Transcript Imperialism of India

Imperialism of India
The British Raj
1858-1947
Ohio Learning Standard #12
• The Consequences of
Imperialism were viewed
differently by the colonizers
and the colonized
Mogul Dynasty
•Ruled Indian subcontinent 1517 – 1757
•Established vast Government Bureaucracy
–Offices throughout the Empire
–Plots of land or portions of taxes as payment
–Centralization of Power (marriages)
*1000s of Opulent & Expansive projects
- Canals, Channels, & Irrigation systems
- Personal, Govt, & Religious Architecture
Badshahi Mosque
Akbar’s Tomb
__________________________
Empire of Great Wealth
•Trade & M_____________ flourished
–Silk Road (Delhi) & Coastal Regions (Mumbai)
–Agricultural Products (Rice & Wheat)
–Textiles (Cotton & Silk)
–Precious Stones (Rubies)
–Spices (salt)
•B__________ grew even
more rich … as did the
Merchant Class
Caste System
•Social stratification (class) system
separates (S_________) communities into
hereditary groups called jatis (varnas)
–Based on occupation & birthplace
–Engrained by religious system (H_______)
•NOT official policy by Moguls, but never
outlawed or taken out of practice
–Used as way of Agricultural Production
(Untouchables), Commerce (Merchants),
Bureaucratic Employment (Land Owners)
Portuguese Traders to India (1605)
• Eager to trade for rubies, salt, silk, & spices
• Purchase of c___ c____ (coffee, tea, cotton)
• Exchange for Gold & Silver
• Trade Z_____ (ports), but not official colonies
–Portugal already had primary colony (Brazil)
–Plus other Asian Trade Ports (China)
Corruption rears its Ugly Head
• Great Wealth brings more desire for Opulence
–More S___________ (projects & military)
• Bureaucracy System based on favoritism/payoffs
–Need for more land & Desire for Conquest
• Dependent on foreign trade (Cash Crops for Gold)
–More D_______ = severely weakens Economy
The British (& others) are Coming
• By 1650 - British established trade zones
along eastern coast of India (Calcutta)
–Desire to trade of Minerals, Spices, & T_______
• To protect their investments and trade rights
from Dutch & French … Britain built F______
–Deal struck to Mogul leadership (Bureaucracy)
… make large annual payments for rights to
construct forts & expand ports
British E___ I____ Company
• Stock Holding Co. chartered by the Queen
to oversee investments in India
• Establishment of V________ to oversee political
relations with National Bureaucratic offices of
Mogul Dynasty
Delhi sacked by Persians (1739)
• Opened door of opportunity to British
–further expand their “interests” in India
• India became a P__________ of British Empire
–Brought in their own soldiers to protect interests
trade ports and access to resources like salt & tea
• BEIC became even more
politically active
–Indian soldiers (S_______)
hired to enforce policies
Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
• Result of growing distrust & resentment of
British rule – especially policies of BEIC
–Aka … the G_____ R________
• Cause: greasing rifle cartridges used by Sepoys
- against Hindu & Muslim beliefs
– refusal to use = M_______
• BEIC played religion & social cards to put down
–Hindu vs Muslim
–Mass Un_________ rebellion (The Great Fear)
The British R___ of India
• Mutiny incident allows BEIC to take full control
of India … keep order & protect interests
–on behalf of the Q______ (Empress of India)
•“Jewel of the Crown”
Civil Service Bureaucracy
•Viceroy elevated to status of G_________
–Staff of over 3500 British citizens brought in
•Hired additional Indians to help administer
policies & collect taxes
• Schools to train C_____ S_______
Positive outcomes of British Raj
• Ordered governmental structure (less corruption)
– Tax collection
- Government offices
• Update Transportation & Communication system
– Roads & R__________
- T__________ & Post offices
• New school systems … literacy rate _________
– Building primary schools & Universities
• Updated Health & Sanitation systems
– Hospitals & water supply
- R_______ infant mortality
• Opportunity for _______ mobility (economic/social)
– Small businesses
- Growing __________ Class
Expansive Network of RR
Business Construction
Neg. Consequences of the Raj
• Continued Religious conflict (H_____ v M_______)
– Sepoys & Administration
• Schools exclusively in E______ & European format
– _____% of Indian population remained illiterate
• Indian manufacturing industries ___________
– Business & Construction profits unequally distributed
– Textiles (cotton & silk) and Mining (salt & silver)
• Unbalanced Agriculture (c___________ dependent)
– Taxes increased & Liens against properties
– ____ million Indians died from starvation
• S_______________ & Discrimination
- Housing & jobs
- Cultural Traditions
(Religion)
Employment?
Agriculture?