Transcript Slide 1
Evaluation of quick, inexpensive, and reliable methods for determining if ballast water discharges meet proposed toxicity standards
Noah S. Adams 1 , Scott S. Smith 2 , Bryan Bjorndal Randall Marshall 4 , Allen Pleus 5 , Rian Hooff 6 , Gary Gertsen 5 3 , and Keith Strieck 5 .
Presented at the Pacific Ballast Work Group, Portland Oregon, April 16, 2014
1 Primary Author (and contact) United States Geological Survey, Email: [email protected], 2 USGS- Western Fisheries Research Center, 3 Assure Control, 4 Oregon State Department of Ecology, 5 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 6 1 of Environmental Quality
Presentation Outline
Background - Previous research that lead to this project Current Project - Goals
“100 ships initiative”
- Develop sampling protocols - Gather baseline data Preliminary Results - 6 countries of origin - 14 vessels
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Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) Background Development of a simple, inexpensive, and rapid ballast water treatment system (2009) Nozzle Mixing Methods Patents in process
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Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) Private Sector U.S. Government Free and protected exchange of information to refine existing ideas or develop new ideas Unbiased evaluation Accelerate the development and commercialization of ideas that could benefit society
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Nozzle mixing was successful (1-3 hours) …but, what about water quality and how do we quantify success??
What is water quality before treatment?
- Is the proper chemistry
present for effective treatment?
What is water quality after treatment?
- Is the biocide neutralized
before discharge.
In short, chemical toxins may be present ( either prior to or because of the treatment ) that could cause the ballast to be noncompliant with discharge standards.
Chlorine Mercury 5
Very little is known about water quality in ballast tanks, partly because current testing methods are expensive and time consuming
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Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) Search for a simple, inexpensive, and rapid field test to evaluate ballast water quality Based on a Biosensor
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Biosensor = Bioluminescence Plankton
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Biosensor in clean water
Tank #1 Tank #2 Tank #3 Tank #4 Tank #5
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Biosensors can be a good way to measure overall ballast water quality……..
Cadmium Lead Epoxy Resin Chlorine
……and determine if water chemistry is compliant with IMO and other regulatory standards
Mercury 10
“100 ships initiative” - Develop sampling protocols - Gather baseline data
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Protocol Development
How to sample the water - Water sampling devises - Depth in tank to take sample Other variable to measure when sample is taken - Temperature - Salinity - pH - Dissolved Oxygen - Others?
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Protocol Development
Pre - Filtering Holding Temperature Grazers?
Holding Time
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Protocol development testing results Conduct further analysis 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 9 17 Percent of Control Bioluminescence 11 3 4 3 Japan Mexico 14 sample representing 6 countries of origin 3 USA 6 12 12 12 China 6 5 13 S. Korea Taiwan Number above bar is days water was in tank
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Protocol development testing results Holding Temperature of Sample Before Testing 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4° C Room Temp 4° C Room Temp 4° C Room Temp 4° C Room Temp 4° C Room Temp USA S. Korea Taiwan Japan Mexico
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Protocol development testing results Filtered vs. Unfiltered Samples 50 µM screen 100 90 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 50 USA S. Korea Taiwan Japan Mexico
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Summary
- The QwikLite shows promise as a simple,
inexpensive, and rapid way to test ballast water.
- Protocol development is complete. - Currently have about 70 of the targeted 100
samples.
- Results will be published. 17
Future Directions
- Our hope is that others will conduct similar
sampling to expand global knowledge of ballast water quality.
- This system appears to be an way to quickly and
inexpensively evaluate ballast treatment systems.
- What about biological testing? Epoxy Resin Chlorine
?
Acknowledgements Rian Hooff Allen Pleus Gary Gertsen Keith Strieck Bryan Bjorndal Questions?
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