Transcript Transparency Masters for Software Engineering: A

Catatan Kuliah
Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak
(Software Engineering)
Bagian 2
copyright © 2006
R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc
M. Idham Ananta Timur, S.T., M.Kom.
Hanya digunakan di lingkungan Universtias
Hanya boleh digandakan untuk mahasiswa di lingkungan universitas
yang menggunakan buku Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach.
Selain itu dilarang keras menggandakan.
Presentasi, slide atau hardcopy tidak boleh digunakan untuk
short courses, seminar industri, atau kepentingan konsultasi.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
1
Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach,
6/e
Bab 12
Desain User Interface
copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc.
For University Use Only
May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level
when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach.
Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
2
Desain Interface
Easy to learn?
Easy to use?
Easy to understand?
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
3
Desain Interface
Kesalahan Desain Umum
Tidak konsisten
Terlalu banyak mengingat
Tidak ada panduan
Tidak ada sensitivitas
Respon buruk
Arcane/unfriendly
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
4
Petunjuk Emas
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Tempatkan user dalam kontrol
Kurangi beban memori user
Buat interface konsisten
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
5
Tempatkan user dalam Control
Tentukan mode interaksi dalam sebuah cara dimana tidak
memaksa user untuk melakukan aksi yang tidak perlu atau
tidak dikehendaki.
Menyediakan interaksi yang fleksibel.
Memungkinkan interaksi user untuk diinterupsi dan dibatalkan
(undo).
Mempersingkat interaksi sesuai dengan tingkat penguasaan
dan memungkinkan interaksi dikustomisasi.
Sembunyikan hal-hal teknis dari user.
Desain interaksi langsung dengan objek yang tampak di
layar.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
6
Kurangi beban memori user
Kurangi permintaan memori ‘short-term’.
Buat default yang bermakna.
Tentukan shortcut yang intuitif.
Layout visual dari interface harus berdasal metafora dunia
nyata.
Buka informasi dengan pola progresif.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
7
Buat Interface yang
Konsisten
Memungkinkan user untuk mengambil langkah yang ada
menjadi konteks yang berarti.
Kelola konsistensi dalam keluarga aplikasi.
Jika model interaktif yang lalu telah memenuhi harapan
user, jangan membuat perubahan kecuali ada alasan yang
cukup kuat.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
8
Model Desain User Interface
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User model — profil semua user pada sistem
Design model — realisasi desain dari model user
Mental model (system perception) — gambaran
mental user terhadap apakah interface tersebut
Implementation model — “look and feel”
interface dipasangkan dengan informasi
pendukung yang menggambarkan syntax dan
semantik interface
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
9
Proses Desain User Interface
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
10
Analisis Interface
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Analisis interface berarti pemahaman terhadap :
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(1) orang2x (end-users) yang akan berinteraksi dengan sistem
melalui interface;
(2) tugas2x yang harus dilakukan end-users untuk
menyelesaikan pekerjaan mereka,
(3) isi yang harus dipresentasikan sebagai bagian dari interface
(4) lingkungan dimana tugas2x ini dilakukan.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
11
Analisis User
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Are users trained professionals, technician, clerical, or manufacturing workers?
What level of formal education does the average user have?
Are the users capable of learning from written materials or have they expressed a
desire for classroom training?
Are users expert typists or keyboard phobic?
What is the age range of the user community?
Will the users be represented predominately by one gender?
How are users compensated for the work they perform?
Do users work normal office hours or do they work until the job is done?
Is the software to be an integral part of the work users do or will it be used only
occasionally?
What is the primary spoken language among users?
What are the consequences if a user makes a mistake using the system?
Are users experts in the subject matter that is addressed by the system?
Do users want to know about the technology the sits behind the interface?
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
12
Analisis Tugas dan Pemodelan
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Jawab pertanyaan2x berikut …
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Apa saja pekerjaan user yang akan dilakukan?
Apa tugas-tugas dan subtugas yang harus user lakukan
untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan mereka?
Apa saja permasalahan spesifik dari domain objek yang akan
dimanipulasi user ketika pekerjaan tersebut dilakukan?
Seperti apa urutan pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan?
Bagaimanakah hierarki pekerjaan tersebut?
Use-cases menentukan interaksi dasar
Task elaboration menyempurnakan interaksi tugas2x
Object elaboration menentukan interface objek (classes)
Workflow analysis menentukan bagaimana sebuah proses
diselesaikan ketika banyak orang dan peran terlibat
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
13
Swimlane Diagram
p at ien t
r e q u e st s t h at a
p r e scr ip t io n b e r e f ille d
p h armacist
p h ysician
d e t e r m in e s st at u s o f
p r e scr ip t io n
no ref ills
remaining
ref ills
remaining
ch e cks in v e n t o r y f o r
r e f ill o r alt e r n at iv e
ch e cks p at ie n t
r e co r d s
approv es ref ill
ref ill not
allowed
e v alu at e s alt e r n at iv e
m e d icat io n
r e ce iv e s o u t o f st o ck
n o t if icat io n
out of st ock
alt ernat iv e
av ailable
in st ock
r e ce iv e s t im e / d at e
none
t o p ick u p
p icks u p
p r e scr ip t io n
f ills
p r e scr ip t io n
r e ce iv e s r e q u e st t o
co n t act p h y sician
Fig u re 1 2 .2 Sw imlan e d iag ram fo r p rescrip t io n refill fu n ct io n
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
14
Analisis Isi Tampilan
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Apakah tipe data yang berbeda ditempatkan pada lokasi yang
konsisten pada layar ??
Dapatkah user melakukan kustomisasi lokasi isi pada layar?
Apakah identifkasi pada layar sudah diberikan pada semua isi?
Jika laporan dengan ukuran besar harus dipresentasikan
bagimana mekanisme partisinya supaya mudah dipahami ?
Apakah ada mekanisme yang tersedia untuk menampilkan
rangkuman dari data dalam ukuran besar ?
Apakah output grafis dapat disesuaikan dengan ukuran display
piranti yang digunakan user ?
Bagaimana penggunaan warna untuk meningkatkan
pemahaman?
Bagaimana pesan kesalahan dan peringatan ditampilkan kepada
user ?
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
15
Langkah-langkah desain
Interface
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Menggunakan informasi yang dikembangkan selaman
analisis interface, tentukan objek dan aksi interfacce.
Tentukan event yang akan mengakibatkan keadaan
interface berubah. Modelkan perilaku ini.
Gambarkan setiap keadaan interface sebagaimana
tampak di depan user.
Indikasikan bagaimana user mengintepretasikan
keadaan sistem dari informasi yang disediakan melalui
interface.
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
16
Interface Design Patterns
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Patterns tersedua untuk
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The complete UI
Page layout
Forms and input
Tables
Direct data manipulation
Navigation
Searching
Page elements
e-Commerce
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
17
Isu-isu Desain
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Response time
Help facilities
Error handling
Menu and command labeling
Application accessibility
Internationalization
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
18
Siklus Evaluasi Desain
These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided
with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005
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