Transcript Filling Gaps and Needs of NRENS – The SILK Experience

Filling Gaps and Needs of NRENS:
The SILK Experience
E-AGE 2013, Tunis
H. Frese, DESY
NATO PDD Consultant
The Virtual Silk Highway Project
• is a major component of the NATO Science for
Peace and Security Programme
• has provided Internet connectivity and
infrastructure support for the National
Research and Education Networks (NRENs)
along the SILK road in the Caucasus and
Central Asia 2002-2010
• and continues with SILK-Afghanistan 20102015
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The nine SILK countries: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
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Before SILK (1992)
• After the fall of the Soviet Union the demand for
communication between CIS scientists and the
outside world increased dramatically
• Cocom limited telephone modems to 1200 Baud
• Fiber was non-existent
• Russian satellites were available
• DESY stepped in for the High Energy Physics
community with INTAS funding linking HEP
institutes across the CIS at 128kbps rates to
HEPNET/CERN
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Towards SILK (2001)
• Since the mid-1990s, the NATO Science
Programme had been providing Networking
Infrastructure Grants (NIGs) both for hardware
and for communication links to individual
institutes in the NATO Partner Countries of the
former Warsaw Pact
• A wholesale unified approach was agreed by the
NATO Networking Panel covering the whole area
with one high power satellite under a multi-year
contract geared to annual NATO budgets
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Silk-1 – East Beam Transponder Map
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Silk-1 - West Beam Transponder Map
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SILK-1 (2002-2006)
• $2.5m for the first 3 years could afford 20Mbps of
shared bandwidth, co-funding reached 30Mbps later
• SILK connected NRENs, not single institutes
• NRENs had to have a proper Acceptable Use Policy to
be connected
• The NRENs had to agree internally on bandwidth
sharing inside their country
• Satellite broadcasting enabled sharing of otherwise
unused bandwidth across NRENs between NRENs and
across 3 time zones
• Specific gaps and needs were covered with NIGs,
typically $100k over 2 years (e.g. last mile issues)
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SILK-1 hub 5.6m KA band
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Running SILK
• A computer network needs a people network to run it
• The hub crew and eight of the nine POPs spoke Russian
as well as English
• Regular telephone and video conferences plus two to
three rotating face-to-face board meetings annually
were crucial, with participation of both the
administrative and technical experts, especially in the
cases of bleeding edge technology use.
• The necessary equipment was provided by NATO grants
(NIGs), including batteries, generators and diesel fuel
• Complementary EU projects helped out here greatly
when NATO could not provide personnel support.
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SILK Board Meeting 20, 03.11.2009
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SILK-2 (2007-2010)
• Technology neutral tender produced only satellite
offers
• Continuation with new satellites and their
teething problems: KISS vs. SLA
• Gradual replacement by fiber where available
• Total bandwidth (shared if on same satellite)
~100 Mbps
• Transfer of NRENs to EU co-funded regional
networks like the Central Asian Research and
Education Network (CAREN, 2010)
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CAREN Launch
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SILK-Afghanistan (2010-2013)
• Continuation with multiple satellite POPs in
Afghanistan initially
• Additional bandwidth to Kabul on fiber
• Development of the Afghan Research and
Education Network (AfgREN) under the
auspices of the Afghan Ministry of Higher
Education covering the provinces (>25
locations)
• Preparation of SILK-AFG 2.0
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SILK-AFG 2.0 (2014-2015 so far)
The big steps forward are
• the 155 Mbps STM-1 connection of AfgREN
from Kabul to GÉANT in Vienna
• the use of domestic fiber where available (6
active, 9 more planned)
• further 5 sites are connected by wireless with
11 more planned
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AfgREN fiber traffic
AfgREN wireless traffic
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Conclusion
For more than a decade, the NATO Virtual Silk Highway
Project
• has used available funds and available technology to
maximum effect
• to fill the gaps and needs of the NRENs in Central Asia,
• enabling them in turn to provide their stakeholders
• with access to the Internet for education including schools,
• audio and video conferencing support,
• and scientific projects from earthquake detection to
telemedicine.
With the SILK background, let us look at the gaps and needs of
ASREN and possible NATO grants.
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Outlook
• Information on NATO grants can be found at
www.nato.int/science
• Grant applications require two co-directors, one
from a NATO Partner and one from a NATO
Country …
• … passing a peer-review …
• … and approval by the 28 NATO Countries.
• Grant giving organizations like regional and cofunded proposals.
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41 NATO Partners (11 in Arabia)
Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Egypt, Finland, Georgia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyz Republic, Malta,
Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco,
New Zealand, Pakistan, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Russian
Federation, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia¹, Tunisia,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan.
¹Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.
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28 NATO Countries
Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United
States
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You find me at [email protected]
Questions?
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