Transcript Public Health - University of Florida

Public Health
Jason Drenning
Ashley Eckes
Jessica Eliazar
Jessica Elliott
What is Public Health?
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Public health is concerned with threats to
the overall health of a community based on
population health analysis
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"Health care matters to all of us some of
the time, public health matters to all of us
all of the time“ - C. Everett Koop
Public Health Objectives
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The focus of a public health intervention is to
prevent rather than treat a disease through
surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy
behaviors
Modern public health is concerned with addressing
determinants of health across a population, rather
than advocating for individual behavior change.
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Our health is affected by many factors including where we
live, genetics, our income, our educational status and our
social relationships - "social determinants of health"
Facets of Public Health
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Epidemiology
Environmental Health
Social & Behavioral Sciences
Biostatistics
Occupational Health
Important Public Health Issues
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Smoking
Obesity
Stress Management
Physical Fitness
Nutrition
HIV/AIDS
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Substance Abuse
Depression
Mental Health
Heart Disease
Maternal/Infant Health
Diabetes
Early Interventions
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The Romans understood that the proper
disposal of human waste was a necessary to
the health of communities in urban areas.
The Chinese developed the practice of
variolation following a smallpox outbreak
around 1000 BC.
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An individual without the disease could become
immune by inhaling the dried crusts that formed
around lesions of infected individuals.
10 Great Public Health
Achievements
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Vaccinations
Motor Vehicle Safety
Workplace Safety
Control of Infectious
Diseases
Decline in deaths from
stroke and heart
disease
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Safer and healthier
foods
Healthier mothers and
babies
Family planning
Fluoridation of drinking
water
Recognition of tobacco
use as a health hazard
Public Health Today
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The developing world remains plagued by
largely preventable infectious diseases,
exacerbated by malnutrition and poverty.
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Infectious diseases such as SARS, have made their way
from China to Canada and the United States;
Public health challenges also include the
ongoing social, economic and health disasters
related to the 2005 Tsunami and Hurricane
Katrina in 2006
Health People 2010
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Provides a framework of national health
objectives designed to identify the most
significant preventable threats to health and
to establish national goals to reduce these
threats
Goal 1: Increase Quality and Years of
Healthy Life
Goal 2: Eliminate Health Disparities
http://www.healthypeople.gov/
Impact of Public Health
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The dramatic achievements of Public Health in the
20th century have improved our quality of life: an
increase in life expectancy, world wide reduction
in infant and child mortality, and the elimination
or reduction of many communicable diseases.
Since 1900, the average life expectancy for
Americans has increased by about 30 years. Over
twenty-five of the 30 years can be accredited to
public health initiatives, while medical advances
account for less than 4 years.
Public Health Bills
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Large Scope
Broad
American Public Health Association Priorities
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Rebuilding the Public Health Infrastructure
Ensuring Access to Health Care
Eliminating Health Disparities
Prevention
Reducing Health Care Costs
Obesity
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National Health Problem
Contributes to diabetes, cardio-vascular
disease, and cancer
Disproportionately affects poor, blacks, and
American Indians
Increasing the fastest in children
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Importance of Prevention
Impact on Public Health
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Health Care Costs and Expenditures
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Directly associated
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According to a recent study, obesity-related medical
expenditures in Florida total over $3.9 billion (FDOH,
2005)
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Over half of the costs being financed by Medicare and
Medicaid (FDOH, 2005).
Indirectly associated
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Management of diabetes and secondary diseases
Costs of disability on economy
Previous Bills
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Healthy Lifestyles and Prevention American Act or
HeLP America Act (2004)
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Urban and Rural Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion Act of 2003
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The purpose is to improve the health of Americans and minimize
health care costs by restructuring the Nation's health care system
towards prevention, wellness, and self care.
To provide assistance for the development of indoor disease
prevention and health promotion centers in urban and rural areas
throughout the United States.
Right Start Act of 2003
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To improve early learning opportunities and promote
preparedness by increasing the availability of Head Start
programs, to increase the availability and affordability of quality
child care, to reduce child hunger and encourage healthy eating
habits, to facilitate parental involvement, and for other purposes.
Democratic View
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More funding for physical education in public
schools
Strengthening Title IX
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Fighting against President Bush’s push to make
the title weaker
Affordable Education and Accessible Health
Care
Lowering obesity rates will in tern lower
insurance costs
Expand funding
Republican View
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Healthy America Initiative
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Joint effort with governors both Democratic and
Republican
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Raise Awareness of healthy behaviors and
risks
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“Do it yourself” solution
Put little money into regulation and education
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Huckabee, Sanford
Napolitano, Scharzenegger, Vilsack, Bredsen
The rest is up to the individual
Cost effective programs
Implications
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To fix the obesity problem in America it will cost
more before it costs less
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Is law the way to go with the obesity issue?
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Governmental time frame is often to short
Make sure we don’t “blame the victim”
Encouraging good treatment
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Those that are already obese
Treatment – or prevention measure
 Implementation
Requirements for surgery
Results of expert opinions and recommendations
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Fast food lawsuits
Childhood Obesity Prevention Act
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Rationale for Proposed Legislation
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To encourage innovative state and community
based activities to help reduce and prevent
obesity among children.
Target Group
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Elementary and Secondary School aged children.
Childhood Obesity Prevention Act
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Primary Mechanisms
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State and Local Wellness Projects
Commission on Prevention of Obesity
National Health and Physical Fitness Awards
State & Local Wellness Projects
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State Wellness Project Grants
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Award Grants to State Educational Agencies to
fund projects related to the creation of nutrition
and physical fitness programs targeting school
aged children.
State & Local Wellness Projects
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State Wellness Project Grants
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Basic Program Activities:
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Collect preliminary data on the State’s obesity
prevalence.
Develop and implement school programs that
enhance nutritional education and physical fitness
programs.
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Collaborate with Local Wellness Projects and public/private
community-based organizations
Develop State Health Standards.
Report the program results.
State & Local Wellness Projects
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Local Wellness Project Grants
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Award Grants to Local Educational Agencies to
fund projects to promote healthier eating habits
and increase physical fitness within the
community.
State & Local Wellness Projects
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Local Wellness Project Grants
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Basic Program Activities:
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Provide a preliminary statement of the community’s
needs and the project’s goals.
Promote local awareness of the impact of individual
behaviors on health status.
Increase opportunities for physical fitness.
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Provide support to school nutrition and physical fitness
services
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After-school activities, intramural sports, etc.
Training teachers and staff, providing educational materials,
etc.
Report the program results.
Commission on Prevention of
Obesity
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Establishment and Purpose
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Provide guidance on research, policy formation,
and other activities of the Federal government
relating to the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Oversight of State and Local Wellness Projects.
Commission on Prevention of
Obesity
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Commission Duties
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Collect & review information from Wellness
Projects
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Provide Feedback
Share information on successful projects.
Create recommendations on a Federal response
to obesity prevention and treatment
Develop standards for the receipt of the National
Health & Physical Fitness Awards
Commission on Prevention of
Obesity
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Consultation
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Representatives of State and local government
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Educators
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Community based organizations
Commission on Prevention of
Obesity
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Membership
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HHS
Department of Agriculture
Department of Education
Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services
CDC
NIH
Private sector representatives
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Public Health Organizations, Food Industry, Fitness
Industry, etc.
Commission on Prevention of
Obesity
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Report
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Every two years
Describe & evaluate current programs
State recommendations on a Federal response to
obesity prevention and treatment
Address Healthy People 2010 objectives
National Health and Physical
Fitness Awards
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Program to recognize and award elementary
& secondary schools with
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Outstanding physical fitness and nutritional
education programs
Demonstrated improvements in student fitness,
nutritional awareness, and overall health
National Health and Physical
Fitness Awards
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Teacher Achievement Awards
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Awarded to teachers, coaches, & other personnel
for providing leadership within nutrition and
physical fitness programs
Student Achievement Awards
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Awarded to students that demonstrate
improvements in nutrition awareness, levels of
physical activity, and have shown overall health
improvements
Childhood Obesity Prevention Act
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Estimated Costs
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State Wellness Project Grants
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$500,000 per state grant; 20 state max: $10,000,000
Local Wellness Project Grants
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$200,000 per local grant; 100 max: $20,000,000
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Must award at least one to each state
Commission on Prevention of Obesity
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$200,000 per year
Childhood Obesity Prevention
Act
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It's estimated that the obesity epidemic costs
our nation $117 billion per year in direct
health care costs and lost productivity (RWJF,
2007).
We must take action now to address this
urgent national health threat.
Questions?