Transcript Learning about People - New Hampshire Historical Society

Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
Hampshire Historical Society Museum
Staircase to
4th Floor
Jaffrey
Parlor
Concord
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Wigwam
Learning about People
in
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New Hampshire
through Many Eyes
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Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
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Exit
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Click on a colored marker on the floor plan and you will learn about…
Yellow: the person portrayed at that location in the exhibit
Overview
Green: a person prominent in the exhibit at that location, but not
depicted
Blue:
topics in that section of the exhibit
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JaffreyPassaconaway
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(ca. 1575–
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1665) was the leader of
the Pennacook
Confederacy that
dominated much of what
is today southern New
Hampshire.
Counseling peace with
the English immigrants,
Passaconaway ceded
much of his land to the
English in 1629 but
petitioned the
Massachusetts court for a
tract of land along the
Merrimack River. Though
he was granted the land in
1662, the same land was
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re-granted
to white
settlers seven years later.
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Passaconaway
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Captain John Locke (1627–1696) of Rye was ambushed
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by eight
Abenaki Indians on August
26, 1696, and shot
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his own gun, which he had left lying against a nearby
rock while he worked in his field.
As his slayer approached to scalp him, the dying man cut
off the Indian’s nose with the sickle he had been using.
The sickle passed through generations of Lockes to great
grandson William (seen in silhouette) and to his grandson
George (pictured). George Locke presented the sickle to
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the New Hampshire Historical Society in 1890.
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Captain John Locke
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Susanna Johnson (ca. 1729-1810)
and her family were captured by
Abenakis during an attack on the
fort at No. 4 (Charlestown) in
1754. Pregnant with child,
Susanna went into labor on the
forced march to Canada. Her
captors made a small bed for her
in the woods where she gave birth
to a daughter, Elizabeth Captive –
her fourth child. A day later,
Susanna was forced to continue
her journey.
Eventually, the Johnson family
was ransomed and returned to
Charlestown. Susanna became a
tavern keeperWigwam
after the death of
her husband. Eventually, she
remarried and bore another seven
children.
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Susanna Johnson
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Believing that English schooling was the key to “civilizing”
Indians, the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock (1711-1779)
devoted 25 years to this mission. In 1769, he moved his
Indian Charity School to Hanover where it became known as
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Dartmouth College. Wheelock enrolled white students at the
college to serve as models for their Indian classmates and to
train as missionaries. Wheelock had discovered that former
Indian students, many of whom never graduated, could not
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be depended upon to instruct their Indian brethren. Half of
them “returned to the vices of savage life” after their studies.
Eleazar Wheelock
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The Reverend Samson Occum
(1723-1792), an Indian student
of the Reverend Wheelock,
tried to help his mentor raise
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money in America and Britain
for Hanover’s new Indian
school. To his dismay, however,
very few of the first students
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were Indian – only ¼ of the
graduating class of 1770.
Samson Occum
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Robert Rogers
grew
up in the frontier
near Concord. He
led an elite corps of
soldiers — Rogers’
Rangers — that
roamed the frontier
fighting Indians in
service of the
British Army.
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This 1776
mezzotint published
by Thomas Hart is
titled Major Robert
Rogers,
Commander in
Chief of the Indians
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in the Back
Settlements of
America. In the
mezzotint, Rogers
wears an Indian- Entrance
made sash.
Robert Rogers
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The
Reverend John Wheelwright
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(ca. 1592–1679) moved to
Massachusetts in 1630 and worked
as a minister. His support of
dissenter Anne Hutchinson and his
marriage to Anne’s sister, Mary,
led to his banishment from the
Massachusetts Bay Colony. In
1638, he and his family and
followers settled in what is now
Exeter, N.H.
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John Wheelwright
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In 1741, Benning Wentworth
(1699–1770) became New
Hampshire’s first royal governor
to be independent of
Massachusetts. During his 26
years in office, Wentworth
established towns not only
throughout New Hampshire, but
in present-day Vermont as well.
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This painting by Joseph
Wigwam
Blackburn depicts
the governor
in 1760.
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Benning Wentworth
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Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
Hampshire Historical SocietyThree
Museum
generations of the Jaffrey
family
to
servedStaircase
the provincial
government seated
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in Portsmouth:
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Not Shown Here
George Jaffrey I (1638–1707), a
Scotsman, settled in New Castle. A
successful merchant, Jaffrey served as
speaker of the Assembly and member of
the King’s Council.
George Jaffrey II (1683–1749)
of
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Portsmouth built onCoach
this father’s fortune
as a merchant and real estate investor.
From 1726 to 1749 he was Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court. Jaffrey’s wife,
Sarah Wentworth MacPhaedris (1702–
1798), was Royal Governor Sir John
Wentworth’s aunt.
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George Jaffrey III (1717–1801), like his
forebears, was a governor’s councilor.
Also, like his father, he was the
provincial treasurer. Jaffrey’s wife,
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Lucy Winthrop (1721–1776), suffered
the embarrassment of having brothers
who sided with the rebel cause against
English rule.
The Jaffrey Family
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Sir John Wentworth (1737–1820) was
New Hampshire’s last royal governor. An
energetic leader who encouraged the
exploration of the wilderness, road
construction, and the establishment of
Dartmouth College, Governor Wentworth
was well liked personally, but his loyalty
to the crown forced
him to leave the
Concord
province in 1775. Coach
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John Wentworth
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John Sullivan (1740–
1795), led the attack
on Fort William and
Mary that presaged
the Revolutionary
War. He served as a
delegate to the 1st
and 2nd Continental
Congresses and
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carried the rank of
major general in the
war. Later he served
as president — now
known as governor
— of the new state.
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John Sullivan
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John Stark (1728–1822)
was a farm boy who led
expeditions into the New
Hampshire wilderness. He
fought in the French and
Indian War and led men in
the Revolution, most
notably at the Battle of
Bunker Hill and the Battle
of Bennington.
Making a toast at a
veterans’ banquet
in 1809,
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the elderly general uttered
the phrase that has become
the state’s motto: Live free
or die.
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John Stark
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General Jonathan Chase
(1743–1800) was a
storekeeper, tavern
owner, miller, surveyor
— and military leader at
Ticonderoga and
Saratoga. He and his
wife Sarah were among
the first settlers of
Cornish where he
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headed the corporation
to build the Cornish–
Windsor bridge.
(The portrait was
painted in 1790.)
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Jonathan Chase
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Sarah Hall Chase
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(1742–1806) ran the
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family tavern in
Cornish and raised
six children while her
husband was at war.
She also served the
revolutionary cause
by guarding arms and
ammunition for the
patriots.
(The portrait was
painted in 1790.)
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Sarah Hall Chase
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James Fogg Langdon (1804–
1887) was a stage driver in
central New Hampshire. This
“knight of the whip” managed
reins of six to eight horses and
entertained his passengers with
stories and flourishes on his long
tin horn.
The portrait was painted in
Plymouth, c. 1830.
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James Fogg Langdon
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Jefferson Small (1802–1872) of
Goffstown ran a grist mill. Such
mills, along with the saw and
fulling mills that were usually
nearby, provided a rural preview of
the industrialization
that would
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transform New Hampshire’s
countryside by 1900.
Charles Treadwell’s portrait (ca.
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1845) is unusual in that the subject
is shown in work rather than dress
clothes.
Jefferson Small
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Hannah Davis (1784-1863) of East Jaffrey
was the daughter of a wooden-movement
clockmaker and the granddaughter of a
carpenter and millwright. Orphaned at a
young age, she began producing wooden
band boxes decorated with wallpaper and
lined with newspaper. She invented a footpowered machine to slice the logs and
selected her own spruce and pine for sides
and bottoms, respectively, nailed while the
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wood was green. The
boxes varied
considerably in size and were used by mill
girls for luggage, trinkets, and bonnets.
Hannah marketed the boxes herself,
traveling to the factory towns ofEntrance
New
Hampshire and Massachusetts in a
covered wagon or sleigh with a rented
horse.
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Hannah Davis
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Rural families helped sustain themselves by sending sons
and daughters —especially daughters — to sometimes
distant mill towns where they could work for periods
ranging from a few months to several years. Such
mobility provided new opportunities for social
relationships that, when challenged, could lead to group
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solidarity.
One of the first American strikes, for example, took place
among women workers in 1827 at Dover’s Cocheco
Manufacturing Company. When
the company introduced
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new rules regulating talking, visiting, smoking, and
lateness, three to four hundred workers protested.
Card Room Employees of
Amoskeag Mill No. 5 20
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Jaffrey
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to
The Hutchinsons
of Milford
were the first
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organized singing family in America. They traveled
the country from the 1840s well into the 1880s,
their songs promoting a variety of popular reforms
including women’s suffrage, abolition, and
temperance. One of their most popular songs,
“Tenting Tonight,” was composed by New
Hampshire neighbor Walter Kittredge of Reed’s
Ferry.
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Hutchinson Family
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Nathan Marcel Gove (b. 1849) was only eleven when
he enlisted as a drummer boy for the 3rd Regiment of
N.H. Volunteers. He served with the band at Hilton
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Head, S.C., between
1862 and 1863. The band’s last
performance relating to the Civil War was in 1865 at
Fort Sumter as part of the celebration of the restoration
of the American flag. The band continues today in
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Gove’s home town of Concord
as the Nevers’ Second
Regiment Band.”
Nathan Gove and the 3rd
N.H. Regimental Band
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Born in Hillsboro, Franklin Pierce (1804–1869) became
the 14th president of the U.S., the only president to come
from New Hampshire. His presidency followed a career as
lawyer, U.S. representative, senator, and brigadier general
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in the Mexican War.
Franklin Pierce
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OfJaffrey
Franco-American heritage,
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Marie
ParlorGrace de Repentigny 4th Floor
(1924-1964) is better known to
us as Grace Metalious. She was
born in a working-class
neighborhood in Manchester,
but after her marriage to
George Metalious, moved to
the small town of Gilmanton.
Grace Metalious burst the
pastoral image of small-town
life in her best-selling 1956
novel Peyton Place. Its recordbreaking book sales led to the
1957 blockbuster movie and a
long-running television series.
Even today, long after her
death, Metalious’s name excites
strong feelingsWigwam
in Gilmanton,
thought by many to be the reallife Peyton Place.
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Grace Metalious
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Left with five children to raise after
her husband’s sudden death in 1822,
Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (17881879) began her career as a writer
and editor. In 1823, she published
The Genius of Oblivion; in 1827,
Northwood, and in 1830, Poems for
Children, which included the timeless
“Mary’s Lamb.” Hale moved to
Boston where she edited the
American Ladies’ Magazine and later
to Philadelphia as editor of Godey’s
Ladies’ Book. Hale championed
educational opportunities for women.
During her life, Wigwam
she launched
campaigns to fund the Bunker Hill
monument, to establish Thanksgiving
Day as a national holiday, and to
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make Washington’s home, Mount
Vernon, a national shrine.
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Sarah Josepha Buell Hale
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Frank Jones (1832–1902), an
entrepreneur from Barrington,
went to Portsmouth to peddle
goods at age 17. With the
power to perceive
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and the courage
to make the
most of it, he acquired a large
interest in a brewery that
became the Frank Jones
Brewing Co.
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An aggressive empire builder,
Jones subsequently procured a
shoe factory, a machine shop,
and a button factory, among
other things. Influential in
politics and public spirited,
Jones was a generous
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benefactor for Portsmouth’s
development.
Frank Jones
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Robert Frost (1874-1963)
moved to New England as a
boy and in 1900, settled on a
farm in Derry. Frost wrote of
New England and New
Englanders in metaphors that
evoke for many readers the
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essence ofCoach
New Hampshire
life.
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Robert Frost
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Levi Woodbury (1789–1851) was
born in Salem and lived most of his
life in Portsmouth. A leader of the
“Jacksonian Democrats,” Woodbury
served as a state representative and
senator, governor, associate justice of
the state supreme court, and as a U.S.
senator. He held two national cabinet
posts and in 1846 became Associate
Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
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A strong believer in “democratic
government run by educated people,”
he supported free public education and
teacher training,Wigwam
more education for
women, and more adult education in
agriculture, science, and philosophy.
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Levi Woodbury
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Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910) was born in Bow. In
1866, she fell on an icy sidewalk and suffered serious
internal injuries. She recovered, miraculously, she
believed, after reading a scriptural account on healing.
After recovering,
she devoted the next three years to
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study of the Bible. In 1875, she published Science and
Health; in 1876, she established the Christian Science
Association and in 1878, her religion.
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Mary Baker Eddy
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The son of a Salisbury farmer, Daniel Webster (1782–
1853) attended Phillips Exeter Academy and Dartmouth
College. He practiced law in Portsmouth. After
representing the state in the U.S. Congress from 1813–
1817, Webster became one of the leading attorneys of his
day and is best known
for winning the 1819 case in
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which he defended Dartmouth College from attempted
takeover by the state of New Hampshire. Later, 1n 1842,
as secretary of state, he secured the Webster-Ashburton
treaty settling once and for all the boundary disputes
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between the United States and Canada — including New
Hampshire’s northern border.
Daniel Webster
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Henry Clay Blinn (1824–1905)
moved to Canterbury when he was
14 because the Shakers there
offered him an education and a
future. Blinn developed skills as a
master printer, teacher, stonecutter,
tailor, dentist, beekeeper, and
cabinetmaker. He became an
administrator and spiritual leader,
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not only of Canterbury Shakers,
but also of communities in Enfield,
N.H., New York, Ohio, and
Kentucky. He was an author,
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historian, and for 17 years, the
editor of the Shakers’ official
monthly journal.
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Henry Clay Blinn
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Bertha Lindsay (1897–1990),
the last eldress of Canterbury’s
Shaker community, came to the
village as anConcord
orphan in 1905.
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Raised and educated there,
Lindsay, at the age of 21, chose
to stay with the Shakers and
took vows of celibacy, simple
living, and pacifism. She
cooked, made Shaker poplar
baskets, taught girls manners
and fancywork, and, in the
1960s, helped organize the
museum at the village.
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Bertha Lindsay
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Born in Franklin, Philias Napoleon Dubuc (1894–1959) grew up
in Pittsfield. Like many of Canadian ancestry, he worked in the
textile industry. Seeking to improve himself, Dubuc moved from
mill to mill, not only in Pittsfield, Suncook, and Manchester, but
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also elsewhere in New England and Quebec. He began as a
bobbin-boy and loom fixer, but with the help of correspondence
school courses, he advanced to weaver, overseer, and
superintendent. During World War I, Dubuc served in France as a
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translator for Army intelligence. In World War II he inspected
textiles for the government. At the end of his working life, he was
an elevator operator and salesman for Leavitt’s Department Store
in Manchester.
Philias Napoleon Dubuc
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Celia Thaxter (1835–1894) was born at Portsmouth, but she was
raised on the Isles of Shoals, where she spent the happiest times
of her adult life and where she died and was buried.
A multi-talentedWigwam
woman, Celia Thaxter was an essayist and
poet, a painter of tiles and china, an expert on gardening and
birds, and — not least — an accomplished hostess. Among her
guests were many of the literary and artistic celebrities of her
day, including Nathaniel Hawthorne,
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and John Greenleaf Whittier. In 1892, one of her guests, artist
Childe Hassam, rendered this painting of Celia Thaxter in her
garden.
Celia Thaxter
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The 1891 painting by Anna
Klumpke depicts Mrs.
Coolidge with her son J.R.
in Paris. Later, Mrs.
Coolidge adopted the
community of Center
Sandwich and established
Sandwich Home Industries,
a cooperative store,
tearoom, and program of
craft classes.
In 1931, she headed a
commission formed by
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Governor John Winant to
consider the efficacy of a
statewide organization for
promoting crafts. The result
was the League of New
Hampshire Arts and Crafts.
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Mary Hamilton Coolidge
& Son
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As president and publisher
of the Union Leader
Corporation, William Loeb
(1905–1981) long held an
important place in N.H.
politics. Loeb’s
unrelenting
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opposition to
state sales or
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income taxes in the
newspapers he oversaw led
many politicians to “take
the pledge” against broadbased taxes. Fiery editorials
could spell success of
failure for candidates
running for office —
especially in the state’s
first-in-the-nation
presidential primaries.
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William Loeb
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Staircase
to infant son were captured
Hannah
and her
JaffreyDustin (1657–ca. 1736)
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by raiding
Abenakis from their Haverhill, Massachusetts, home in
1697, and marched northward. Soon, the Indians killed the infant
before the horrified mother’s eyes.
Later, while spending a night on an island at the junction of the
Merrimack and Contoocook rivers, Hannah Dustin and two other
captives killed and scalped their ten sleeping captors and escaped.
After her return to Haverhill, Hannah Dustin was rewarded for her
bravery. According to Dustin family tradition,
this tankard was one
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of the gifts she received.
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Hannah Dustin
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Abenakis attacked theStaircase
town ofto Salisbury in 1754 and took
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Nathaniel Meloon, his 4th
wife,
and three children captive —
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including nine year-old Rachel (ca. 1745–1798). Four
years and seven months after their march to Canada, the
husband, wife, and younger son were ransomed and
returned home.
In 1763, after spending nine years living with Abenakis,
their daughter Rachel reluctantly returned home to New
Hampshire. Rachel wove this porcupine quill belt for
Peter Kimball of Boscawen after her
return from Canada.
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The belt features English, Abenaki,Coach
and French imagery
on an Abenaki background.
According to tradition, Kimball wore the belt while
fighting in the Battle of Bennington in 1777.
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Rachel Meloon
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In 1720, James
andSociety
Elizabeth
Wilson left northern Ireland
Hampshire
Historical
Museum
to come to
New Hampshire where many Scotch-Irish
Staircase to were settling. While aboard
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the ship
Wolf, Elizabeth gave birth4thtoFloor
a daughter.
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About 1/3 of the way across the ocean, pirates attacked and captured
the ship. When he realized there was an infant aboard, the pirate
captain decided not to harm the passengers. In return for their safety,
he asked that the baby be named Mary for his wife. He handed the
baby’s mother a bolt of silk, itself possibly booty from a merchant
vessel. When Ocean-born Mary married James Wallace in 1742, she
wore a dress made from the pirate’s gift. Mary Wilson Wallace died in
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1814.
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The rendering here is from the cover page of Olive Tardiff’s account
of Ocean-born Mary in They Paved the Way (Heritage, 1980).
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Ocean-born Mary Wilson
Wallace
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As the displayed tools of the trade show, Samuel Lane (1718–
1806), of Stratham, was a surveyor — an important occupation in
New Hampshire’s period of rapid growth during the middle and
late 1700s. But like many of the time, Lane performed a variety of
tasks to provide for his family’s well being. Initially apprenticed to
his father who taught him how to make shoes, Lane observed that
much of his father’s costs were bound up in buying leather. He
took it upon himself
to learn this trade from a local tanner in
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exchange for young Lane teaching him the rudiments of
surveying, which Samuel was then himself also studying.
When Lane struck out on his own, he practiced all these trades. In
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addition, of course, he ran his own
farm. Lane is most remarkable
in that he kept a meticulous journal for over sixty years. His
writings provide us a detailed look at everyday village life.
Samuel Lane
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Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
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Sent from Africa’s Gold Coast by his father
to be
Concord
Coach
educated abroad, Prince was instead sold into
slavery and bought by General William Whipple
of Portsmouth, a signer of the Declaration of
Independence.
Prince distinguished himself by joining with other
slave leaders to petition the New Hampshire
legislature for their emancipation. He also fought
in the Revolutionary War and, according to
Wigwam
stories, was with General Washington as he
crossed the Delaware River.
After the war, General Whipple freed Prince. The
former slave and his wife Dinah
(m. 1781) resided
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on a parcel of land granted for their use by the
Whipple family. Prince Whipple died in 1797.
Prince Whipple
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Concord
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Villagers of Bedford whose belongings are
highlighted in the exhibition include …
Mary Patten (1683–1764) and her son Matthew
(1719–1795; John Dunlap (1746–1792), who
made the highboy
shown here; and Jane Walker
Wigwam
(1759–1848).
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Bedford Villagers
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Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
Hampshire
Historical
Society Museum
Descendants
of “Spinning
Wheel Thomas” Aiken
of Londonderry
Staircase
to appear to have
and Deering,
the Aiken family of
Franklin
Jaffrey
4th Floor
Parlortheir Scotch-Irish ancestor’s
inherited
ingenuity in producing
textile machinery. Jonas Bradley Aiken (1833-1903) developed
further the idea of his father and brother, patenting this circular
knitting machine for home use in 1855.
The latch needles used in the knitting machine had been
developed by Walter Aiken (1831-1893), Jonas’s older brother,
who manufactured an industrial knitting machine used in hosiery
mills throughout the country. The Aiken family enterprise
Concord
established the Franklin area as a major center
for producing
Coach
knitting machines and needles. At first, machine-produced
stockings required finishing by hand, giving employment to rural
outworkers in the Lakes region.
J.B. Aiken also patented a shower bath that required hand-filling
with heated water.
Wigwam
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J.B. Aiken and the Aiken
Family
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John Badger Bachelder (1825–1894), a native of Gilmanton,
researched and designed this painting, which he then
commissioned James Walker to complete. Bachelder became
the leading authority on the battle shown in this painting: The
Repulse of Longstreet’s Assault at the Battle of Gettysburg. He
arrived on the field immediately after the fighting and found
debris scattered for miles and many of the dead still unburied.
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After 84 days sketching the battlefield, Bachelder devoted two
months to interviewing Confederate prisoners recuperating in
the hospital and then met with commanders of the Union Army.
Said to be the most accurate depiction
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shown here points to specific locations of units engaged in the
battle and in some cases even to particular individuals.
John Badger Bachelder
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Walter Kittredge (1834–1905),
nicknamed the “minstrel of the
Merrimack,” traveled and
performed with the Hutchinson
Family singers. He is best known
for his composition “Tenting on the
Old Camp Ground,” a song the
Hutchinsons made famous.
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According to tradition, Kittredge
wrote the piece in 1863 during his
last evening at home before
traveling to Concord where he was
to be mustered into the army as a
new draftee.
The song was an immediate success
Wigwam
in both the North
and the South and
continued to be popular even after
the war was over.
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Walter Kittredge
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People of the Dawnland
•
What was Native American life like at the
time of contact with Europeans?
•
What trade developed between Indians and
Europeans?
•
How and why did conflict arise between
Indians and European settlers? Concord
Coach
Wigwam
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People of the Dawnland
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Colonial Days and the American Revolution
•
Who came to New Hampshire? How and
why did they come, and what did they bring
with them?
Wigwam
•
How did the economy of New Hampshire
function and how did individuals fit into it?
•
What part did New Hampshire residents
play inEntrance
the Revolutionary War?
Colonial Days and
Revolution
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Rural New Hampshire
Wigwam
What was country life like in New Hampshire of the late
1800s and early 1900s?
Getting Around
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What did the Concord Coach mean to travel and industry in
New Hampshire — and throughout the country?
Rural New Hampshire and
Getting Around
48
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The Old Granite State
People at Work: early industry
in New Hampshire
Powered by Nature: large-scale
industry in New Hampshire
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Luminaries and Leaders:
selected New Hampshire people
of the 19th and 20th centuries
Yankee Ingenuity: enterprise and
inventiveness in New
Hampshire Wigwam
Arts and Crafts: arts and crafts
and the reaction against
industrialism in New Hampshire
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Hard Times: World War I and II
and the Depression through the
experience of Philias Dubuc
The Old Granite State
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Concord
Coach
Wigwam
Entrance
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Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
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Concord
Coach
Wigwam
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Wigwam
51
Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
Hampshire Historical Society Museum
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Jaffrey
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Concord
Coach
Wigwam
Entrance
Jaffrey Parlor
52
Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
Hampshire Historical Society Museum
Staircase to
4th Floor
Jaffrey
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Concord
Coach
Wigwam
Entrance
Concord Coach
53
Floor Plan for New Hampshire through Many Eyes, New
Hampshire Historical Society Museum
Staircase to
4th Floor
Jaffrey
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Concord
Coach
Wigwam
Entrance
Staircase to 4th Floor
54
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Staircase to
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Goodbye
Concord
Coach
Wigwam
Entrance
©
2006 Christopher MacLeod for the
New Hampshire Historical Society
End
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