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Presented by
Karen Inchy
Function
• Indicates an action or series of actions that
began and ended at a particular time in
the past.
e.g. He walked to the beach yesterday.
• Often used for narrative.
Regular Form
• Positive: add -ed to the base form of the
verb.
e.g. jump – jumped
Difficulty: spelling
Spelling Rules
• If the verb ends in an -e, only add -d.
e.g. live – lived
• If the verb ends in a consonant + -y,
change the -y to -i and add -ed.
e.g. study – studied
• If the verb ends in a vowel + -y, just add -ed.
e.g. play – played
• If the verb ends in consonant - vowel consonant, double the last consonant.
e.g. stop – stopped
exception: visit - visited
Pronunciation
Difficulty: The past -ed is pronounced in
3 ways.
If the last letter of the base verb is:
• Unvoiced: /t/ - worked, watched
• Voiced: /d/ - loved, cleaned
• Verb ends in d or t: /id/ - wanted, added
• Negative: Add did not before the base
form of the verb.
e.g. He did not pass his driving test.
• Contraction: didn’t
Difficulty: when forming the negative
pupils may continue to add -ed to the base
form of the verb.
e.g. He didn’t passed his driving test.
• Questions: Begin with did and the verb
stays in the base form.
e.g. Did he go to college?
Difficulty: pupils may use the past form of
the verb instead of the base form.
e.g. Did he went to college?
Irregular Verbs
Difficulty: irregular verbs:
• Do not take -ed
• Have to be learned.
e.g.
teach – taught
run – ran
put – put
know – knew
To Be
• The verb to be is irregular:
I/ he/ she/ it - was
we/ you/ they - were
Difficulty: The verb to be (the copula) is
idiosyncratic (no Hebrew equivalent) and
has a multiplicity of forms (2 forms).
Regular past simple verbs only have one
form.
• Negative:
I/ he/ she/ it - was not
we/ you/ they - were not
• Contractions:
wasn’t / weren’t
• Questions: begin with was or were and
then the subject (inversion).
e.g. Was she here?
Were they here?
Difficulty: pupils may use did plus was or
were to form questions.
e.g. Did she was here?
Time Expressions
•
•
•
•
•
•
yesterday
last (week, month, year)
a long time ago, two days ago
in 1987
in the 1960s
when I was a child
Bibliography
• Azar, B. (1998) Understanding and using
English Grammar
• Celce-Murcia (1999) The Grammar Book
• Zelenko, E. (1994) Develop Your Grammar
• About:http://esl.about.com/library/grammar
/blpastsimple.htm
• http://www.learnwithlucy.com/stregpt.htm