Transcript Chapter 18 Classification

Taxonomy
EQ: What are the major characteristics of the 3
domains? What are the differencees among the
kingdoms?
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Domains
• Broadest, most inclusive taxon
• Three domains
• Archaea and Bacteria are
•
unicellular prokaryotes (no
nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles)
Eukarya (eukaryotes) more
complex and have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
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ARCHAEA
• Kingdom - ARCHAEBACTERIA
• Probably the 1 cells to evolve
• Live in HARSH environments
• Found in:
– Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens)
– Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles)
– Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid
– Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) st
Halophiles
ARCHAEAN 
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BACTERIA
• Kingdom - EUBACTERIA
• Some may cause DISEASE
• Found in ALL HABITATS except
harsh ones
• Important decomposers for
environment
• Commercially important in making
cottage cheese, yogurt,
buttermilk, etc.
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Live in the intestines of animals
E. Coli
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Domain Eukarya is Divided
into Kingdoms
•Protista (protozoans,
algae…)
•Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
•Plantae (multicellular plants)
•Animalia (multicellular
animals)
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1. Protista
•Most are unicellular
•Some are
multicellular
•Some are
autotrophic, while
others are
heterotrophic
Aquatic
Ex: Amoebas,
paramecium, Euglena
and Diatoms
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• Multicellular,
except yeast
• Absorptive
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2. Fungi
heterotrophs
(digest food
outside their body
& then absorb it)
Cell walls made of
chitin
(polysaccharide)
Ex: mushrooms,
yeast, black bread
mold.
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3. Plantae
•Multicellular
•Autotrophic
•Absorb sunlight
to make glucose –
Photosynthesis
Cell walls made of
cellulose
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• Multicellular
• Ingestive
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4. Animalia
heterotrophs
(consume food &
digest it inside
their bodies)
Feed on plants or
animals
Ex; Reptiles,
Amphibians, Aves,
Mammals, Fish
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Characteristics of Animals
•Fish
There is a great deal of diversity among the animals we call
fish, but they all share certain things in common. All fish:
-live in water
-have fins
-breathe through gills.
•Amphibians
Amphibians include the frogs, toads and salamanders.
Amphibians:
-have smooth or bumpy skin
-are dependent on water for reproduction
-can breathe with lungs or gills depending on the species, but all
-an breathe through their skin.
•Reptiles
Reptiles include lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodilians
(alligators, crocodiles and a couple others). They are
characterized by:
-having tough, dry, scaly skin
-breathing with lungs
-having eggs with a leathery eggshell that does not have to be laid
-in water to survive (though some reptiles do not lay eggs and
instead have
-live births)
-being ectothermic (cold-blooded).
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Birds
Birds have some fairly obvious common
characteristics:
-feathers
-beaks
-wings
as well as some not so obvious characteristics,
such as:
-remarkably lightweight bones
-being endothermic (warm-blooded).
•Mammals
Mammals are the group of vertebrates that
includes humans, river otters and
dolphins. The characteristics of mammals
are they:
-are endothermic (warm-blooded)
-have hair
-breathe air with lungs
-give live births
-produce milk
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Dichotomous Keys
•Used to identify organisms
•Characteristics given in
pairs
•Read both characteristics
and either go to another
set of characteristics OR
identify the organism
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Example of Dichotomous Key
1a
1b
2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
Tentacles present – Go to 2
Tentacles absent – Go to 3
Eight Tentacles – Octopus
More than 8 tentacles – 3
Tentacles hang down – go to 4
Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone
Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish
Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5
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