• Who introduced the Virginia Plan at the
Constitutional Convention?
• Edmund Randolph
• What act established and organized
territorial lands into Townships of 36 square
miles each?
• Land Ordinance of 1785
• What state resolutions stated that the states
had the right to judge if a federal law was
Constitutional or not?
• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
• What legislation was passed during the
administration of John Adams which had
the power of deportation and to imprison
critics of the government?
• Alien and Sedition Acts
• What incident was an attempt by French
agents to bribe American Diplomats?
• XYZ Affair
• Which treaty with Spain allow navigation
on the Mississippi, the use of New Orleans
as a port of deposit, and established a border
between northern Florida and the United
States?
• Pickney’s Treaty
•
• What were the reasons Washington
sent John Jay to negotiate a treaty
with Britain?
• To receive compensation for recent British
assaults on American shipping.
• To demand the withdrawal of British forces
from their posts on the United States
frontier.
• To negotiate a plan for a combined attack
against France
• To avoid war and to negotiate a favorable
commercial treaty with Britain
• Which treaty with Britain stated that Britain
would remove troops from the Northwest,
the US would not trade in the West Indies,
but did avoid war?
• Jay’s Treaty
• Some were upset by Jay’s Treaty because
• They felt the US had “sold out” to the
British and the treaty did not reach all US
objectives.
• Between 1798-99 the United was involved
in an undeclared war with France because:
• The French interfered with American trade
• French ships and US ships fought on the
high seas ( US actually captured 85 French
ships)
• The US cut off all trade with France
• Our ministers to France had been insulted
by the French government
• In his Farewell Address, what two things
did Washington advise the nation?
• Beware of political parties and foreign
entanglements
• Who was elected President in the
Presidential election of 1800?
• Thomas Jefferson
• What did the election of Jefferson in 1800
prove ?
• That the United States could change power
in the executive and legislative branches of
government without a bloody civil war and
that democracy could work as a form of
government.