Transcript Document
Barcoding the Birds of the Palearctic Kevin C.R. Kerr University of Guelph Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Canada Collaborators: S. Birks, S. Rohwer, R. Faucett, M. Kalyakin, P.D.N. Hebert Introduction Sources for specimens Burke Museum, University of Washington • Demonstrated well-preserved tissue collection in previous collaboration • Houses voucher specimens for tissues © S. Birks • Boasts an “unsurpassed modern collection from many localities throughout the former Soviet Union and Mongolia” Specimen selection No formal list has been decided on yet for the Palearctic • “A Field Guide to the Birds of Russia” was used as a guide to pick samples • Species were reviewed in systematic order, searched for in the Burke’s online database (including specimens collected in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan) DNA sources Feathers are not useful for initial sampling effort Museums are the ideal starting point Maintaining a 96–well format facilitates high throughput Receive tissues in “Matrix” boxes to help maintain organization The Analytical Chain Specimen Collection data Sample Photographs Extract Amplify Sequence Online barcode library Data management Data management Data management Quickly outlines: Information on voucher specimen Taxonomic information Geographic locality Specimen images Data management Quickly outlines: Information on voucher specimen Taxonomic information Geographic locality Specimen images Data management Data management Results Summary: n=6 213 of 234 species 626 sequenced of 803 specimens 2.9 replicates per species Mean intraspecific distance = 0.52% (versus North American 0.23%) n=1 Mean congeneric distance = 8.83% (versus North American 5.9%) © A. Cutts Results • Geographic range of samples collected to date Number of Replicates per Species Number of species 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 Number of replicates 5 6 Results Summary: n=6 213 of 234 species 626 sequenced of 803 specimens 2.9 replicates per species Mean intraspecific distance = 0.52% (versus North American 0.29%) n=1 Mean congeneric distance = 8.83% (versus North American 5.9%) © A. Cutts Results: Taxon resolution Only 1 “lumped” pair of taxa has been found: Results: Species discovery 1 Anatidae 1 Scolopacidae 1 Columbidae 1 Caprimulgidae 2 Picidae 2 Hirundinidae 1 Troglodytidae 5 Turdidae 14 Species with splits Results: Species discovery Taxon identification tree illustrates the deep divergences exhibited in some species Old world “redstarts” Palearctic vs Nearctic Palearctic vs Nearctic • Comparisons to Nearctic conspecifics is variable • NO Palearctic species LUMPS with a Nearctic species © S. Valjakka Preliminary points 1. Patterns of divergence emulate those observed in the North American birds 2. The addition of Palearctic birds does not confuse the results from the original dataset New contributions Zoological Museum of Moscow University (Mikhail Kalyakin): • An additional 65 species (299 species in total) • An additional 352 specimens (1,155 specimens in total) Collaboration & Coordination Sweden Norway U.K. Denmark Holland Russia Japan France Portugal China Taiwan Italy Israel Iran Collaboration & Coordination Collaboration & Coordination Lessons from the Palearctic Working Group: 1. Open communication 2. Structure and organization 3. Action Acknowledgements Laboratory The Hebert Lab Collections Burke Museum staff: Database BOLD Sharon Birks Sievert Rohwer Rob Faucett Funding & Support The Moore Foundation Canadian Wildlife Service Chris Wood Zoological Museum of Moscow University: Mikhail Kalyakin